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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Hydrothermal Processing of Macroalgal Feedstocks in Continuous-Flow Reactors

Wet macroalgal slurries have been converted into a biocrude by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in a bench-scale continuous-flow reactor system. Carbon conversion to a gravity-separable oil product of 58.8% was accomplished at relatively low temperature (350 °C) in a pressurized (subcritical liquid water) environment (20 MPa) when using feedstock slurries with a 21.7% concentration of dry solids. As opposed to earlier work in batch reactors reported by others, direct oil recovery was achieved without the use of a solvent, and biomass trace mineral components were removed by processing steps so that they did not cause processing difficulties. In addition, catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) was effectively applied for HTL byproduct water cleanup and fuel gas production from water-soluble organics. Conversion of 99.2% of the carbon left in the aqueous phase was demonstrated. Finally, as a result, high conversion of macroalgae to liquid and gas fuel products was found with low levels of residual organic contamination in byproduct water. Both process steps were accomplished in continuous-flow reactor systems such that design data for process scale-up was generated.

biomass↗
DOE OSTI2019

Vitrification of Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-107 in a Continuous Laboratory-Scale Melter

Low-activity waste (LAW) stored in underground tanks on the Hanford Site in Washington State is planned to be filtered for solids removal and processed through ion exchange columns for cesium removal. These pretreatment steps will allow the waste to be transferred to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant’s LAW Facility for immobilization into glass. The liquid waste will be combined with glass-forming chemicals (GFCs) to form a waste feed slurry that can be fed to electric melters for vitrification. The process of continuously converting the aqueous feed slurry into a melt is dynamic and includes multiple reactions, degassing, and dissolution processes that depend on heat from the melt below. In this conversion process, waste components are partitioned into one of two streams: glass and off-gas. Washington River Protection Solutions has requested processing information and chemical information associated with these waste products for actual waste from Hanford tank 241-AP-107 (referred to herein as AP-107). To acquire this type of information, a small-scale melter system was designed that would not require high volumes of input waste or the large resource commitment of a full-scale melter system, while also providing dynamic information that would be difficult to determine from batch reactions in a crucible system. A continuous laboratory-scale melter (CLSM) has been designed to operate with a continuous feeding process while periodically pouring glass product and collecting off-gas. The CLSM vessel has been sized to collect the relevant process and chemical information from obtainable volumes of AP-107 waste samples. A total 8.6 L of actual AP-107 tank waste were received after filtering for solids removal and ion exchange for cesium removal. This volume of AP-107 waste was mixed with GFCs to form an estimated 11.8 L of melter feed slurry. A mass of 7.01 kg of glass product were poured from the CLSM vessel during 10.07 hours of charging the AP-107 melter feed, indicating that about 15.0 kg of melter feed was vitrified into glass. The CLSM system was also designed with the capability to fully divert the flow of off-gas produced in the CLSM vessel to a sampling line that could capture the volatile species of interest, such as technetium-99 ( 99 Tc). This novel sampling system avoided the difficulties of slipstream sampling and could be activated once the feeding reached a steady state within the CLSM vessel. Off-gas product samples captured via high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters using this method, as well as selected glass product samples were sent to an analytical lab for chemical analysis.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optimized active layer morphology toward efficient and polymer batch insensitive organic solar cells

Abstract Morphology control in laboratory and industry setting remains as a major challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs) due to the difference in film-drying kinetics between spin coating and the printing process. A two-step sequential deposition method is developed to control the active layer morphology. A conjugated polymer that self-assembles into a well-defined fibril structure is used as the first layer, and then a non-fullerene acceptor is introduced into the fibril mesh as the second layer to form an optimal morphology. A benefit of the combined fibril network morphology and non-fullerene acceptor properties was that a high efficiency of 16.5% (certified as 16.1%) was achieved. The preformed fibril network layer and the sequentially deposited non-fullerene acceptor form a robust morphology that is insensitive to the polymer batches, solving a notorious issue in OSCs. Such progress demonstrates that the utilization of polymer fibril networks in a sequential deposition process is a promising approach towards the fabrication of high-efficiency OSCs.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhanced prediction of Cs removal by CST from Hanford tank waste with K accountability

