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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

A 10 GHz Y-Ba-Cu-O/GaAs hybrid oscillator proximity coupled to a circular microstrip patch antenna

A 10 GHz hybrid Y-Ba-Cu-O / GaAs microwave oscillator proximity coupled to a circular microstrip antenna was designed, fabricated and characterized. The oscillator was a reflection mode type using a GaAs MESFET as the active element. The feedline, transmission lines, RF chokes, and bias lines were all fabricated from YBa2Cu3O(7-x) superconducting thin films on a 1 cm x 1 cm lanthanum aluminate substrate. The output feedline of the oscillator was wire bonded to a superconducting feedline on a second 1 cm x 1 cm lanthanum aluminate substrate, which was in turn proximity coupled to a circular microstrip patch antenna. Antenna patterns from this active patch antenna and the performance of the oscillator measured at 77 K are reported. The oscillator had a maximum output power of 11.5 dBm at 77 K, which corresponded to an efficiency of 10 percent. In addition, the efficiency of the microstrip patch antenna together with its high temperature superconducting feedline was measured from 85 K to 30 K and was found to be 71 percent at 77 4 increasing to a maximum of 87.4 percent at 30 K.

Rohrer, Norman J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Radar E-O image fusion

The fusion of radar and electro-optic (E-O) sensor images presents unique challenges. The two sensors measure different properties of the real three-dimensional (3-D) world. Forming the sensor outputs into a common format does not mask these differences. In this paper, the conditions under which fusion of the two sensor signals is possible are explored. The program currently planned to investigate this problem is briefly discussed.

Oneil, William F.↗
NASA NTRS1994

L(alpha)-induced two-photon absorption of visible light emitted from an O-type star by H2(+) ions located near the surface of the Stromgren sphere surrounding the star: A possible explanation for the diffuse interstellar absorption bands (DIDs)

In this paper, a new model is proposed to account for the DIB's (Diffuse Interstellar Bands). In this model, the DIB's result from a non-linear effect: resonantly-enhanced two-photon absorption of H(2+) ions located near the surface of the Stromgren sphere that surrounds an O- or B- type star. The strong light that is required to 'drive' the two-photon transition is provided by L(alpha) light emerging from the Stromgren sphere that bounds the H II region surrounding the star. A value of approximately 100 micro W/sq cm is estimated for the L(alpha) flux at the Stromgren radius, R(s), of a strong (O5) star. It is shown that a c.w. L(alpha) flux of this intensity should be sufficient to induce a few percent absorption for visible light radiated by the same star at a frequency (omega2) that completes an allowed two-photon transition, provided (1) the L(alpha) radiation happens to be nearly resonant with the frequency of a fully-allowed absorber transition that effectively represents the first step in the two-photon transition, and (2) an effective column density approximately 10(sup18)/sq cm of the absorber is present near the Stromgren sphere radius, R(sub s).

Glownia, James H.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Fragmentation cross sections of O-16 between 0.9 and 200 GeV/nucleon

Inclusive cross sections for high energy interactions at 0.9, 2.3, 3.6, and 13.5 GeV/nucleon of O-16 with C, CR-39 (C12H18O7), CH2, Al, Cu, Ag, and Pb targets were measured. The total charge-changing cross sections and partial charge-changing cross sections for the production of fragments with charge Z = 6 and Z = 7 are compared to previous experiments at 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon. The contributions of Coulomb dissociation to the total cross sections are calculated. Using factorization rules the partial electromagnetic cross sections are separated from the nuclear components. Energy dependence of both components are investigated and discussed.

Hirzebruch, S. E.↗
NASA NTRS1994

New detections of interstellar HNO at 2 and 1.2 millimeters: More N-O bonds

The 2(sub 02) to 1(sub 01) and 3(sub 03) to 2(sub 02) transitions of HNO at 163 and 244 GHz have been detected toward several molecular clouds. In conjunction with previous measurements of the 1(sub 01) to 0(sub 00) line at 81 GHz, these observations secure the identification of interstellar HNO. The 2(sub 02) to 1(sub 01) transition of this species has been detected toward NGC 2024, Sgr B2 (NW), W51M, and Dr 21 (OH), while the 3(sub 03) to 2(sub 02) line at 1.2 mm was observed only in NGC 2024. Typical column densities of HNO observed toward these sources are N(sub tot) approximately 10(exp 12) to 10(exp 14)/sq cm, corresponding to fractional abundances of f(sub HNO) approximately 10(exp -11) to 10(exp -10). These values imply NO/HNO ratios of approximately 100 to 800. Both the HNO fractional abundances and NO/HNO ratios are in reasonable agreement with predictions of ion-molecule-type models of interstellar chemistry, provided early-time calculations are used. Such behavior contrasts with that of other nitrogen compounds, whose observed abundances are best duplicated by steady-state calculations. The chemistries of HNO and NO are thus likely to be related. These observations also suggest that interstellar N-O bonds may be more common than previously thought.

