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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Mechanistic modeling of lifetime distribution of SiC/SiC composite claddings

Silicon carbide (SiC) fiber-reinforced SiC matrix (SiC/SiC) composites have emerged as a new material candidate for fuel claddings in light water reactors. Recent studies showed that the load capacity of SiC/SiC materials exhibits a considerable statistical variation. Therefore, reliability analysis plays a critical role in design of SiC/SiC composite claddings. Here, this paper presents a probabilistic model for the lifetime distribution of SiC/SiC composites. The model is anchored by a multiaxial stress-based failure criterion and subcritical damage accumulation mechanism. Based on the kinetics of subcritical damage growth, the lifetime distribution of a laboratory test specimen for any given loading history can be calculated. A finite weakest-link model is used to extrapolate the lifetime distribution of test specimens to full-length claddings. It is shown that the damage accumulation mechanism has a strong influence on the lifetime distribution of the cladding. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the static fatigue behavior of SiC/SiC composites. The present analysis also demonstrates an intricate length effect on the failure probability of the cladding, which is expected to play a crucial role in design extrapolation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

The effects of carbonaceous inclusions and their distributions on dynamic failure processes in boron carbide ceramics

Commercially available boron carbide ceramics typically have heterogeneous microstructures that contain distributions of processing-induced inclusions. The inclusions that are rich in carbon (i.e., carbonaceous) govern the underlying mechanisms of brittle fracture through wing crack formation, and thus dictate the mechanical response of the ceramic. In this study, we investigate the dynamic failure of five boron carbide ceramic materials with different inclusion populations. All of the materials were prepared by hot-pressing; four of these boron carbides contained different sizes and concentrations of carbonaceous inclusions, while one contained no carbonaceous inclusions. The heterogeneity distributions were characterized in some detail for statistical analysis using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. A modified compression Kolsky bar setup with in situ ultra-high-speed microscopic imaging (10 million frames per second) was then used to study the influence of the inclusion distributions on the dynamic failure processes in these materials, at nominal high strain rates of 10 2 -10 3 s -1 . The in situ ultra-high-speed microscopy highlighted the link between micro and macroscale failure processes and demonstrated that the carbonaceous inclusions are indeed the preferential sites for nucleation of wing cracks, as previously hypothesized based on post-mortem observations. The relative orientation of an inclusion with respect to the compression axis was shown to affect the likelihood that it would participate in crack nucleation. In conclusion, all of the ceramics were also found to have orientation-dependent peak compressive stress, regardless of the presence of carbonaceous inclusions, suggesting that grain orientation distributions are also important.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Locally narrow droplet size distributions are ubiquitous in stratocumulus clouds

Marine stratocumulus clouds are the “global reflectors,” sharply contrasting with the underlying dark ocean surface and exerting a net cooling on Earth’s climate. The magnitude of this cooling remains uncertain in part owing to the averaged representation of microphysical processes, such as the droplet-to-drizzle transition in global climate models (GCMs). Current GCMs parameterize cloud droplet size distributions as broad, cloud-averaged gammas. Here, using digital holographic measurements of discrete stratocumulus cloud volumes, we found cloud droplet size distributions to be narrower at the centimeter scale, never resembling the cloud average. These local distributions tended to form pockets of similar-looking cloud regions, each characterized by a size distribution shape that is diluted to varying degrees. These observations open the way for new modeling representations of microphysical processes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Demonstration of a modeling toolkit for the design of building electrical distribution systems