Abstract The treatment of Hanford tank waste is one of the most challenging environmental cleanup activities to date. To expedite the processing of liquid waste stored in underground tanks in Washington State it is necessary to remove the significant dose contributor, 137 Cs. Crystalline silicotitanate ion exchanger is currently used to remove 137 Cs from the aqueous phase of Hanford tank wastes in preparation for vitrification at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Improving the understanding of potassium impacts on ion exchange behavior of Cs will help in the operation of a critical component of one of the most complex treatment processes in the world today. Optimization of this process can result in significant cost savings and less waste production. Toward this effort, a series of batch contact tests varied in potassium concentration were conducted to look at the impact of potassium concentration on Cs distribution. Experimental distribution ratios ( K d ) were compared to the distribution ratios predicted using the ZAM model. A significant underprediction of Cs capacity in the presence of potassium was seen with the existing model. A revision of the equilibrium constants was determined and provided a statistically better fit for determining the Cs K d values in tank waste matrices.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Mn(III)-mediated bisphenol a degradation: Mechanisms and products

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical with potential estrogenic effects susceptible to abiotic degradation by MnO 2 . BPA transformation products and reaction mechanisms with MnO 2 have been investigated, but detailed process understanding of Mn(III)-mediated degradation has not been attained. Rapid consumption of BPA occurred in batch reaction vessels with 1 mM Mn(III) and 63.9 ± 0.7% of 1.76 ± 0.02 μmol BPA was degraded in 1 hour at circumneutral pH. BPA was consumed at 1.86 ± 0.09-fold higher rates in vessels with synthetic MnO 2 comprising approximately 13 mol% surface-associated Mn(III) versus surface-Mn(III)-free MnO 2 , and 10–35% of BPA transformation could be attributed to Mn(III) during the initial 10-min reaction phase. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) analysis detected eight transformation intermediates in reactions with Mn(III), and quantum calculations proposed 14 BPA degradation products, nine of which had not been observed during MnO 2 -mediated BPA degradation, suggesting mechanistic differences between Mn(III)- versus MnO 2 -mediated BPA degradation. Finally, the findings demonstrate that both Mn(III) and Mn(IV) can effectively degrade BPA and indicate that surface-associated Mn(III) increases the reactivity of synthetic MnO 2 , offering opportunities for engineering more reactive oxidized Mn species for BPA removal.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Interfacial reactions of Cu( II ) adsorption and hydrolysis driven by nano-scale confinement

Spatial confinement is prevalent in sedimentary rocks and can lead to changes in the chemical behavior at mineral–water interfaces. This includes both deviations in the physico-chemical properties of confined water, when compared to the bulk liquid phase, and subsequent alterations in adsorption chemistry of ions inside nano-scale mineral pores. In this paper we document contrasting adsorption mechanisms and differences in local coordination environments of copper (Cu 2+ ), depending on whether the ion is adsorbed on non-porous silica surfaces, versus inside 8 nm and 4 nm pores in silica. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, flow micro-calorimetry, and batch adsorption methods together with molecular modeling are used to thoroughly describe the dependence of these adsorption processes on the pore size. We show that confinement within silica pores promotes Cu–Cu interactions and increases the formation of Cu–Cu polynuclear surface complexes. We also demonstrate that the mechanism of Cu 2+ adsorption on non-porous versus porous silica is vastly different. The adsorption of Cu 2+ on non-porous silica is an endothermic process, whereby Cu 2+ undergoes dehydration prior to surface complexation. In contrast, adsorption within nano-scale pores is preceded by only partial dehydration, and significant formation of Cu–Cu polynuclear complexes, which leads to an overall exothermic signal. Interfacial confinement leads to dramatic changes in the adsorption mechanism and speciation, which in turn controls the fate and transport of chemical species in natural environments.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Remediation of AMD using natural and waste material

