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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Exploring New Physics Beyond the Standard Model: Final Technical Report

This grant in 2015 to 2016 was for support in the area of theoretical High Energy Physics. The research supported focused mainly on the energy frontier, but it also has connections to both the cosmic and intensity frontiers. Lian-Tao Wang (PI) focused mainly on signal of new physics at colliders. The year 2015 - 2016, covered by this grant, has been an exciting period of digesting the influx of LHC data, understanding its meaning, and using it to refine strategies for deeper exploration. The PI proposed new methods of searching for new physics at the LHC, such as for the compressed stops. He also investigated in detail the signal of composite Higgs models, focusing on spin-1 composite resonances in the di-boson channel. He has also considered di-photon as a probe for such models. He has also made contributions in formulating search strategies of dark matter at the LHC, resulting in two documents with recommendations. The PI has also been active in studying the physics potential of future colliders, including Higgs factories and 100 TeV pp colliders. He has given comprehensive overview of the physics potential of the high energy proton collider, and outline its luminosity targets. He has also studied the use of lepton colliders to probe fermionic Higgs portal and bottom quark couplings to the Z boson.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Exploring Electric Polarization Mechanisms in Multiferroic Oxides

Multiferroic oxides are a class of systems which exhibit coupling between the electrical polarization and the magnetization. These materials show promise to lead to devices in which ferromagnetic memory can be written with magnetic fields or magnetic bits can be written by an electric field. The work conducted in our research focuses on single phase materials. We studied the detailed coupling of the spin and lattice correlations in these systems. In the first phase of the proposal, we explored the complex spin spiral systems and low temperature behavior of hexagonal layered REMnO 3 (RE= rare earth, Y and Sc) system following the detailed structural changes which occurred on crossing into the magnetic states. The techniques were applied to other layered materials such as superconductors and thermoelectric where the same layered motif exists. The second phase of the proposal focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in the onset high temperature ferroelectricity ion hexagonal REMnO 3 and at low temperature in E-Type magnetic ordered perovskite REMnO 3 . We wsynthesized preovskite small A site multiferroics by high pressure and high temperature methods. Detailed measurement of the structural properties and dynamics were conducted over a range of length scales from atomic to mesoscopic scale using, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray diffuse scattering, x-ray and neutron pair distribution analysis and high resolution x-ray diffraction. Changes in vibration modes which occur with the onset of polarization were probed with temperature and pressure dependent infrared absorption spectroscopy. In addition the orthorhombic system (small radius RE ions) which is believed to exhibit electronically driven ferroelectricity and is also not understood was examined. The multiple length scale synchrotron based measurements may assist in developing more detailed models of these materials and possibly lead to device applications. The experimental work was complemented by density functional methods to determine the magnetic ground states and ab initio molecular dynamics methods (AIMD) to determine the high temperature structures. Simulation were carried out on supercomputers at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). An important contribution of this work was the training of graduate students and postdoctoral researchers in materials synthesis, high pressure methods and synchrotron based spectroscopy and x-ray scattering techniques.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Exploring the energy benefits of advanced water metering

Recent improvements to advanced water metering and communications technologies have the potential to improve the management of water resources and utility infrastructure, benefiting both utilities and ratepayers. The highly granular, near-real-time data and opportunity for automated control provided by these advanced systems may yield operational benefits similar to those afforded by similar technologies in the energy sector. While significant progress has been made in quantifying the water-related benefits of these technologies, the research on quantifying the energy benefits of improved water metering is underdeveloped. Some studies have quantified the embedded energy in water in California, however these findings are based on data more than a decade old, and unanimously assert that more research is needed to further explore how topography, climate, water source, and other factors impact their findings. In this report, we show how water-related advanced metering systems may present a broader and more significant set of energy-related benefits. We review the open literature of water-related advanced metering technologies and their applications, discuss common themes with a series of water and energy experts, and perform a preliminary scoping analysis of advanced water metering deployment and use in California. We find that the open literature provides very little discussion of the energy savings potential of advanced water metering, despite the substantial energy necessary for water’s extraction, conveyance, treatment, distribution, and eventual end use. We also find that water AMI has the potential to provide water-energy co-efficiencies through improved water systems management, with benefits including improved customer education, automated leak detection, water measurement and verification, optimized system operation, and inherent water and energy conservation. Our findings also suggest that the adoption of these technologies in the water sector has been slow, due to structural economic and regulatory barriers. In California, we see examples of deployed advanced metering systems with demonstrated embedded energy savings through water conservation and leak detection. Finally, we also see substantial untapped opportunity in the agricultural sector for enabling electric demand response for both traditional peak shaving and more complex flexible and ancillary services through improved water tracking and farm automation.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