The deployment of building equipment (e.g., lighting, security) and miscellaneous electrical loads that fundamentally require DC power for operation is increasing. Powering these DC loads has traditionally required an AC/DC converter, but the installation of photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems that primarily produce DC power eliminates the need for AC/DC converters at each end-device. However, analyzing system energy efficiency and cost for different electrical distribution architectures can be challenging as software tools that support this are not readily available. This paper presents preliminary results from a laboratory verification of the Building Electrical Efficiency Analysis Model (BEEAM) toolkit that was developed to address this gap. Three different eight-luminaire lighting systems comprised of market-available products were designed and modeled: one that used traditional AC distribution, a second that used a hybrid AC -to- centralized DC electrical distribution architecture, and a third that used a hybrid AC -to- distributed DC architecture. Notably, AC/DC conversions are required in all three systems. BEEAM models for LED drivers as well as Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) switches were created using laboratory characterization data. The lighting systems were simulated in Modelica, and the results were compared with each other and physics-based expectations. Simulation results show that PoE system energy efficiency is highly dependent on both device specification (e.g., LED driver and PoE switch efficiency) and system architecture (e.g., PoE switch loading) choices, as expected. For the products and system architectures selected for this study, the two DC systems were found to be less efficient than the AC system over the course of typical operation. In future work, simulation results will be compared with laboratory measurements to validate the usefulness of this software for design, and lighting systems with integrated PV and battery energy storage will be simulated to quantify the energy performance improvements that result from the elimination of some AC/DC converters.

Waghale, Anay S.↗
DOE OSTI2023

QuComm: Optimizing Collective Communication for Distributed Quantum Computing

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a scalable way to build a large-scale quantum computing system while the error-prone nonlocal communication between DQC nodes may heavily degrade the fidelity of the distributed quantum program and thus demands specific compiler optimizations. Previous compilers on DQC communication optimization either assumes unlimited communication resource or a few communication qubits due to the hardware limitation. The former compilers may not be efficient when interfacing with communication-resource-constrained DQC hardware while the latter compilers lose the opportunities of optimizing collective communication and routing concurrent communication as they unnecessarily couple limited communication qubits with the implementation of expensive inter-node operations. In this paper, we invent the communication buffer, a communication facility consisting of idle qubits in each compute node, to decouple the execution of inter-node quantum operations from communication qubits: communication qubits are devoted to generating inter-node entanglement while internode operations are conducted in the communication buffer. The communication buffer provides an intermediate layer for inter-node communication and paves the way for collective communication optimization. We then propose QuComm, a buffer-based compiler framework that first performs smart buffer allocation according to communication characteristics of the distributed quantum program and then optimizes and collectively routes inter-node quantum operations. Experimental results on a hierarchical DQC system show that the proposed QuComm can reduce the most expensive inter-node communication request and the latency of various distributed quantum programs by 50.4% and 47.6% on average, respectively.

Wu, Anbang↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hydrogen and Battery Storage Technologies for Low-Cost Energy Decarbonization in Distribution Networks

Deep energy decarbonization cannot be achieved without high penetration of renewables. At higher renewable energy penetrations, the variability and intermittent nature of solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity can cause ramping issues with existing fossil fuel generation, requiring longer term energy storage to increase the reliability of grid operation. Here, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer can produce H 2 and serves as a utility controllable load. The produced H 2 can then be stored and converted back into electricity, or mixed with natural gas, or used as transportation fuel, or chemical feedstock. This paper considers the perspective of the distribution system operator that operates the distributed energy resources on a standard IEEE 33-node distribution network considering the technical and physical constraints with the goal of minimizing total investment and operation cost. Different case studies, at very high PV penetrations are considered to show the challenges and path to net-zero emission energy production using H 2 energy. Sensitivity of utility PV costs and electrolyzer capital costs on producing H 2 at $\$1$ /kg are presented showing that the distribution network could produce 100% renewable electricity and H 2 could be produced at a cost of $\$1$ /kg by 2050 with conservative cost estimates and by 2030 with accelerated cost declines.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Impedance Response Influenced by Variability in the Random Distribution of Physical Properties of Coated Materials in Two-Dimensional Space

