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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Integrating Marine Hydrokinetic and Offshore Wind Energy: A Review of Technologies, Deployment, and Challenges

Together, offshore wind (OSW) and marine hydrokinetic (MHK) technologies have vast potential to expand the world’s access to abundant energy resource. With more than 60 GW of offshore wind energy capacity and 527 MW of ocean energy deployed globally by 2023, there is a significant amount of available resources; however, technical and non-technical challenges prevent the combined large-scale deployment of these technologies. There is still a lack of research that provides a parallel review of both MHK and OSW technologies in order to better understand their synergistic working principles. This paper aimed to address that research gap by presenting a comprehensive side-by-side review of the worldwide technological landscape, global deployment trends, integration strategies, and modeling approaches for MHK and OSW. A particular focus has been given on analyzing existing modeling and simulation techniques, assessing integration and control strategies, and comparing technologies based on water depth. Furthermore, this study provides important insights into the readiness levels of both technologies by highlighting ongoing international projects. By addressing these issues, this review will give researchers and industry stakeholders an outline for assessing the maturity of OSW and MHK systems and facilitating their transition to large-scale, sustainable deployment.

16 - TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Decentralized Market Mechanism for Energy Communities under Operating Envelopes

Here, we propose an operating envelopes (OEs) aware energy community market mechanism that dynamically charges/rewards its members based on two-part pricing. The OEs are imposed exogenously by a regulated distribution system operator (DSO) on the energy community's revenue meter and is subject to a generalized net energy metering (NEM) tariff design. By formulating the interaction of the community operator and its members as a Stackelberg game, we show that the proposed two-part pricing achieves a Nash equilibrium and maximizes the community's social welfare in a decentralized fashion while ensuring that the community's operation abides by the OEs. The market mechanism conforms with the cost-causation principle and guarantees community members a surplus level no less than their maximum surplus when they autonomously face the DSO. The dynamic and uniform community price is a monotonically decreasing function of the community's aggregate renewable generation. We also analyze the impact of exogenous parameters such as NEM rates and OEs on the value of joining the community. Lastly, through numerical studies, we showcase the community's welfare, and pricing, and compare its members' surplus to customers under the DSO's regime.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

Approaches to attributing underwater noise to a wave energy converter

Radiated noise from marine energy harvesting is of environmental and engineering interest. Here, drifting hydrophones measure underwater noise in the vicinity of a relatively small wave energy converter. A statistical approach is demonstrated for attributing range-dependent, commonly occurring sounds in the frequency band from 90 to 600 Hz. Time-delay-of-arrival localization is then demonstrated for attribution of individual acoustic events likely associated with the power takeoff and wave-hull interactions. Because the radiated noise from the wave energy converter falls below ambient levels at a range of approximately 150 m, it is unlikely to substantially affect marine life at greater distance.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2025

A precise measurement of the jet energy scale derived from single-particle measurements and in situ techniques in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The jet energy calibration and its uncertainties are derived from measurements of the calorimeter response to single particles in both data and Monte Carlo simulation using proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 at the Large Hadron Collider. The jet calibration uncertainty for anti-$k_T$ jets with a jet radius parameter of R$_\textrm{jet} = 0.4$ and in the central jet rapidity region is about 2.5% for transverse momenta ($p_{\text {T}}$) of 20 $\text {GeV}$ , about 0.5% for $p_{\text {T}} = 300$ GeV and 0.7% for $p_{\text {T}} = 4$ TeV . Excellent agreement is found with earlier determinations obtained from -balance based in situ methods ($Z/\gamma$ +jets). The combination of these two independent methods results in the most precise jet energy measurement achieved so far with the ATLAS detector with a relative uncertainty of 0.3% at $p_\textrm{T} = 300$ GeV and 0.6% at 4 TeV. The jet energy calibration is also derived with the single-particle calorimeter response measurements separately for quark- and gluon-induced jets and furthermore for jets with R jet varying from 0.2 to 1.0 retaining the correlations between these measurements. Differences between inclusive jets and jets from boosted top-quark decays, with and without grooming the soft jet constituents, are also studied.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) Instrument Handbook

A Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) has been installed collocated with each deployed ECOR system at the Southern Great Plains (SGP), North Slope of Alaska (NSA), Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), ARM Mobile Facility 1 (AMF1), and ARM Mobile Facility 2 (AMF2). The surface energy balance system consists of upwelling and downwelling solar and infrared radiometers within one net radiometer, a wetness sensor, and soil measurements. The SEBS measurements allow the comparison of ECOR sensible and latent heat fluxes with the energy balance determined from the SEBS and provide information on wetting of the sensors for data quality purposes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Safely Exploring Solar: A Guide for Austin Energy Customers

It's easy to get overwhelmed as you start to explore your solar options. There is a wealth of information available out there, particularly online, and it can be hard to know who to trust. This informational guide has been adapted from Austin Energy's Solar Education Course and other national best practice resources, as of May 1, 2023. It will help you understand some of the key concepts and resources available to help you on your solar journey if you have a home in Austin Energy's service territory and are considering installing solar. This document includes: (1) Austin Energy Programs and Services Related to Solar; (2) Tips for Spotting a Solar Scam; (3) Things to Know When Designing Your System; (4) Key Considerations When Shopping for a Solar Contractor; and (5) Final Takeaways.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Louisville Communities LEAP Engagement: Improving Energy Efficiency in Affordable Housing