Workshop Report: International Workshop to Explore Synergies between Nuclear and Renewable Energy Sources as a Key Component in Developing Pathways to Decarbonization of the Energy Sector

An international workshop was organized in June 2016 to explore synergies between nuclear and renewable energy sources. Synergies crossing electricity, transportation, and industrial sectors were the focus of the workshop, recognizing that deep decarbonization will require efforts that go far beyond the electricity sector alone. This report summarizes the key points made within each presentation and highlights outcomes that were arrived at in the discussions.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Exploring the Use of Activity Patterns for Smart Monitoring of Nuclear Facilities

The world is at an inflection point where our ability to collect data now far outpaces our ability to make use of it. LANL has a number of efforts to help us pull more meaningful insights out of our data and target resources to where they will be most impactful. We are exploring an approach to recognizing activity patterns across disparate data streams for a more holistic view of nuclear facility monitoring.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

An exploration of Lasnex designs to support the MShock campaign at NIF

In support of planned MShock experiments at NIF, Lasnex is being used to explore possible laser sources and halfraum designs that launch two shocks into an ablator - shock tube configuration. Two design features were investigated: (1) launching a two-component laser source consisting of an early pre-pulse separated in time from a later main pulse, to create two shocks, and (2) adding a liner on the inner surface of the gold wall of the halfraum, to delay or prevent gold stagnation on-axis and to preserve the effectiveness of the second laser pulse. The clearest indication of two shocks propagating in the shock tube occurred when the pre-pulse mimicked a direct drive, achieved by re-pointing the inner beam cones, and when a liner was used to ensure that the free-electron number density was below the critical density for NIF. Additional simulations (presented in the Appendix) that used the two-component laser source but focused on specific choices in laser-pulse design space, as proposed by Kirk Flippo for use in the first MShock experiments at NIF, also demonstrated the presence of two shocks.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Exploring Deep Learning and Sparse Matrix Format Selection

We proposed to explore the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for addressing the longstanding barriers. The recent rapid progress of DNN technology has created a large impact in many fields, which has significantly improved the prediction accuracy over traditional machine learning techniques in image classifications, speech recognitions, machine translations, and so on. To some degree, these tasks resemble the decision makings in many HPC tasks, including the aforementioned format selection for SpMV and linear solver selection. For instance, sparse matrix format selection is akin to image classification—such as, to tell whether an image contains a dog or a cat; in both problems, the right decisions are primarily determined by the spatial patterns of the elements in an input. For image classification, the patterns are of pixels, and for sparse matrix format selection, they are of non-zero elements. DNN could be naturally applied if we regard a sparse matrix as an image and the format selection or solver selection as classification problems.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Exploring the Fundamental Origin of Cosmic Acceleration

This final report describes the work undertaken in the award 'Exploring the Fundamental Origin of Cosmic Acceleration' which considers a class of infrared modified theories of gravity, namely massive gravity, developed by the PI, and its extensions, which attempt to provide an alternative description for the late time cosmic acceleration. The program was concerned with the cosmological predictions of these theories, together with their consistency as quantum effective field theories. Some of the results of the program relate to the uniqueness and special properties of massive gravity theories, some discovered dualities, and cosmological and observational predictions such as bounds on the graviton mass.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Exploring Heterogeneous Multicore Architectures for Advanced Embedded Uncertainty Quantification

We explore rearrangements of classical uncertainty quantification methods with the aim of achieving higher aggregate performance for uncertainty quantification calculations on emerging multicore and many core architectures. We show a rearrangement of the stochastic Galerkin method leads to improved performance and scalability on several computational architectures whereby uncertainty information is propagated at the lowest levels of the simulation code improving memory access patterns, exposing new dimensions of fine grained parallelism, and reducing communication. We also develop a general framework for implementing such rearrangements for a diverse set of uncertainty quantification algorithms as well as computational simulation codes to which they are applied.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

The ISTI Rapid Response on Exploring Cloud Computing 2018

The Information Science & Technology Institute (ISTI), with partnering entities at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), regularly organizes and executes Rapid Response efforts in mission-relevant growth areas within information science. This report describes 18 projects conducted at LANL in response to a Rapid Response Familiarization call titled “Exploring Cloud Computing 2018.”