Heterogeneous physical characteristics of a system featuring a single-layer film on a metallic surface have been explored via its impedance response. The Nyquist plot showed a distorted semicircle, indicative of the system's unique distribution characteristics. Utilizing a copula-based probability method, a two-dimensional deterministic impedance model was successfully integrated, accounting for spatial physical properties such as permittivity and electrical conductivity. This strategy enabled in-depth exploration and mechanistic quantification of a broad spectrum of properties. A quantitative understanding of impedance signal alterations, characterized by normally or log-normally correlated variables, was achieved through the variation in aspect ratio and characteristic frequency of the impedance spectra. Log-normally distributed electrical properties provided a superior representation of the distorted impedance spectra. As coefficient of variation (CV) values fluctuated, the aspect ratio and characteristic frequency showed heightened sensitivity to log-normal permittivity compared to log-normal electrical conductivity. Notably, a marked positive linear correlation between electrical properties resulted in an impedance response that approximated perfect semicircular spectra. The variability in the electrical properties' distribution was demonstrated by considering the correlation coefficient between electrical conductivity and the z-direction position. Furthermore, the highest aspect ratio of the impedance spectra was observed when the electrical conductivity was randomly distributed across the z-direction space.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

MPC4CLR (Model-Predictive-Control-for-Critical-Load-Restoration-in-Power-Distribution-Systems) [SWR-22-24]

Model predictive control (MPC) is a system or process control technique for making decisions under uncertainty via rolling look-ahead optimizations at each control step where only the current step decisions are applied, and the rest are discarded. In this work, we developed an MPC for a critical load restoration (CLR) in power distribution systems to recover system service (electricity delivery) following an extreme event-triggered substation outage. The method considers the problem of controlling distributed energy resources (DERs) of the distribution system with the objective of achieving maximum load pick up while satisfying distribution network flow and voltage constraints. A linearized optimal power flow (OPF) model is employed to represent the physics of the network. The problem formulation is augmented with a ramping (up) reserve product for the DERs to ensure improved and upward monotonic load restoration as time evolves. Simulation analysis and performance tests are performed using a modified IEEE 13-bus test feeder integrated with wind, solar, microturbine, and energy storage battery. The software is developed using various software packages in Julia and Python. The MPC model is implemented using the JuMP optimization language in Julia while the data analytics including renewable generation and load demand forecasts, running the MPC simulation and visualizations is performed in Python.

Eseye, Abinet Tesfaye↗
DOE OSTI2022

Master State Distributed Estimator (masde)

The MSE technology provides a distributed state estimation scheme for power utilities by making it a real time dynamic system, versus the static snapshot method used today. This will allow utilities to verify power grid readings and identify false data on the communication network. The prevailing method of estimation takes all the data from the system into a single load flow equation at the utilities command center. This becomes a large algorithm that is very time consuming to solve, providing the engineers only snap shots of the system. The MFD distributes an algorithm to devises that are already installed at various locations on the power grid. This allows for much faster computer times because the algorithms contain magnitudes less data. When each distributed estimator completes its calculation, it sends the results back to the master device to check against all other distributed estimators.

Reen, DylanW.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Peer-to-Peer Energy Management System for Distributed Microgrid Coordination [SWR-21-92]

Resiliency is one of the key challenges in today's power system. Natural disasters and cyber-attacks both can limit communications between microgrids and the central management system. Thus, having a Distributed Microgrid Coordination (DMC) algorithm can improve the system resiliency, which enables the microgrids to operate without communication with the central management system. Peer-to-Peer Energy Management System for Distributed Microgrid Coordination adopts a primal-dual approach, where each microgrid controller keeps a local estimate of the dual variables. The estimate is updated with local measurements and peer-to-peer communication, leading to a fully distributed algorithm. While the DMC is developed for microgrid coordination, it can be used for general distributed control purpose.

Li, Yashen↗
DOE OSTI2025

Distribution Substation Planning Toolkit (dsp-toolkit) v1.0

The Distribution Substation Planning Toolkit (DSP Toolkit) is a software suite designed to streamline the planning and optimization of distribution substations. This toolkit offers a comprehensive set of tools and APIs for data curation, short-term electric load forecasting, and weather-sensitive load adjustment, making it an essential resource for utility companies, engineers, and researchers. Features • Data Preprocessing and Curation: Efficiently manage and preprocess large datasets to ensure high-quality input for analysis. • Short-Term Load Forecasting: Utilize data-driven models to predict short-term electric loads accurately. • Weather-Sensitive Modeling: Automatically adjust load forecasts based on weather data to predict future peak demands more precisely. Uses The DSP Toolkit is ideal for planning and optimizing distribution substations, providing a user-friendly interface and comprehensive documentation. It is suitable for both novice and experienced users, facilitating efficient and accurate planning processes. Advantages • Efficiency: Automates complex planning tasks, reducing manual effort and minimizing errors. • Scalability: Handles large datasets and complex models, making it suitable for large-scale projects. • Community and Support: Open-source with active community contributions, ensuring continuous improvement and support. • Extensibility: Easily extendable with custom modules and plugins, allowing users to tailor the toolkit to their specific needs. The DSP Toolkit stands out by offering a robust, flexible, and user-friendly solution for distribution substation planning. Public Abstract