Ziurys, L. M.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Detection of interstellar N2O: A new molecule containing an N-O bond

A new interstellar molecule, N2O, known as nitrous oxide or 'laughing gas,' has been detected using the NRAO 12 m telescope. The J = 3 - 2, 4 - 3, 5 - 4, and 6 - 5 rotational transitions of this species at 75, 100, 125, and 150 GHz, respectively, were observed toward Sgr B2(M). The column density derived for N2O in this source is N(sub tot) approx. 10(exp 15)/sq. cm, which corresponds to a fractional abundance of approx. 10(exp -9), relative to H2. This value implies abundance ratios of N2O/NO approx. 0.1 and N2O/HNO approx. 3 in the Galactic center. Such ratios are in excellent agreement with predictions of ion-molecule models of interstellar chemistry using early-time calculations and primarily neutral-neutral reactions. N2O is the third interstellar molecule detected thus far containing an N-O bond. Such bonds cannot be so rare as previously thought.

Ziurys, L. M.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Analysis of helium-rich subdwarf O stars. 1: NLTE models, methods, and fits for 21 Palomar Green survey sdOs

Atmospheric parameters for 21 helium-rich hot subdwarf O stars from the Palomar Green survey are found from fits of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) models to optical spectra. About 250 new NLTE models in the parameter range T(sub eff) from 35,000 to 65,000 K, log (g) from 4.0 to 6.5, and epsilon(He) from 50% He to 99% He have been calculated. A fit for each object is presented. Estimated distances and luminosities are calculated, assuming a mass of 0.5 solar masses. Large distances above the Galactic plane are found, and this implies that the majority of the sdO stars belong to a different stellar population than the sdB, planetary nebulae and white dwarf stars. Possibilities may include the halo and a 'thick disk.' Kinematical data from the literature are also discussed in view of the found distances. Five of the stars have been observed, modeled, and analyzed by Dreizler et al., and significant differences exist between their results and ours for these stars. The reason for these differences is not yet known, but the problem does not alter the conclusions about population membership that we present.

Thejll, P.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Binary star orbits from speckle interferometry. 5: A combined speckle/spectroscopic study of the O star binary 15 Monocerotis

We report on the discovery of a speckle binary companion to the O7 V (f) star 15 Monocerotis. A study of published radial velocities in conjunction with new measurements from Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and IUE suggests that the star is also a spectroscopic binary with a period of 25 years and a large eccentricity. Thus, 15 Mon is the first O star to bridge the gap between the spectroscopic and visual separation regimes. We have used the star's membership in the cluster NGC 2264 together with the cluster distance to derive masses of 34 and 19 solar mass for the primary and secondary, respectively. Several of the He I line profiles display a broad shallow component which we associate with the secondary, and we estimate the secondary's classification to be O9.5 Vn. The new orbit leads to several important predictions that can be tested over the next few years.

Gies, Douglas R.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Tidal influence on O(1S) airglow emission rate distributions at the geographic equator as observed by WINDII

WINDII, the Wind Imaging Interferometer on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, observes winds, temperatures and emission rates in the upper mesosphere and thermosphere. In this paper we report on nighttime observations of the vertical distribution of the O(1S) 557.7 nm emission near the geographic equator for March/April, 1993. The airglow volume emission rate distribution is found to be strongly dependent on local time. Beginning at dusk, an intense airglow emission layer descends from a mean altitude of 95 km, reaching 89 km by midnight after which the emission rapidly decays. Shortly after midnight it reappears weakly at a higher altitude and remains at this level as the emission rate gradually increases towards dawn. This strong local time dependence leads us to conclude that the effect is tidally driven. Comparison with the Forbes (1982a,b) model suggest that total density perturbations and changes in the atomic oxygen mixing ratio may the cause of the changes in emission rate distribution between dusk and midnight. The reappearance of the emission after midnight may be caused by downward winds bringing oxygen-rich air from above.

