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Results for “MAGNETIC RESONANCE COUPLING”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Membrane protein reconstitution : New possibilities for structural biology, biophysical methods, and antibody/drug discovery

Nearly one-third of all proteins in eukaryotes are membrane proteins. Moreover, roughly 60% of Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA)-approved small-molecule drugs act on membrane proteins, which includes G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels, and transporters. Here, the vast majority of these membrane proteins are cell-surface accessible and thus amenable to drug discovery. At the same time, they are considerably more challenging to reconstitute and prepare for structure initiatives, antibody discovery, and drug screening. This series of reviews introduces the reader to current reconstitution systems, biophysical characterization of the membrane proteins and associated lipids, and common applications involving nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

VELOCITY-SHEAR-INDUCED MODE COUPLING IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE AND SOLAR WIND: IMPLICATIONS FOR PLASMA HEATING AND MHD TURBULENCE

We analytically consider how velocity shear in the corona and solar wind can cause an initial Alfven wave to drive up other propagating signals. The process is similar to the familiar coupling into other modes induced by non-WKB refraction in an inhomogeneous plasma, except here the refraction is a consequence of velocity shear. We limit our discussion to a low-beta plasma, and ignore couplings into signals resembling the slow mode. If the initial Alfven wave is propagating nearly parallel to the background magnetic field, then the induced signals are mainly a forward-going (i.e., propagating in the same sense as the original Alfven wave) fast mode, and a driven signal propagating like a forward-going Alfven wave but polarized like the fast mode; both signals are compressive and subject to damping by the Landau resonance. For an initial Alfven wave propagating obliquely with respect to the magnetic field, the induced signals are mainly forward- and backward-going fast modes, and a driven signal propagating like a forward-going Alfven wave but polarized like the fast mode; these signals are all compressive and subject to damping by the Landau resonance. A backward-going Alfven wave, thought to be important in the development of MHD turbulence, is also produced, but it is very weak. However, we suggest that for oblique propagation of the initial Alfven wave the induced fast-polarized signal propagating like a forward-going Alfven wave may interact coherently with the initial Alfven wave and distort it at a strong-turbulence-like rate.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electronic density of states of a U ( 1 ) quantum spin liquid with spinon Fermi surface. I. Orbital magnetic field effects

A quantum spin liquid with a spinon Fermi surface is an exotic insulator that hosts neutral Fermi surfaces inside the insulating gap. In an external magnetic field, it has been pointed out that the neutral Fermi surfaces are Landau quantized to form Landau levels due to the coupling to the induced emergent gauge magnetic field. In this paper, we calculate the electronic density of states (as observed in tunneling experiments) of the quantum spin liquid in an orbital magnetic field. Here, we find that the Landau levels from the neutral Fermi surfaces give rise to a set of steps emerging at the upper and lower Hubbard band edges. Each of the Hubbard band edge steps further develop into a band edge resonance peak when a weak gauge binding arising from the gauge field fluctuations is taken into account. Importantly, each Hubbard band edge step and its resulting resonance peak in the weak gauge binding are found to have a corresponding Landau level from the neutral Fermi surfaces, so the Hubbard band edge steps and the band edge resonance peaks provide signatures to the unique feature that characterizes the Landau quantization of the in-gap neutral Fermi surfaces in the spin liquid. We further consider the strong gauge-binding regime where the band edge resonance peaks move into the Mott gap and develop into true in-gap bound states. In the strong gauge binding regime, we solve the Landau-level spectrum of the in-gap bound states in an orbital magnetic field. For the in-gap bound state with a Mexican-hat-like band dispersion, we find that the envelop energy to have a state excited from the bound state Landau levels decreases quadratically with the magnetic field. The quadratic decrease behavior of the envelop energy is consistent with the intuition that applying magnetic field localizes the states and energetically promotes the in-gap bound states formation. Finally, we discuss the connection of our results to the electronic density of states spectra measured in the layered 1T-TaS 2 . We point out that a quantum spin liquid with a quasibound state in the upper Hubbard band can give the density of states spectra similar to the one measured in the experiment.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nanophotonic quantum sensing with engineered spin-optic coupling

Nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond provide a spin-based qubit system with long coherence time even at room temperature, making them suitable ambient-condition quantum sensors for quantities including electromagnetic fields, temperature, and rotation. The optically addressable level structures of NV spins allow transduction of spin information onto light-field intensity. The sub-optimal readout fidelity of conventional fluorescence measurement remains a significant drawback for room-temperature ensemble sensing. Here, we discuss nanophotonic interfaces that provide opportunities to achieve near-unity readout fidelity based on IR absorption via resonantly enhanced spin-optic coupling. Spin-coupled resonant nanophotonic devices are projected to particularly benefit applications that utilize micro- to nanoscale sensing volume and to outperform present methods in their volume-normalized sensitivity.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2001

The Plasma Wave Environment of Europa

The Galileo spacecraft has executed nine close flybys of Jupiter's moon Europa for which plasma wave observations were obtained. This paper presents an analysis of the observations from these flybys taking into consideration the variable geometry of the trajectories in an attempt to characterize the general plasma-wave environment associated with the interaction of the Jovian magnetosphere with the moon. A wide variety of plasma-wave phenomena are found to be associated with this interaction. While there are apparently temporal variations which complicate the analysis, a crude model of the distribution of these phenomena around Europa is derived. Primarily on the upstream side of Europa, and working inward to the moon, electron-cyclotron harmonics are first observed, followed by a region within about two Europa radii of the moon with whistler-mode hiss or chorus, and culminating in a region closest to the moon where a band at the upper hybrid resonance frequency is sometimes enhanced over its ambient intensity. The wake region is approximately two Europa radii across and comprises a broadband, highly variable, and bursty electrostatic phenomenon. Upon closer inspection, these bursty emissions appear as solitary structures similar to those in Earth's auroral zone and plasma sheet boundary layer. In addition to the survey of wave phenomena in the vicinity of Europa, we provide density profiles derived primarily from the upper hybrid resonance frequency which is readily apparent throughout most of each of the flybys. Finally, we suggest that the whistler mode, electron cyclotron harmonic, and upper hybrid resonance emissions are driven by some combination of factors including variations in the magnetic field near Europa and the loss and production of plasma at Europa as a result of the interaction of the Jovian magnetosphere with the moon. By analogy with studies of the ion and electron holes and broadband electrostatic noise at Earth and Jupiter, we argue that the electrostatic solitary structures in the wake are associated with currents and beams coupling Europa to Jupiter's ionosphere.

Kurth, W. S.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Amplifying Nanoparticle Reinforcement through Low Volume Topologically Controlled Chemical Coupling

Here, we present a streamlined method to covalently bond hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CNOH) within a polyphenol matrix, all achieved through a direct, solvent-free process. Employing an extremely small concentration of CNOH (0.01% w/w) along with topologically contrasting linkers led to a maximum of 5-fold increase in modulus and a 25% enhancement in tensile strength compared to the unaltered matrix, an order of magnitude greater reinforcement (w/w) compared to state-of-the-art melt-processed nanocomposites. Through dynamic mechanical analysis, low field solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, we uncovered the profound influence of linker’s conformational degrees of freedom on the segmental dynamics and therefore the material’s properties.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Stabilization of three-dimensional charge order through interplanar orbital hybridization in Pr x Y 1–x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ

The shape of 3d-orbitals often governs the electronic and magnetic properties of correlated transition metal oxides. In the superconducting cuprates, the planar confinement of the d x 2 –y 2 orbital dictates the two-dimensional nature of the unconventional superconductivity and a competing charge order. Achieving orbital-specific control of the electronic structure to allow coupling pathways across adjacent planes would enable direct assessment of the role of dimensionality in the intertwined orders. Using Cu L 3 and Pr M 5 resonant x-ray scattering and first-principles calculations, we report a highly correlated three-dimensional charge order in Pr-substituted YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , where the Pr f-electrons create a direct orbital bridge between CuO 2 planes. With this we demonstrate that interplanar orbital engineering can be used to surgically control electronic phases in correlated oxides and other layered materials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Quantitative structure parameters from the NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei

Here, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most important characterization tools in chemistry, however, 3/4 of the NMR active nuclei are underutilized due to their quadrupolar nature. This short review centers on the development of methods that use solid-state NMR of quadrupolar nuclei for obtaining quantitative structural information. Namely, techniques using dipolar recoupling as well as the resolution afforded by double-rotation are presented for the measurement of spin–spin coupling between quadrupoles, enabling the measurement of internuclear distances and connectivities.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
NASA NTRS1987

A new hydrodynamic analysis of double layers

A genuine two-fluid model of plasmas with collisions permits the calculation of dynamic (not necessarily static) electric fields and double layers inside of plasmas including oscillations and damping. For the first time a macroscopic model for coupling of electromagnetic and Langmuir waves was achieved with realistic damping. Starting points were laser-produced plasmas showing very high dynamic electric fields in nonlinear force-produced cavitous and inverted double layers in agreement with experiments. Applications for any inhomogeneous plasma as in laboratory or in astrophysical plasmas can then be followed up by a transparent hydrodynamic description. Results are the rotation of plasmas in magnetic fields and a new second harmonic resonance, explanation of the measured inverted double layers, explanation of the observed density-independent, second harmonics emission from laser-produced plasmas, and a laser acceleration scheme by the very high fields of the double layers.

Hora, Heinrich↗
DOE OSTI2015

Low temperature magnetic properties and spin dynamics in single crystals of Cr{sub 8}Zn antiferromagnetic molecular rings

A detailed experimental investigation of the effects giving rise to the magnetic energy level structure in the vicinity of the level crossing (LC) at low temperature is reported for the open antiferromagnetic molecular ring Cr{sub 8}Zn. The study is conducted by means of thermodynamic techniques (torque magnetometry, magnetization and specific heat measurements) and microscopic techniques (nuclear magnetic resonance line width, nuclear spin lattice, and spin-spin relaxation measurements). The experimental results are shown to be in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations based on a minimal spin model Hamiltonian, which includes a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The first ground state level crossing at μ{sub 0}H{sub c1} = 2.15 T is found to be an almost true LC while the second LC at μ{sub 0}H{sub c2} = 6.95 T has an anti-crossing gap of Δ{sub 12} = 0.19 K. In addition, both NMR and specific heat measurements show the presence of a level anti-crossing between excited states at μ{sub 0}H = 4.5 T as predicted by the theory. In all cases, the fit of the experimental data is improved by introducing a distribution of the isotropic exchange couplings (J), i.e., using a J strain model. The peaks at the first and second LCs in the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate are dominated by inelastic scattering and a value of Γ ∼ 10{sup 10} rad/s is inferred for the life time broadening of the excited state of the open ring, due to spin phonon interaction. A loss of NMR signal (wipe-out effect) is observed for the first time at LC and is explained by the enhancement of the spin-spin relaxation rate due to the inelastic scattering.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Resonant intersubband plasmon induced current in InGaAs quantum wells on GaAs

We present measurements of the current enhancement due to the coupling of two intersubband plasmons in In{sub 0.05}Ga{sub 0.95}As quantum wells. With changing bias, an emissive and an absorptive intersubband plasmon mode cross attractively and trapped electrons in the ground state gain enough energy from the plasma wave to be lifted up to the second subband, where they can contribute to the current. This effect can be directly observed as an increase of 33% in the current. A magnetic field applied parallel to the growth direction allows a control of the strength of the intersubband plasmon coupling up to a quenching.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Rigid Core Anthracene and Anthraquinone Linked Nitronyl and Iminoyl Nitroxide Biradicals

