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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 847 records · Page 47
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2012

C/NOFS Measurements of Stormtime Magnetic Perturbations in the Low-latitude Ionosphere

The Vector Electric Field Investigation suite on the C/NOFS satellite includes a fluxgate magnetometer to monitor the Earth's magnetic fields in the low-latitude ionosphere. Measurements yield full magnetic vectors every second over the range of +/- 45,000 nT with a one-bit resolution of 1.37 nT (16 bit AID) in each component. The sensor's primary responsibility is to support calculations of both VxB and ExB with greater accuracy than can be obtained using standard magnetic field models. The data also contain information about large-scale current systems, that, when analyzed in conjunction with electric field measurements, promise to significantly expand understanding of equatorial electrodynamics. We first compare in situ measurements with the POMME (POtsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth) model to establish in-flight sensor "calibrations" and to compute magnetic residuals. At low latitudes the residuals are predominately products of the stormtime ring current. Since C/NOFS provides a complete coverage of all local times every 97 minutes, magnetic field data allow studies of the temporal evolution and local-time variations of stormtime ring current. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of using instrumented spacecraft in low-inclination orbits to extract a timely proxy for the provisional Dst index and to specify the ring current's evolution.

Le, Guan↗
NASA NTRS2019

Monitoring Volcanic Eruptions by OMI/OMPS, ASTER, and MERRA-2

Volcanic lava flows and/or the gas eruptions are the most common characteristics that can be remotely monitored with satellite technology in the global perspective and on different timescales. Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), one of the most abundant gases from volcanic eruptions apart from atmospheric common gases Carbon Dioxide and water vapor, can be directly detected by space-based sensors on satellites. The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) is one of the 12 Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) within NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), which archives SO2 data sets from the Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) in 1978, till the ongoing Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's EOS-Aura satellite, the Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Mapper (NM) on both the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP or SNPP) and the Joint Polar-orbiting Satellite System-1 (JPSS-1) satellites, into the future JPSS missions. In addition to the standard OMI/Aura and OMPS/S-NPP SO2 products, SO2 products created under the charter of the Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) project, are also archived at GES DISC, through which NASA enacts to expand understanding the Earth system using consistent data records. The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) is another EOSDIS's DAAC that provides land data products and operates as a partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The LP DAAC has been archiving the satellite imagery from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) aboard NASA's EOS-Terra satellite, a high spatial resolution (15 meters) and 14 band multispectral instrument. The ASTER imagery is one of the land products contributing to the application for monitoring hot spots and land terrain changes caused by volcanic eruption events. The data potential in GES DISC and LP DAAC to monitor volcanic sources of SO2 and the influence of wind fields on the gas plume spread will be demonstrated with the most recent 2018 May-July Kilauea Volcano eruption.

Zeng, Jian↗
NASA NTRS1993

TransFit: Finite element analysis data fitting software

The Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) mission support team has made extensive use of geometric ray tracing to analyze the performance of AXAF developmental and flight optics. One important aspect of this performance modeling is the incorporation of finite element analysis (FEA) data into the surface deformations of the optical elements. TransFit is software designed for the fitting of FEA data of Wolter I optical surface distortions with a continuous surface description which can then be used by SAO's analytic ray tracing software, currently OSAC (Optical Surface Analysis Code). The improved capabilities of Transfit over previous methods include bicubic spline fitting of FEA data to accommodate higher spatial frequency distortions, fitted data visualization for assessing the quality of fit, the ability to accommodate input data from three FEA codes plus other standard formats, and options for alignment of the model coordinate system with the ray trace coordinate system. TransFit uses the AnswerGarden graphical user interface (GUI) to edit input parameters and then access routines written in PV-WAVE, C, and FORTRAN to allow the user to interactively create, evaluate, and modify the fit. The topics covered include an introduction to TransFit: requirements, designs philosophy, and implementation; design specifics: modules, parameters, fitting algorithms, and data displays; a procedural example; verification of performance; future work; and appendices on online help and ray trace results of the verification section.

Freeman, Mark↗
NASA NTRS1996

Classification and designation systems for materials: A report on the present situation, an inventory of the systems in use, and comments on the future possibilities

The different systems that are in use for the major classes of engineering materials are summarized. The work was carried out within the scope of the Versailles project on advanced materials and standards (VAMAS). An inventory of national and international standards that give specifications for the materials and international standards are included. Comments on the increasing knowledge of, and the increasing demand for, data concerning the materials performance are included. Recommendations for future activities in the standardization of classification and designation systems are given.