Li, Han [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LB↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Misrepresentation of the Southern African Easterly Jet in Models and Its Implications for Aerosol, Clouds, and Precipitation Distributions

The southern African easterly jet (AEJ-S) is an important midtropospheric feature critical to understanding the tropical convective system over central Africa and the aerosol–cloud interactions over the southeast Atlantic Ocean. However, it remains unclear how well models represent the AEJ-S and its influence on aerosol transport, clouds, and precipitation distribution. Here, in this work, we use ground- and satellite-based observations and reanalysis datasets to assess the representation of AEJ-S in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models between September and October during the peak of midtropospheric winds, aerosol transport, clouds, and precipitation. We find that most CMIP6 models have difficulty accurately simulating the strength, position, and spatial distribution of the AEJ-S. Specifically, the AEJ-S is relatively weaker and at a slightly lower altitude in the ensemble of CMIP6 models than represented by observation and reanalysis datasets. To assess the influence of the misrepresented the AEJ-S on CMIP6-simulated aerosol, clouds, and precipitation distributions, we performed composite analyses using models with low and high biases based on the estimates of their midtropospheric easterly wind speed. We find that the misrepresentation of the AEJ-S in CMIP6 models is associated with the overestimation of clouds and precipitation over central Africa, the underestimation of clouds over the southeast Atlantic Ocean, and the limitation of aerosol transport over the continent or the deviation of its spatial distribution from the typical zonal transport over the Atlantic Ocean. Because aerosols, clouds, and precipitation are important components of the regional climate system, we conclude that accurate representation of the AEJ-S is essential over central Africa and the southeast Atlantic Ocean.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development of the Contamination Distribution Centered Toxics Mobility Vulnerability Index in the Beaumont–Port Arthur Region of Texas

This study advances the Toxics Mobility Inventory (TMI) and the Toxics Mobility Vulnerability Index (TMVI) to develop a new tool to assess the movement of hazardous substances and their implications for vulnerable communities. It emphasizes the need to include contamination distribution variables in such indices to address disproportionate impacts and more accurately reflect vulnerability. The study uses the TMI framework and TMVI methodology in the Beaumont–Port Arthur region of Texas, also integrating contamination distribution considerations into the analysis to develop a new framework and process. The new Contamination Distribution Centered Toxics Mobility Vulnerability Index (CDC-TMVI) consolidates climate change and topography variables into a broader built environment vulnerability category while introducing a contamination sources category. Using ArcGIS Pro and ToxPi tools, the study evaluates 27 geospatial variables across four categories: built environment vulnerability, social vulnerability, health outcomes, and contamination sources. The results indicate significant contributions from contamination and social vulnerability variables, highlighting areas with higher risks of flooding and air pollution. This article advocates for future research and policy efforts to enhance the integration of contamination sources and their spatial distributions into toxics mobility assessments to better protect vulnerable populations. Furthermore, the unique methodology and findings serve as a basis for developing targeted measures and strategic planning to improve environmental health.

contamination↗
DOE OSTI2024

OPTIMIZATION OF COOLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE EIC SHC COOLER ERL

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) will use strong hadron cooling to maintain the beam brightness and high luminosity during long collision ex?periments. An Energy Recovery Linac is used to deliver the high-current high-brightness electron beam for cooling. For the best cooling effect, the electron beam requires low emittance, small energy spread, and uniform longitudinal distribution. In this work, we simulate and optimize the longitudinal laser-beam distribution shaping at the photo?cathode, modeling space charge forces accurately. Machine parameters such as RF cavity phases are optimized in con?junction with the beam distribution using a genetic optimizer. We demonstrate improvement of the cooling distribution in key parameters.