The first syntheses of bis(nitronyl nitroxide) and bis(iminoyl nitroxide) (diNN, diIN) biradicals linked through rigid acene core conjugating anthracene (A) and anthraquinone (AQ) units are reported. Computational modeling predicts weak intramolecular exchange in AQ-linked systems, but A-linked biradicals to have ground state multiplicities consistent with the Borden-Davidson disjointness model. Solution electron spin resonance spectra showed inter-radical exchange-coupled triplet states, except for 2,6-AQ biradicals showing isolated spin spectra. Crystallography of the A-linked biradicals shows a key role for inter-radical contacts for molecular packing. DiINs showed lower-dimensional dyad packing with disorder at the radical units: the conformationally more symmetrical diNNs gave staircase one-dimensional or brickwork two-dimensional lattices. Core anthracene unit stacking was only seen in two systems with bromine on the central anthracene ring: the (large) bromine occupies alternate side placement in dyad stacks for the diIN, chain stacks for the diNN. Magnetism of 2,7-A-linked systems showed predominant ferromagnetic intramolecular triplet-singlet splitting of 24–28 K for diNNs and 8 K for diINs, plus weak antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions from intermolecular contacts. Furthermore, the 2,6-A-linked biradicals showed AFM exchange between spins. Both A and AQ cores offer possibilities for electronic material development, with a combination of multiple radical spins and π-electron-rich acene cores.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Magnetic Ordering in Gold Nanoclusters

Here, several research groups have observed magnetism in monolayer-protected gold-cluster samples, but the results were often contradictory and thus a clear understanding of this phenomenon is still missing. We used Au 25 (SCH 2 CH 2 Ph) 18 0 , which is a paramagnetic cluster that can be prepared with atomic precision and whose structure is known precisely. Previous magnetometry studies only detected paramagnetism. We used samples representing a range of crystallographic orders and studied their magnetic behaviors by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). As a film, Au 25 (SCH 2 CH 2 Ph) 18 0 displays paramagnetic behavior but, at low temperature, ferromagnetic interactions are detectable. One or few single crystals undergo physical reorientation with the applied field and display ferromagnetism, as detected through hysteresis experiments. A large collection of microcrystals is magnetic even at room temperature and shows distinct paramagnetic, superparamagnetic, and ferromagnetic behaviors. Simulation of the EPR spectra shows that both spin-orbit coupling and crystal distortion are important to determine the observed magnetic behaviors. DFT calculations carried out on single cluster and periodic models predict values of spin6orbit coupling and crystal6splitting effects in agreement with the EPR derived quantities. Magnetism in gold nanoclusters is thus demonstrated to be the outcome of a very delicate balance of factors. To obtain reproducible results, the samples must be (i) controlled for composition and thus be monodispersed with atomic precision, (ii) of known charge state, and (iii) well defined also in terms of crystallinity and experimental conditions. This study highlights the efficacy of EPR spectroscopy to provide a molecular understanding of these phenomena

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Single crystal growth of iridates without platinum impurities

Iridates have attracted much interest in the last decade for their novel magnetism emerging in the limit of strong spin-orbit coupling and possible unconventional superconductivity. A standard for growing iridate single crystals has been the flux method using platinum crucibles. Here, in this work, we show that this widely used method compromises the sample quality by inclusion of platinum impurities. We find that Sr 2 ⁢IrO 4 single crystals grown in iridium crucibles show remarkable differences from those grown in platinum crucibles in their sample characterizations using Raman spectroscopy, resistivity, magnetization, optical third harmonic generation, resonant x-ray diffraction, and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements. In particular, we show that several peaks of sizable intensities disappear in the Raman spectra of samples free of platinum impurities, and a significantly larger activation energy is extracted from the resistivity data compared to previously reported values. Furthermore, we find no evidence of the previously reported glide-symmetry-breaking structural distortions and confirm the I⁢ 4 1 / acd space group of the lattice symmetry. Although the platinum impurities are not apparent in the magnetic properties and thus went unnoticed in the stoichiometric insulating phase for a long time, their effects can be much more detrimental to transport properties in chemically doped compounds. Therefore, our result suggests using growth methods that avoid platinum impurities for an investigation of the intrinsic physical properties of iridates, and possible superconducting phases.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Matrix isolation ESR spectroscopy and magnetic anisotropy of D{sub 3h} symmetric septet trinitrenes