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is highly acidic, sulphate rich and frequently carries a high transition metal and heavy metal burden. These AMD's eventually migrate into streams and rivers and impact negatively on the quality of these water bodies. So it is dire necessary to treat this AMD. Various materials such as ladle furnace slag (LFS), bentonite, zeolite, active carbon and kaolinite are currently available to remove heavy metals from contaminated water. All these materials are capable to rise up the pH value and adsorb heavy metals. The process is divided into two stages; screening test and tank experiment. Screening test is conduct by using Batch Equilibrium Test (BET), X-Ray Fluorescene (XRF) identification also Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) characteristic. The results showed that all the concentration of heavy metal are decreasing extremely and pH value rise up except for kaolinite. From screening test only ladle furnace slag, bentonite, zeolite and active carbon are chosen for the tank experiment. Tank experiment design with 18cm (H) X 15cm (L) X 15cm (H) was made by silica glass. All these treatment materials were stirred in the tank for 30 days. Initial pH for all tanks is 2.4 and after 30 days is changing into 6.11, 3.91, 2.98 and 2.71 for LFS, bentonite, active carbon as well as zeolite respectively. LFS is the best material for absorption of Zn, Mn and Cu in the synthetic solution. Meanwhile, bentonite is the best absorbent for Ni, Fe and Cd. The conclusion shows that LFS might have big potentials to control AMD pollution base on neutralize pH resulting in a great improvement in the quality of the water.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

A method for normalizing pathology images to improve feature extraction for quantitative pathology

Purpose: With the advent of digital slide scanning technologies and the potential proliferation of large repositories of digital pathology images, many research studies can leverage these data for biomedical discovery and to develop clinical applications. However, quantitative analysis of digital pathology images is impeded by batch effects generated by varied staining protocols and staining conditions of pathological slides. Methods: To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a novel, fully automated stain normalization method to reduce batch effects and thus aid research in digital pathology applications. Their method, intensity centering and histogram equalization (ICHE), normalizes a diverse set of pathology images by first scaling the centroids of the intensity histograms to a common point and then applying a modified version of contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization. Normalization was performed on two datasets of digitized hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides of different tissue slices from the same lung tumor, and one immunohistochemistry dataset of digitized slides created by restaining one of the H&E datasets. Results: The ICHE method was evaluated based on image intensity values, quantitative features, and the effect on downstream applications, such as a computer aided diagnosis. For comparison, three methods from the literature were reimplemented and evaluated using the same criteria. The authors found that ICHE not only improved performance compared with un-normalized images, but in most cases showed improvement compared with previous methods for correcting batch effects in the literature. Conclusions: ICHE may be a useful preprocessing step a digital pathology image processing pipeline.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Analytical Plans Supporting the SWPF Gap Analysis Being Conducted with EnergySolutions and the Vitreous State Laboratory at the CUA

EnergySolutions (ES) and its partner, the Vitreous State Laboratory (VSL) of The Catholic University of America (CUA), are to provide engineering and technical services support to Savannah River Remediation, LLC (SRR) for ongoing operation of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) flowsheet as well as for modifications to improve overall plant performance. SRR has requested that the glass formulation team of Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and ES-VSL develop a technical basis that validates the current Product Composition Control System models for use during the processing of the coupled flowsheet or that leads to the refinements of or modifications to the models that are needed so that they may be used during the processing of the coupled flowsheet. SRNL has developed a matrix of test glasses that are to be batched and fabricated by ES-VSL as part of this effort. This document provides two analytical plans for use by ES-VSL: one plan is to guide the measurement of the chemical composition of the study glasses while the second is to guide the measurement of the durability of the study glasses based upon the results of testing by ASTM’s Product Consistency Test (PCT) Method A.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2016