Shephere, G. G.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Primary results from the Berkeley EUV airglow rocket spectrometer: O I and N2 FUV/EUV dayglow in the thermosphere and lower exosphere

The Berkeley extreme-ultraviolet airglow rocket spectrometer (BEARS) made spectroscopic measurements of far and extreme UV, atomic oxygen emissions from a Black Brandt XII (12.041 WT) sounding rocket launched from Wallops Island, Virginia, on September 30, 1988. BEARS' primary instrument, a near-normal Rowland mount spectrometer, measured several atomix oxygen and molecular nitrogen dayglow features at high spectral resolution (1.5 A): O I (989, 1027, 1304, and 1356 A); and N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (4, 0) and (3, 0) bands at 1325 and 1354 A. The instrument collected over 800 s of data spanning altitudes of 150 - 963 km with look directions between 95 deg and 125 deg from zenith. We have analyzed the data using electrons and radiative transport models in a forward modeling approach. The model and data are generally in good agreement. However, there are some discrepancies, which are discussed in terms of remote sensing capabilities and improvements to the models.

Cotton, Daniel M.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Ho:Tm:Lu(3)Al(5)O(12) As An Infrared-Laser Material

Material selected on basis of quantum-mechanical modeling of lasing properties. Ho:Tm:Lu(3)Al(5)O(12) features relatively low thermal occupation of lower laser level because this level higher than corresponding levels of most other available laser materials. In addition, it has reasonably large effective cross section for stimulated emission because of contribution of several transitions around central strong transition. Yet another desirable property is its calculated rate of upconversion is lower than those of other laser materials. Inasmuch as upconversion detracts from efficiency of laser, this lower rate of upconversion is highly desirable.

Barnes, Norman P.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Boson localization and universality in YBa2Cu(3-x)M(x)O(7-delta)

We consider a two component mixture of charged fermions on neutralizing background with all sign combinations and arbitrarily small mass ratios. In the two impurity limit for the heavier component we show that the pair forms a bound state for all charge combinations. In the lowest order approximation we derive a closed form expression Veff(r) for the binding potential which has short-range repulsion followed by attraction. In the classical limit, when the mass of embedded particles is large m2 much greater than m, we can calculate from Veff(r) also the cohesive energy E and the bond length R of a metallic crystal such as lithium. The lowest order result is R = 3.1 A, E = -0.9 eV, not entirely different from the experimental result for lithium metal. The same interaction for two holes on a parabolic band with m2 greater than m gives the quantum mechanical bound state which one may interpret as a boson or local pair in the case of high-Te and heavy fermion superconductors. We also show that for compounds of the type YBa2Cu(3 - x)M(x)O(7 - delta) one can understand most of the experimental results for the superconducting and normal states with a single temperature dependent boson breaking function f(T) for each impurity content x governing the decay of bosons into pairing fermions. In the normal state f(T) turns out to be a linear, universal function, independent of the impurity content I and the oxygen content delta. We predict with universality a depression in Tc(x) with slight down bending in agreement with experiment. As a natural consequence of the model the bosons become localized slightly above Tc due to the Wigner crystallization, enhanced with lattice local field minima. The holes remain delocalized with a linearly increasing concentration in the normal state, thus explaining the rising Hall density. The boson localization temperature T(sub BL) shows up as a minimum in the Hall density R(sub ab)(exp -1). We also give explanation for very recently observed scaling of temperature dependent Hall effect in La(2 - x)Sr(x)CuO4.

Kallio, A.↗
NASA NTRS1995

High pressure synthesis and magnetic studies of quasi one dimensional systems Sr(n-1)Cu(n+1)O(2n) (n=3,5)

SrCu2O3 and Sr2Cu3O5 containing two-leg and three-leg S = 1/2 ladders made of antiferromagnetic Cu-O-Cu linear bonds, respectively, were synthesized at high pressure, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were investigated. Both susceptibility and T(1) data of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) revealed the existence of a large spin gap only for SrCu2O3. Superconductivity, which had been predicted theoretically for carrier-doped SrCu2O3 could not be realized although partial substitution of La(3+) for Sr(2+) seemed to be carried out successfully. Electron carriers injected seems to remain localized.