Wang, N.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sodium Ion Expansion Power Block for Distributed CSP

The Sodium Ion Expansion Power Block for Distributed CSP was a three-plus-one-year effort under the Concentrating Solar Power: Advanced Projects Offering Low LCOE Opportunities (CSP: APOLLO) funding program within the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office. The primary objective of this project is to develop a dual-stage modular sodium thermal electrochemical converter (Na-TEC) heat engine power block, which can be potentially integrated with either a small-scale dish solar or large-scale heliostats and parabolic trough CSP. Na-TEC is a heat engine that generates electricity through the isothermal expansion of sodium ions. The Na-TEC is a closed system that can theoretically achieve conversion efficiencies above 45% when operating between thermal reservoirs at 1150 K and 550 K. However, thermal designs have confined previous single-stage devices to thermal efficiencies below 20%. To mitigate some of these limitations, we consider dividing the isothermal expansion into two stages; one at the evaporator temperature (1150 K) and another at an intermediate temperature (650 K –1050 K). This dual-stage Na-TEC takes advantage of regeneration and reheating, and could be amenable to better thermal management. In light of this, we first designed and developed a thermo-electrochemical model, and thermodynamically demonstrated how the dual-stage device can improve the efficiency by up to 8% points over the best performing single-stage device. We also established an application regime map for the single- and dual-stage Na-TEC in terms of the power density and the total thermal parasitic loss. Moreover, a thermal design of an axisymmetric dual-stage Na-TEC is developed to guide the scale-up and fabrication of sub-components of prototype module. A reduced-order finite-element model is used in conjunction with a Na-TEC thermodynamic model that was developed to determine the total parasitic heat loss of this dual-stage design. A number of simplifications are applied in the reduced-order model to decrease the computational time while maintaining acceptable accuracy. According to this analysis, a maximum efficiency of 29% and a maximum power output of 125 W can be achieved. Ultimately, we were able to demonstrate thermal efficiency improvements of the Na-TEC heat engine from 19% up to 40.3%, in a dual-stage (non-optimized) prototype module that we designed, fabricated, and tested with high temperature stage at 923 K. Furthermore, a cost-performance analysis for this improved dual-stage design was carried out for distributed-CSP systems. A high-level techno-economic analysis (TEA) explores four scenarios where a Na-TEC is used as the heat engine for a distributed-CSP system. Overnight capital cost and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) are estimated for a system lifetime of 30 years, revealing that overnight capital costs in a range from $3.57 to $17.71 per We are feasible, which equate to LCOEs from 6.9 to 17.2 cents/kWh e -1 . This analysis makes a significant contribution by concurrently quantifying the efficiency and unit costs for a range of multistage configurations, and demonstrating that a Na-TEC may be a promising alternative to Stirling engines for distributed-CSP systems at residential scale of 1–5 kW e .

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Reaction Rate Distribution Measurements in ZPPR-15

Small metal foils were irradiated in ZPPR-15 to measure distributions for 239 Pu(n,f), 235 U(n,f), 238 U(n,f), 238 U(n,γ), 115 In(n,n’) and 115 In(n,γ) reaction rates in ZPPR-15. The measured data were reported as basic reaction rate distributions for individual foils, cell-averaged reaction rate distributions and spectral indices or reaction rate ratios. All of the measured data were analyzed and tabulated in such a manner that the data can be readily compared with computed values. The published uncertainties for ZPPR-15 the reaction rate measurements include the statistical uncertainties in the measurements, reproducibility uncertainty and small uncertainties related to corrections for items such as foil compositions and post-irradiation decay between reactor shutdown and foil measurement. There are additional uncertainty components related to detector calibration that are not included in the published uncertainties. A full uncertainty analysis was performed for each foil measurement and for quantities derived from the basic foil measurements. The significant uncertainties were quantified, and a total uncertainty was derived for each measured value. The ZPPR-15 experimental records were used to create detailed as-built Monte Carlo models for the foil reaction rate measurements in ZPPR-15 loadings 123, 134 and 203 and for the fission chamber measurements of 237 Np and 242 Pu fission rates in ZPPR-15 loading 141. Because there were many foils distributed in the ZPPR-15 assembly and because an individual foil occupies a negligible volume in the ZPPR-15 assembly, direct Monte Carlo calculations of the measured foil reaction rates would require an impractical computational effort. The as-built Monte Carlo models and related files were prepared for conversion to deterministic models that can be calculated with realistic computational effort.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Mitigating Phase Unbalance for Distribution Systems with High Penetrations of Solar PV (Final Technical Report)