Results of Hg speciation testing on DWPF SMECT-4, SMECT-6, and RCT-2 samples

The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was tasked with preparing and shipping samples for Hg speciation by Eurofins Frontier Global Sciences, Inc. in Seattle, WA on behalf of the Savannah River Remediation (SRR) Mercury Task Team.i,ii The fifteenth shipment of samples was designated to include Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Slurry Mix Evaporator Condensate Tank (SMECT) samples from Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) Batch 738 and a Recycle Condensate Tank (RCT) sample from SRAT Batch 736. The DWPF sample designations for the three samples analyzed are provided in Table 1. The Batch 738 ‘Baseline’ SMECT sample was taken prior to Precipitate Reactor Feed Tank (PRFT) addition and concentration and therefore, precedes the SMECT-5 sample reported previously. iii The Batch 738 ‘End of SRAT Cycle’ SMECT sample was taken at the conclusion of SRAT operations for this batch (PRFT addition/concentration, acid additions, initial concentration, MCU addition, and steam stripping). Batch 738 experienced a sludge slurry carryover event, which introduced sludge solids to the SMECT that were particularly evident in the SMECT-5 sample, but less evident in the ‘End of SRAT Cycle’ SMECT-6 sample. The Batch 736 ‘After SME’ RCT sample was taken after completion of SMECT transfers at the end of the SME cycle.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Fiscal Year 2023 Filtration of Hanford Tank 241-AP-105 Supernatant at 16 °C

Approximately 9 liters of supernatant from Hanford waste tank 241-AP-105 was delivered by Washington River Protection Solutions to the Radiochemical Processing Laboratory (RPL) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The as-received AP-105 waste was diluted with process water (Columbia River water) from approximately 8.7 M sodium (nominal tank concentration) and partitioned into a batch of 7 M sodium and a batch of 5.5 M sodium. Dilution increased the combined volume of the two batches to approximately 7.8 liters of 7 M Na feed and 4.4 liters of 5.5 M Na feed.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

MAUD Interface Tool Kit (MILK)

Materials Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD) is an open source Rietveld refinement program which fits diffraction models to diffraction spectra allowing quantitative diffraction analysis. The scripting interface developed here using python facilitates the choice of parameters to refine during the Rietveld fitting process and provides a simple MPI framework for running MAUD instances in parallel. The scripting language facilitates batch, custom, and reproducible Rietveld refinements of large datasets.

Savage, Daniel↗
DOE OSTI2016

Performance of an i -SANEX System Based on a Water-Soluble BTP under Continuous Irradiation in a γ-Radiolysis Test Loop

Here, the i -SANEX solvent formulation consisting of nominally 0.2 M TODGA/5% 1-octanol/dodecane was γ-irradiated under realistic conditions in the Idaho National Laboratory radiolysis test loop, in contact with both extraction and stripping aqueous phases. The extraction aqueous phase was 4.5 M HNO 3 , and the stripping aqueous phase was 0.018 M SO 3 –Ph–BTP/0.35 M HNO 3 . When irradiated in contact with only the 4.5 M HNO 3 phase, the TODGA solvent maintained excellent extraction performance for americium, cerium, europium, and neodymium to a maximum absorbed dose of nearly 0.9 MGy. The results for preliminary static, batch irradiations were consistent with test loop findings. When the aqueous phase was changed to that containing the aqueous soluble BTP, the irradiated aqueous phase showed a dramatic color change, but this does not appear to have had adverse effect on solvent extraction performance. The distribution ratios for both the lanthanides and actinides were invariant with absorbed dose, and the separation factors were essentially unchanged to a maximum absorbed dose of 174 kGy. The results of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of the aqueous and organic phases showed that ruthenium and strontium were not extracted in the presence of the irradiated BTP-aqueous phase. Molybdenum was extracted under both conditions. Further, the buildup of corrosion products of stainless steel in the presence of the BTP was not dramatically greater than in the nitric acid-only system. Phase separation times were not adversely affected by irradiation for either system. The results presented here indicate that the performance of the TODGA/SO 3 –Ph–BTP, i -SANEX process under test loop radiolysis is much better than expected based on a literature report using single-phase batch irradiation experiments, and better than might be predicted based on diglycolamide radiolysis studies alone.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
NASA NTRS2016

The Matsu Wheel: A Cloud-Based Framework for Efficient Analysis and Reanalysis of Earth Satellite Imagery