Reynard, Keith W.↗
NASA NTRS1968

Digital data averager improves conventional measurement system performance

Multipurpose digital averager provides measurement improvement in noisy signal environments. It provides increased measurement accuracy and resolution to basic instrumentation devices by an arithmetical process in real time. It is used with standard conventional measurement equipment and digital data printers.

Naylor, T. K.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Time synchronized video systems

The idea of synchronizing multiple video recordings to some type of 'range' time has been tried to varying degrees of success in the past. Combining this requirement with existing time code standards (SMPTE) and the new innovations in desktop multimedia however, have afforded an opportunity to increase the flexibility and usefulness of such efforts without adding costs over the traditional data recording and reduction systems. The concept described can use IRIG, GPS or a battery backed internal clock as the master time source. By converting that time source to Vertical Interval Time Code or Longitudinal Time Code, both in accordance with the SMPTE standards, the user will obtain a tape that contains machine/computer readable time code suitable for use with editing equipment that is available off-the-shelf. Accuracy on playback is then determined by the playback system chosen by the user. Accuracies of +/- 2 frames are common among inexpensive systems and complete frame accuracy is more a matter of the users' budget than the capability of the recording system.

Burnett, Ron↗
NASA NTRS2010

The First Experiment with VLBI-GPS Hybrid System

In this paper, we introduce our GPS-VLBI hybrid system and show the results of the first experiment which is now under way. In this hybrid system, GPS signals are captured by a normal GPS antenna, down-converted to IF signals, and then sampled by the VLBI sampler VSSP32 developed by NICT. The sampled GPS data are recorded and correlated in the same way as VLBI observation data. The correlator outputs are the group delay and the delay rate. Since the whole system uses the same frequency standard, many sources of systematic errors are common between the VLBI system and the GPS system. In this hybrid system, the GPS antenna can be regarded as an additional VLBI antenna having multiple beams towards GPS satellites. Therefore, we expect that this approach will provide enough data to improve zenith delay estimates and geodetic results.

Kwak, Younghee↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dynamic Distribution of High-Rate Data Processing from CERN to Remote HPC Data Centers

The prompt reconstruction of the data recorded from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) detectors has always been addressed by dedicated resources at the CERN Tier-0. Such workloads come in spikes due to the nature of the operation of the accelerator and in special high load occasions experiments have commissioned methods to distribute (spill-over) a fraction of the load to sites outside CERN. The present work demonstrates a new way of supporting the Tier-0 environment by provisioning resources elastically for such spilled-over workflows onto the Piz Daint Supercomputer at CSCS. Furthermore, this is implemented using containers, tuning the existing batch scheduler and reinforcing the scratch file system, while still using standard Grid middleware. ATLAS, CMS and CSCS have jointly run selected prompt data reconstruction on up to several thousand cores on Piz Daint into a shared environment, thereby probing the viability of the CSCS high performance computer site as on demand extension of the CERN Tier-0, which could play a role in addressing the future LHC computing challenges for the high luminosity LHC.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1988

Transferring data objects: A focused Ada investigation

The use of the Ada language does not guarantee that data objects will be in the same form or have the same value after they have been stored or transferred to another system. There are too many possible variables in such things as the formats used and other protocol conditions. Differences may occur at many different levels of support. These include program level, object level, application level, and system level. A standard language is only one aspect of making a complex system completely homogeneous. Many components must be standardized and the various standards must be integrated. The principal issues in providing for interaction between systems are of exchanging files and data objects between systems which may not be compatible in terms of their host computer, operating system or other factors. A typical resolution of the problem of invalidating data involves at least a common external form, for data objects and for representing the relationships and attributes of data collections. Some of the issues dealing with the transfer of data are listed and consideration is given on how these issues may be handled in the Ada language.

Legrand, Sue↗
NASA NTRS1996

Modular Software for Spacecraft Navigation Using the Global Positioning System (GPS)

The Goddard Space Flight Center Flight Dynamics and Mission Operations Divisions have jointly investigated the feasibility of engineering modular Global Positioning SYSTEM (GPS) navigation software to support both real time flight and ground postprocessing configurations. The goals of this effort are to define standard GPS data interfaces and to engineer standard, reusable navigation software components that can be used to build a broad range of GPS navigation support applications. The paper discusses the GPS modular software (GMOD) system and operations concepts, major requirements, candidate software architecture, feasibility assessment and recommended software interface standards. In additon, ongoing efforts to broaden the scope of the initial study and to develop modular software to support autonomous navigation using GPS are addressed,

Truong, S. H.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Creation of a Weather Drivers Test Suite for Inclusion in ASHRAE Standard 140