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Exploring Mars with Curiosity and its Laser

The 1-ton Curiosity rover has been exploring Gale crater on Mars since 2012. Its payload includes the ChemCam laser instrument, led by LANL. ChemCam uses the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to obtain remote elemental compositions of Mars rocks and soils. In this presentation I explain how we operate this instrument on Mars and what we have discovered.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Exploring New Frontiers in Kinetic Physics in Inertial Confinement Fusion

The original objective of this Truman LDRD project was to explore the use of novel wave-particle plasma interactions in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. However, the emergence of many exciting developments in the national ICF program, including the Sandia- led "MagLIF" effort, led to extensive reformulation of the LDRD objectives. In the spirit of the original proposal, the research purview was broadened to encompass all "kinetic" (i.e., non-hydrodynamic) phenomena relevant to ICF. Significant research accomplishments include: developing theory and modeling strategies describing nonlocal ion losses and fusion reactivity reduction in unique burning plasma assemblies, including magnetized and spatially-deformed plasmas; developing numerical and conceptual tools describing the relationship between fuel magnetization and nuclear reaction histories in magneto-inertial fusion and applying these tools to groundbreaking MagLIF experiments on Sandia's Z Facility; and developing detailed analytic theories of the stability of imploding targets and applying them to uncover increasingly stable platforms for magnetically-driven implosions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Transitioning the Transportation Sector: Exploring the Intersection of Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Natural Gas Vehicles

On September 9, 2014, Sandia National Laboratories, American Gas Association, and Toyota, in support of the U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cell Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices, convened stakeholders across the hydrogen and natural gas communities to consider opportunities and challenges at the intersection of their development as alternative transportation fuels. Although natural gas and hydrogen have an obvious intersection — natural gas is the feedstock for 95% of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. — little attention has been given to how these fuels can evolve in the context of each other. This workshop explored infrastructure requirements, regional trends, and market opportunities at the intersection of hydrogen fuel cell and natural gas use for on road transportation. The goal of the workshop was to provide background and context for thinking through the dynamic evolution of these two transportation options in tandem, and to identify opportunities that can support the synergistic development of both fuels.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Exploration of Ni and V Recovery from Petroleum By-Products (Abstract)

The primary objective of the project is to establish process procedures needed for the extraction and recovery of Nickel (Ni) and Vanadium (V) from U.S. petroleum wastes/by-products, with the goal of reducing U.S. dependence on imports of these materials that are critical in energy related applications. In this joint project, National Energy Technology Laboratory and Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited, will explore Ni and V process recovery parameters based on experimental data produced in the project - information which is not available in the literature but that is necessary to determine the economic viability of the proposed separation and recovery technology. Petroleum wastes/by-products are known to contain high levels of Ni and V. The approach being taken for Ni and V recovery is based on information contained in U.S. Utility Patent Application 15/428,817.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2020

Exploring Renewable Energy Opportunities in Select Southeast Asian Countries: A Geospatial Analysis of the Levelized Cost of Energy of Utility-Scale Wind and Solar Photovoltaics

The costs of renewable energy-based electricity generation have fallen precipitously in recent years to levels that are increasingly competitive with traditional generation such as fossil fuel-based generation. As these costs become increasingly competitive, private developers, policymakers, and energy system planners are searching for opportunities to harness high-quality renewable energy resources. Developing economies are setting ambitious targets and exploring how cost-effective, grid-connected renewable energy options can help power economic growth and meet growing electricity demands. This includes the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that are determined to reach a target of 23% of renewable energy in the region's total primary energy supply by 2025. A critical gap to identifying opportunities and scaling up renewable energy is the lack of quality data and analyses to support decisions on the investment and deployment of renewables - including wind and solar photovoltaics (PV). This work supports decision making by providing high-quality data and spatial analysis of the cost of utility-scale wind and solar PV generation in select countries of Southeast Asia - specifically, the ASEAN member states. Generation costs are expressed as the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) - a commonly used metric that represents the net present value of the unit cost of electricity during the lifetime of a particular electricity generation technology. This is the first spatial estimate of LCOE for these technologies within the ASEAN member states - providing insights into the roles that renewable energy resource quality and other factors may play in generation costs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Report on Exploration of New FeCrAl Heat Variants with Improved Properties

Mechanical and thermophysical properties of wrought FeCrAl base alloys with a concept of accident tolerant fuel (ATF) design for light water reactors (LWR) have been explored. A Gen. II wrought FeCrAl alloy C26M, nominally Fe-12Cr-6Al-2Mo-0.2Si-0.03Y in weight percent, is of interest in the current activities, which was downselected as one of the candidate ATF cladding materials. Major target of the current study is to find the effects of various minor alloying additions and their combinations on potential improvement of thin-wall, seamless tube producibility, without losing the expected mechanical and thermal properties in the final products.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