Distribution system operators have traditionally limited unbalance among phases by maintaining similar loadings on each phase. High penetrations of distributed solar PV continually change the net loading on each phase, resulting in time-varying phase unbalances that can damage three-phase devices such as three-phase motors, violate grid codes, and increase technical losses. This project has developed several control strategies for the reactive power outputs of solar PV inverters in order to mitigate power quality issues related to phase unbalance. These control strategies include a decentralized approach that is solely based on local measurements, distributed and grouped approaches that consider subsets of loads and PV generators, and a centralized approach that leverages measurements from a variety of locations in order to compute optimal reactive power setpoints for each inverter. Variants of the controllers handle challenges relevant to practical implementations, including noisy measurements, delayed communications, and reactive power limits. Moreover, the project developed theory that provides convergence guarantees for systems with multiple interacting controllers as well as “balanceability” certificates that ensure satisfaction of phase unbalance requirements with variable loading. The controllers were integrated with NRECA’s Open Modeling Framework (omf.coop) and evaluated using actual distribution system models obtained from several NRECA member utilities. Application of the controllers results in significant improvements to phase unbalance in these test cases with decreases from base case levels of over 3% to under 0.5%, which is within the 2% IEC phase unbalance standard.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Using Pilot Jobs and CernVM File System for Simplified Use of Containers and Software Distribution

High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments entail an abundance of computing resources, i.e. sites, to run simulations and analyses by processing data. This requirement is fulfilled by local batch farms, grid sites, private/commercial clouds, and supercomputing centers via High Throughput Computing (HTC). The growing needs of such experiments and resources being prone to trends of heterogeneity make it difficult for physicists to handle these resources directly. Additionally, HEP collaborations heavily rely on data and software releases, typically in the order of tens of gigabytes, while conducting simulations and analyses. Hence, aspects of scalability, reliability, and maintenance become crucial with regards to the distribution of the necessary data and software stack. The GlideinWMS [4] framework helps with the resource management problem by using pilot jobs, aka Glideins, to provision reliable elastic virtual clusters. Glideins are submitted to unreliable heterogeneous resources which are validated and customized by the Glideins to make the worker nodes available for end-user job execution. On the other hand, the CernVM File System (CernVM-FS or CVMFS) [1] helps with data distribution. It is a write-once, read-everywhere filesystem used to deploy scientific software to thousands of nodes on a worldwide distributed computing infrastructure. CVMFS is based on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and has been widely used within the particle physics community for (1) distributing experiment software and data such as calibrations, and (2) facilitating containerization by efficiently hosting container images along with providing containerization software, especially Singularity [3] GlideinWMS relies on CVMFS installed locally on the computing resources to satisfy the experiments' software needs. This requires system administrators' effort to install and maintain CVMFS at the sites and limits the use of sites, especially HPC resources, that do not have CVMFS installed. This poster presents a solution, taking advantage of Glideins to provide CVMFS at most sites without the need for a local installation. Doing so expands the pool of resources available for HEP experiments and reduces the effort of system administrators for current resources. Additionally, the proposed solution allows GlideinWMS to also start Singularity [3], a containerization software that can run unprivileged, on sites where neither CVMFS nor Singularity are available, including HPC sites. The benefits provided by this solution are: (1) lower overhead for site administrators in that they have less software to install, (2) an expanded pool of resources that run user jobs with easy access to software and data provided by CVMFS, thus making life easier for the scientists, and (3) improved flexibility to use HPC resources by enabling GlideinWMS pilot jobs to support HPC sites.

Urs, Namratha↗