Azuma, M.↗
NASA NTRS1995

A study of the superconducting properties of YBa2Cu(9-x)Nb(x)O(y) thin films

Effect of Niobium substitution at the copper site in YBa2Cu3O(7-x) was studied in thin film form. The films were deposited by laser ablation technique using the targets of the YBa2Cu(3-x)Nb(x)O(y) where x = 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.0 under identical deposition conditions on SrTiO3 (100) substrates. Films were characterized by XRD, resistivity, I-V and J(sub c) measurements. Films made from x = 0.025 and 0.05 concentrations of Nb substituted targets showed relatively improved superconducting properties compared to that of undoped films. the best J(sub c) realized for x - 0.025 Nb concentration was 1.8 x 10(exp 6) A/sq cm and for 0.05 Nb concentration it was 3.2 x 10(exp 6) A/sq cm at 77 K. However, degradation of the superconducting properties, with the increase of x is greater than or equal to 0.1 Nb concentration and drastic suppression and complete loss of superconductivity was noticed for x is greater than or equal to 0.4. The growth of impurity phase YBa2NbO6 for x = 0.1 and above of Nb concentration was noted from XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) patterns. However, the site occupancy of Nb could not be confirmed from these studies.

Srinivas, S.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Development of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductors for Magnetic Bearings

The material requirements, material manufacturing and magnetic properties that are relevant to fabrication of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) magnetic bearings have been discussed. It is found that the seeded-melt-texturing method can be used to fabricate the single domain material that is required to achieve the best magnetic properties. Trapped-field mapping has been used as a non-destructive tool to determine the single-domain nature of the HTS material and quantity of the HTS disks. Both the trapped field and the levitation force of the Y-Ba-Cu-O disks are found to be strongly sensitive to the oxygen content.

Selvamanickam, V.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Preparation and Properties of High-T(sub c) Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thick Film Superconductors on YSZ Substrates

An evaluation of four firing profiles was performed to determine the optimum processing conditions for producing high-T(sub c) Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thick films on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates. Using these four profiles, the effects of sintering temperatures of 830-850 C and soak times of 0.5 to 12 hours were examined. In this study, T-c, zero values of 100 K were obtained using a firing profile in which the films were sintered for 1.5 to 2 hours at 840 to 845 C and then quenched to room temperature. X-ray diffraction analyses of these specimens confirmed the presence of the high-T(sub c) phase. Films which were similarly fired and furnace cooled from the peak processing temperature exhibited a two-step superconductive transition to zero resistance, with T-c,zero values ranging from 85 to 92 K. The other firing profiles evaluated in this investigation yielded specimens which either exhibited critical transition temperatures below 90 K or did not exhibit a superconductive transition above 77 K.

Hooker, Matthew W.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Trans-Bis(acetato-o)bis(4-methylpyridine-N)copper(II)

The structure of trans-bis(acetato-O)bis(4-methyl- pyridine-N)copper(II), (Cu(C2H302)(sub 2)(C6H7N)(sub 2)), re- ported herein, represents a monomeric parent acetate complex with a distorted square-planar arrangement of acetate and 4-methylpyridine ligands around the Cu atom with the following distances and angles: Cu-N = 2.027 (4) and Cu-O1 = 1.950 (3) A; O1-Cu-N = 89.1 (2) and O1 -Cu-N' = 90.9 (2)deg. The Cu atom resides on a center of inversion. The most important dihedral angles are the angle between the 4-methylpyridine plane and the acetate plane (O1, O2, C21 and C22), 78.2 deg and the angle between the 4-methylpyridine ring and the coordination plane (Cu, N, O1), 31.6 deg.

Jedrzejas, Marek J.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Atmospherically Related Studies of O(D-1) and O2 (b'Sigma(sub g, sup +)

For the third year of the grant, we propose to investigate the (beta)'(Sigma)(sub g, sup +). Our earlier value of 0.77 +/- 0.23, which has been used for a long time, should be updated, and the error limits reduced. Current measurements in J. Barker's group at the University of Michigan have assigned a value closer to 0.9, and we will conduct a new evaluation. The goals of this project are to investigate various aspects of the photochemistry of O('D) and O2(beta)'(Sigma)(sub g, sup +) that are of relevance to the photochemistry and energy balance of the terrestrial atmosphere. Over the last six months, we have obtained new sky spectra data files from the Keck telescope via Don Osterbrock at UC Santa Cruz, and now 120 hours of data have been accumulated. Thus, we have been able to make large signal/noise improvements of the O2(b'(Sigma)(sub g, sup +) - X(sup 3)(Sigma)(Sub g, sup -) Atmospheric Band data that we are collecting.

Slanger, Tom G.↗