Project Matsu is a collaboration between the Open Commons Consortium and NASA focused on developing open source technology for cloud-based processing of Earth satellite imagery with practical applications to aid in natural disaster detection and relief. Project Matsu has developed an open source cloud-based infrastructure to process, analyze, and reanalyze large collections of hyperspectral satellite image data using OpenStack, Hadoop, MapReduce and related technologies. We describe a framework for efficient analysis of large amounts of data called the Matsu "Wheel." The Matsu Wheel is currently used to process incoming hyperspectral satellite data produced daily by NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite. The framework allows batches of analytics, scanning for new data, to be applied to data as it flows in. In the Matsu Wheel, the data only need to be accessed and preprocessed once, regardless of the number or types of analytics, which can easily be slotted into the existing framework. The Matsu Wheel system provides a significantly more efficient use of computational resources over alternative methods when the data are large, have high-volume throughput, may require heavy preprocessing, and are typically used for many types of analysis. We also describe our preliminary Wheel analytics, including an anomaly detector for rare spectral signatures or thermal anomalies in hyperspectral data and a land cover classifier that can be used for water and flood detection. Each of these analytics can generate visual reports accessible via the web for the public and interested decision makers. The result products of the analytics are also made accessible through an Open Geospatial Compliant (OGC)-compliant Web Map Service (WMS) for further distribution. The Matsu Wheel allows many shared data services to be performed together to efficiently use resources for processing hyperspectral satellite image data and other, e.g., large environmental datasets that may be analyzed for many purposes.

0↗
NASA NTRS1976

Models and error analyses in urban air quality estimation

Estimation theory has been applied to a wide range of aerospace problems. Application of this expertise outside the aerospace field has been extremely limited, however. This paper describes the use of covariance error analysis techniques in evaluating the accuracy of pollution estimates obtained from a variety of concentration measuring devices. It is shown how existing software developed for aerospace applications can be applied to the estimation of pollution through the processing of measurement types involving a range of spatial and temporal responses. The modeling of pollutant concentration by meandering Gaussian plumes is described in some detail. Time averaged measurements are associated with a model of the average plume, using some of the same state parameters and thus avoiding the problem of state memory. The covariance analysis has been implemented using existing batch estimation software. This usually involves problems in handling dynamic noise; however, the white dynamic noise has been replaced by a band-limited process which can be easily accommodated by the software.

Englar, T., Jr.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Vitrification of Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-105 in a Continuous Laboratory-Scale Melter

Low-activity waste (LAW) stored in underground tanks on the Hanford site in Washington State is planned to be filtered for solids removal and processed through ion exchange columns for cesium removal at the Low-Activity Waste Pretreatment System facility. These pretreatment steps will allow the waste to be transferred to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant LAW facility for immobilization into glass. The liquid waste will be combined with glass-forming chemicals (GFCs) to form a waste feed slurry that can be fed to electric melters for vitrification. The process of continuously converting the aqueous feed slurry into a melt is dynamic and includes multiple reactions, degassing, and dissolution processes that depend on heat from the melt below. In this conversion process, waste components are partitioned into one of two streams: glass and off-gas. Processing information and chemical information associated with these waste product streams has been requested by Washington River Protection Solutions for actual tank waste from tank 241-AP-105 (referred to as AP-105). To acquire this type of information, a small-scale melter system was desired that would not require high volumes of input waste or the large resource commitment of a full-scale melter system, while also providing dynamic information that would be difficult to determine from batch reactions in a crucible system. A continuous laboratory-scale melter (CLSM), has been designed to operate with a continuous feeding process, while periodically pouring glass product and collecting off-gas. The CLSM vessel has been sized to collect the relevant process and chemical information from obtainable volumes of AP-105 waste samples. Two CLSMs were constructed: one in a non-radioactive environment for processing waste simulants and another in a fume hood capable of handling radioactive material for processing actual Hanford tank waste. This dual-system setup allowed for comparison between simulated and real tank waste with essentially identical test equipment. AP-105 waste simulant was first tested in the non-radioactive CLSM to determine the processability and desired operating window for the actual tank waste. Rhenium (Re) was added to the simulant to act as a surrogate for technetium-99 ( 99 Tc), a key waste component found in the actual tank waste. The partitioning of Re into the glass and off-gas products during the continuous feeding of simulant was determined, which allowed the Re retention, the mass flow rate of Re out of the CLSM via the glass product with respect to the mass flow rate of Re into the CLSM via the feed slurry, to be calculated. Key processing results and the average Re retention, from the CLSM test run with AP-105 simulant feed slurry are shown in Table ES.1.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Parametric Study of Operating Carbon Anodes in the Oxide Reduction Process