This report is a comprehensive summary of the related workstreams pursued through the Communities Local Energy Action Program (Communities LEAP) pilot Technical Assistance (TA) program in Louisville, Kentucky. It begins with an analysis around energy efficiency technologies, focused on building envelope improvements, that explores the impact to individual residents as well as the impact to the community at-large if the upgrades were adopted city-wide. Community benchmarking ordinances and complementary policies are considered next, including comparisons of programs with peer communities. A workforce development section then covers the state of Louisville's workforce today and identifies programs in peer communities that Louisville could consider emulating to achieve a "right-sized" workforce. The document closes out with an overview of policies around energy efficiency in peer communities that Louisville could explore, with considerations for the City's unique policy context.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Biomimicry in Clean Energy Futures: Workshop Report

On July 25, 2023, PNNL hosted a workshop to explore the potential for biomimicry – looking to nature and biology for solutions to human engineering challenges – to support clean energy futures and associated research. Participants represented a range of technical expertise ranging from ecological modeling to cyber-security. Workshop supporting material featured a literature review of biomimetic approaches in all renewable energy technologies and inspired from all kingdoms of life. Participants noted clear contrasts between natural design strategies and clean energy deployment and the electric grid. They also agreed that biomimicry offered a rich area of research potential but lacked definitive benefits or results in commercialization phases.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Integration Framework: Regulatory Innovation for DER Compensation and Cost Allocation

Existing regulatory approaches to DER lack the precision and granularity necessary to ensure that DER can continue to scale in a cost-effective manner that is aligned with the public interest. To address this need, with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Electricity, Berkeley Lab and Current Energy Group developed an illustrative regulatory framework. By adopting a technology-neutral and modular approach, the framework enables flexibility and scalability for DER providers, utilities, and regulators. Clear price signals and incentives encourage the provision of valuable grid services, while equitable cost allocation promotes efficient use of distribution capacity and interconnection resources. This approach mirrors traditional ratemaking principles for importing customers and positions DERs as integral components of a dynamic and cost-effective energy future.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

Understanding and controlling the fundamental photochemistry of protonic solar energy conversion (Final Scientific/Technical Report)

The selectivity and activity of most fuel-forming reactions are tunable by the concentration of electrons, holes, protons, and/or hydroxides. That is one reason why traditional solar energy conversion processes are used to drive these reactions, where light directly increases the concentration of electrons and holes. We, instead, took a different approach, using light to increase the concentration of protons and/or hydroxides. For this, we leveraged photophysical and solid-state physics theories, techniques, and design strategies previously developed for the study of traditional solar energy conversion processes. We designed and fabricated several materials platforms based on molecular photoacid and photobase dyes coupled with ion-exchange polymer membranes and assessed their fundamental photoelectrochemistry. We demonstrated control over built-in electric potentials, photovoltages, proton-transfer kinetics, and efficiency limits to our approach. Understanding the basic science of these dye-sensitized protonic membranes and their photochemical mechanisms is of use to the DOE-relevant processes of solar photochemical fuel formation, solar photodialytic desalination, and solar cells. Moreover, functional materials that we developed from this project may be of use to several broad-reaching fields and may provide the foundation for a completely new, inexpensive, and robust solar energy conversion technology.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mauka Energy FEVER Tool DOE SBIR Phase 1 Final Scientific/Technical Report

This report is on the Forestry Electric Vehicle Energy Routing (FEVER) Tool, a novel software system developed to support heavy-duty electric vehicle (EV) operations in remote, forested, and mountainous regions. The Phase I project aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling EV energy consumption using terrain elevation, road conditions, and route features specific to forestry logistics. The tool combines geographic information systems (GIS), electric motor physics, and vehicle-specific data to calculate feasible, energy-efficient routes. Collaborations with Oregon State University’s Research Forests and Titan Freight Systems enabled collection and validation of GPS and elevation-based trip data. The FEVER Tool offers substantial opportunities for the efficient management of medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles in sectors like forestry, agriculture, mining, defense and waste management—areas which are beginning to adopt HDEVs. The project demonstrated technical feasibility and lays the groundwork for commercial development and deployment in other industries and environmental conditions in Phase II.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Energy Cost Estimate Tool v2.0: Methodology and Usage

Information about home energy costs is essential for appraisers, lenders, and buyers, but reliable data are often unavailable in real estate transactions. To fill this gap, the National Laboratory of the Rockies developed the Energy Cost Estimate (ECE) tool. The tool provides flexible, data-driven estimates of annual household energy use and costs across the contiguous United States, using only a small number of inputs typically found in mortgage appraisals. This report presents the methodology behind version 2.0 of the ECE tool, demonstrates how users can generate estimates through its interface, and discusses its applications and limitations.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Innovations Driven by Advanced Characterization to Strategize Critical Mineral Production and Beneficial Reuse from Fossil Energy Waste