The fine-structure (FS) parameters D of a series of D{sub 3h} symmetric septet trinitrenes were analyzed theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and compared with the experimental D values derived from ESR spectra. ESR studies show that D{sub 3h} symmetric septet 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrenobenzene with D=-0.0957 cm{sup -1} and E= 0 cm{sup -1} is the major paramagnetic product of the photolysis of 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene in solid argon matrices at 15 K. Trinitrenes of this type display in the powder X-band ESR spectra intense Z{sub 1}-transition at very low magnetic fields, the position of which allows one to precisely calculate the parameter D of such molecules. Thus, our revision of the FS parameters of well-known 1,3,5-tricyano-2,4,6-trinitrenobenzene [E. Wasserman, K. Schueller, and W. A. Yager, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2, 259 (1968)] shows that this trinitrene has Double-Vertical-Line D Double-Vertical-Line = 0.092 cm{sup -1} and E= 0 cm{sup -1}. DFT calculations reveal that, unlike C{sub 2v} symmetric septet trinitrenes, D{sub 3h} symmetric trinitrenes have the same orientations of the spin-spin coupling tensor D-caret{sub SS} and the spin-orbit coupling tensor D-caret{sub SOC} and, as a result, have negative signs for both the D{sub SS} and D{sub SOC} values. The negative magnetic anisotropy of septet 2,4,6-trinitrenobenzenes is considerably strengthened on introduction of heavy atoms in the molecules, owing to an increase in contributions of various excitation states to the D{sub SOC} term.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma characterization by X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray imaging

An experimental campaign aiming to investigate electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma X-ray emission has been recently carried out at the ECRISs—Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources laboratory of Atomki based on a collaboration between the Debrecen and Catania ECR teams. In a first series, the X-ray spectroscopy was performed through silicon drift detectors and high purity germanium detectors, characterizing the volumetric plasma emission. The on-purpose developed collimation system was suitable for direct plasma density evaluation, performed “on-line” during beam extraction and charge state distribution characterization. A campaign for correlating the plasma density and temperature with the output charge states and the beam intensity for different pumping wave frequencies, different magnetic field profiles, and single-gas/gas-mixing configurations was carried out. The results reveal a surprisingly very good agreement between warm-electron density fluctuations, output beam currents, and the calculated electromagnetic modal density of the plasma chamber. A charge-coupled device camera coupled to a small pin-hole allowing X-ray imaging was installed and numerous X-ray photos were taken in order to study the peculiarities of the ECRIS plasma structure.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Order-parameter evolution in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase

Here, we report on the temperature dependence of the spatially modulated spin-polarization amplitude ΔK spin , which is a hallmark of the superconducting Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. For that, we use 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy performed on the organic conductor β" -(ET) 2 SF 5 CH 2 CF 2 SO 3 . From a comparison of our experimental results to a comprehensive modeling of the 13 C NMR spectra, we determine the evolution of ΔK spin upon condensation of the FFLO state. Further, the modeling of the spectra in the superconducting phase allows to quantify the decrease of the average spin susceptibility, stemming from the spin-singlet coupling of the superconducting electron pairs in the FFLO state of β" -(ET) 2 SF 5 CH 2 CF 2 SO 3 .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Decoupled recovery of energy and momentum with correction of n = 2 error fields

Experiments applying known n = 2 “proxy” error fields (EFs) find that the rotation braking introduced by the proxy EF cannot be completely alleviated through optimal n = 2 correction with poorly matched poloidal spectra. This imperfect performance recovery demonstrates the importance of correcting multiple components of the n = 2 field spectrum and is in contrast to previous results with n = 1 EFs despite similar execution. Measured optimal n = 2 proxy EF correction currents are consistent with those required to null dominant mode coupling to the resonant surfaces and minimize the neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque, calculated using ideal MHD plasma response computation. Unlike rotation braking, density pumpout can be fully corrected despite poorly matched spectra, indicating density pumpout is driven only by a single component proportional to the resonant coupling. Through precise n = 2 spectral control density pumpout and rotation braking can thus be decoupled. Rotation braking with n = 2 fields is also found to be proportional to the level of concurrent toroidal rotation, consistent with NTV theory. Lastly, plasmas with modest countercurrent rotation are insensitive to the n = 2 field with neither rotation braking nor density pumpout observed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