A parametric study of the electrolytic reduction of uranium dioxide in molten lithium chloride – lithium oxide using carbon anodes was conducted to determine the operational parameter values necessary for high yields. Operational parameters evaluated in this study include anode and cathode current densities, anodic polarization, UO 2 batch size, and method of electrochemical control. Seven oxide reduction experiments were conducted with between 25 g and 100 g UO 2 . The current density on the cathode was the critical parameter, which indicates the reduction process is kinetically controlled by cathodic reactions. High cell currents were achieved without the application of high anodic potentials by using a large anode surface area. As a result, this approach facilitates efficient reduction at high throughput without production of chlorine or other corrosive gasses.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Project Development of an Electrochemical Denitration and Caustic Generation System for HLW Pretreatment at Hanford - 26350

An engineering-scale electrochemical processing skid is proposed to perform the denitration of Hanford tank waste, which would help to mitigate a key process concern with the direct feed processing of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The reduction of nitrates and organic compounds in the waste feed will directly reduce hazardous NOx and ammonia gases generated during the vitrification process, which in turn will aid in addressing potential regulatory and safety challenges associated with processing large volumes of tank waste. This paper highlights the past legacy work, project layout, accomplishments from Phase 1 and research and development envisioned for Phase 2. An innovative electrochemical denitration and caustic generation (EDCGe) process was demonstrated for the pretreatment of tank waste at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in the early 2000s. The denitration electrolyzer, off-gas abatement system, and caustic generator electrolyzer are being developed with the intent that the denitration electrolyzer will convert nitrate and nitrite anions to nitrogen gas while also yielding other gaseous byproducts, which may include N2O, NH3, VOCs, and H2. The gaseous byproducts will be managed via a tandem off-gas catalyst-bed treatment system. The caustic generation electrolyzer will recycle NaOH from the feed to produce a clean caustic stream for use within the batching tanks at Hanford, aiding in the preparation of waste for WTP. The reduction in hazardous emissions and improved waste treatment processes provides a robust solution for nuclear waste management, contributing to environmental safety and regulatory compliance. The EDCGe technology is being adapted, modified, and updated for the preparation of the Direct Feed-High Level Waste (DF-HLW) flowsheet at Hanford. Phase 1 demonstrated a bench-scale proof-of-concept for reactions involving the denitration electrolyzer and gas phase abatement of ammonia. The electrochemical technology is drawing on the scientific outcomes that were reported in the legacy work. The results from Phase 1 demonstrated the viability of the EDCGe system in reducing the nitrogen species of simple non-radioactive waste simulants. Commercially available alloys used as electrode materials and membranes are being studied for the denitration and caustic generation electrolyzers. The continuation of this project holds promise for broader applications, such as energy-efficient ammonia production, and contributes significant advancements in nuclear waste management. Additional material discovery has been investigated into ceramic Na super ion conductive (NaSICON) materials and off-gas abatement catalyst discovery. NaSICON is of interest for selective transport of Na within the electrolyzers to make a clean caustic stream. Future integration and optimization efforts, informed by Phase 1 results and ongoing research, will continue to drive advancements in nuclear waste management technology. The technology developed for the EDCGe treatment of tank waste will also have broader potential to inform other fields, such as energy-efficient ammonia production, as well as ammonia abatement catalysis through the lessons learned in electrochemical nitrate reduction. The applications and benefits of this research extend beyond Hanford and the Savannah River Site, supported by a collaborative team of scientists and engineers from national labs, academia, and industry, ensuring a comprehensive approach to solving complex waste treatment challenges. The team is leveraging advanced electrochemical technologies, machine learning, novel catalysts tailored for gaseous nitrogen species, and cutting-edge reactor systems to enhance the process efficiency and effectiveness of the denitration process.

Rodene, Dylan [Savannah River National Laboratory ↗