Critical minerals (CM), such as rare earth elements (REE), cobalt, nickel, and lithium, have important uses in modern electronics and advanced manufacturing, yet are vulnerable to potential supply chain disruptions. Relatively abundant and readily available fossil energy (FE) wastes, such as coal combustion ash, acid mine drainage (AMD) and treatment solids (AMD solids), and Oil and Gas (O&G) drilling wastes (drill cuttings and produced waters) are under consideration as CM feedstocks. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has studied CM resources for various FE wastes as part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s mission of bolstering the domestic CM supply, and makes the data available to the public on EDX at sites such as the NEWTS group. Advanced characterization utilizing synchrotron x-ray techniques coupled with laboratory extractions has been performed to identify CM hosting phases in these FE wastes to inform CM recoverability mechanisms. Novel methods to selectively recover CMs while co-producing other valuable byproducts have been developed. Successful examples discussed here include: (1) The identification of REE/Co/Ni/Sc binding and hosting phases in select FE waste (coal combustion ash and AMD solids), resulting in the development of a patented CM step-extraction process, (2) coupled production of functional sorbents from these extraction wastes and for CM recovery. A pilot-scale testing to evaluate the patent’s technical feasibility for extracting REE from coal ash on a barrel scale has been successfully performed. Additionally, (3) evaluation and measurements of brine geochemistry from U.S. O&G produced waters has informed a high Li recovery potential from Marcellus Shale produced water. NETL researchers have been developing tailored pre-treatment processes, an innovative and highly durable lithium sorbent, and geochemical model guided precipitation to accelerate Li production from the Marcellus Shale produced waters. These innovations driven by characterization are integral for maximizing and advancing the potential for CM recovery while offsetting the cost and environmental footprint for FE waste management.

critical mineral processing↗
DOE OSTI2026

Connecting agriculture and renewable energy: insights into microclimatic changes, physiological, biochemical, and yield responses under agrivoltaics: a review

Agrivoltaics, the synergistic integration of agriculture and solar energy production on the same piece of land, has emerged as a compelling dual-use solution that maximizes land productivity while simultaneously addressing the need for sustainable agricultural practices and renewable energy generation. Despite the growing global interest in this dual-use system, the microclimatic shifts created beneath solar panels and their consequences for crop performance remain insufficiently synthesized. This review highlights the intricate interactions between agrivoltaics systems and plant microclimates, discussing their impacts on various physiological processes, metabolic pathways, and overall yield responses in different crop species. Evidence indicates that moderated light intensity and altered microclimates can enhance water-use efficiency, stabilize photosynthetic function, and trigger beneficial metabolic adjustments; however, responses remain highly species-specific and strongly dependent on regional climate conditions and panel configuration. Yield outcomes vary widely among vegetables, cereals, pulses, and fruit crops, highlighting the necessity for tailored agronomic strategies and crop selection within agrivoltaic designs. A critical knowledge gap identified in this review concerns the limited understanding of molecular and omics-level responses underlying plant adaptation to agrivoltaic environments. We further provide a detailed and interdisciplinary overview of adaptive agronomic strategies, and optimal crop selection, tailored to agrivoltaic systems. Despite the benefits of land use efficiency and simultaneous food and energy production, challenges remain concerning initial investment, technological adaptation, social and legal barriers, and shade-induced yield penalties. Further research in this area will be critical to enhancing the agricultural, environmental, and economic sustainability of agrivoltaics while simultaneously augmenting their practical utility and appeal to farmers in the future.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Energy 101: Solar [Slides]

The Energy 101: Solar presentation, developed for the Energy Technology Innovation Partnership Project (ETIPP), provides an overview of solar energy. It covers fundamental concepts, designs, solar for different scales and use cases, and additional resources.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Energy 101 - Wind [Slides]

The Energy 101: Wind presentation, developed for the Energy Technology Innovation Partnership Project (ETIPP), provides an overview of wind energy. It covers fundamental concepts, technologies, considerations, case studies, and additional resources.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Building Energy Analysis of Manufactured and Multifamily Housing Types in Juneau, Alaska

This report details the results of building energy modeling analysis evaluating the potential energy savings, economic outcomes, and grid-level electricity reduction associated with cold climate air source heat pump (ccASHP) adoption across multifamily and manufactured housing (MMFH) building typologies in the City and Borough of Juneau (CBJ). Three building archetypes were evaluated: multifamily 4-plex apartments, multifamily 8-plex apartments, and manufactured housing units. Building energy models were developed using OpenStudio-HPXML and calibrated to actual utility consumption data and local meteorological data from the Juneau International Airport weather station using an automated calibration tool following the BPI-2400-S-2015 v.2 standard for model calibration. Occupant behaviors present the greatest variability in successful calibrations. Calibrated models were benchmarked against a baseline electric resistance heating condition, with the selected ccASHP modeled as the retrofit condition and typical meteorological year weather data for all results generation.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