Weather conditions are an important boundary condition for building performance simulation (BPS) calculations. For existing test cases in ASHRAE Standard 140 "Method of Test for Evaluating Building Performance Simulation Software" (ANSI/ASHRAE 2020), it was assumed that the software being tested could adequately read and interpret the weather data in the provided standard weather files. As differences between the programs have been reduced and as more programs have shifted to sub-hourly time steps this assumption has become more stretched. To address these concerns a new test suite testing a program's ability to read and interpret the data from a standard weather file was developed. The purpose of the test suite is to test the use of the typical data used from standard weather files.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1995

Geophysical data analysis and visualization using the Grid Analysis and Display System

Several problems posed by the rapidly growing volume of geophysical data are described, and a selected set of existing solutions to these problems is outlined. A recently developed desktop software tool called the Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) is presented. The GrADS' user interface is a natural extension of the standard procedures scientists apply to their geophysical data analysis problems. The basic GrADS operations have defaults that naturally map to data analysis actions, and there is a programmable interface for customizing data access and manipulation. The fundamental concept of the GrADS' dimension environment, which defines both the space in which the geophysical data reside and the 'slice' of data which is being analyzed at a given time, is expressed The GrADS' data storage and access model is described. An argument is made in favor of describable data formats rather than standard data formats. The manner in which GrADS users may perform operations on their data and display the results is also described. It is argued that two-dimensional graphics provides a powerful quantitative data analysis tool whose value is underestimated in the current development environment which emphasizes three dimensional structure modeling.

Doty, Brian E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Weighted slit extraction of low-dispersion IUE spectral data

The weighted slit extraction has been chosen by the IUE project as the standard extraction for low-dispersion spectra in the final IUE archives. In order to properly weight the data within the extraction slit and obtain the optimal evaluation of the true spectrum, a noise model is derived for IUE data. The exclusion of cosmic rays is demonstrated and the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is quantified for spectra taken with a wide range of flux level. Problematic spectra, such as trailed spectra, multiple spectra, discontinuous spectra, and emission-line spectra, are extracted to demonstrate the robust nature of the method. Comparisons are made between the standard IUE Standard Image Processing System (IUESIPS) extraction, nonstandard narrow slit extraction, trailed IUESIPS extraction, and weighted extraction for these data. Other weighted slit extractions are briefly discussed. The advantages of the weighted slit extraction are: (1) the extraction improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum while conserving total flux; (2) most of the cosmic rays are automatically removed; (3) the output includes an error estimate for each point in the flux spectrum; and (4) the algorithm can be run in a batch mode that requires no special input parameters.

Kinney, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS2024

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Flight Testing a Radiosonde and 3D Sonic Anemometer Configuration on a Multi-rotor Uninhabited Aerial System (UAS)

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to establish a uniform procedure for initialization of a radiosonde, a 3D sonic anemometer, and collection of sounding data with correct sensor integration via a multi-rotor uninhabited aerial system (UAS) within the Langley Research Center’s (LaRC) Uninhabited Aerial System Operations Office (UASOO).

Tyler L. Willhite↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Model Development for Electric Aviation

A thermodynamic model was developed and validated to analyze a high-performance solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid power system for electric aviation. This study used a process simulation software package (ProMax) to study the role of SOFC design and operation on the feasibility and performance of the hybrid system. Standard modules, including compressor, turbine, heat exchanger, reforming reactor, and combustor were used from the ProMax tool suite while a custom module was created to simulate the SOFC stack. The model used an SOFC test data set as an input. Additional SOFC stack performance effects, such as pressure, temperature, and utilization of air and fuel, were added from open source data. System performance predictors were SOFC specific power, fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, and hybrid system efficiency. Using these input data and predictors, a static thermodynamic performance model was created that can be modified for different system configurations and operating conditions. Prior to creating the final aircraft performance model, initial demonstration models were developed to validate output results. We used the NASA SOFC model as a benchmark, which was created with their Numerical Propulsion System Simulator (NPSS) software framework. Our output results matched within 1% of both the NASA model and open source SOFC performance data. With confidence gained in the accuracy of this model, a 1-MW SOFC-GT hybrid power system was constructed for an aircraft propulsion concept. Overall hybrid system efficiencies of > 75% FTE were observed during standard 36,000 feet cruise flight conditions.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
NASA NTRS2003

A Study on the Development of Service Quality Index for Incheon International Airport

The main purpose of this study is located at developing Ominibus Monitors System(OMS) for internal management, which will enable to establish standards, finding out matters to be improved, and appreciation for its treatment in a systematic way. It is through developing subjective or objective estimation tool with use importance, perceived level, and complex index at international airport by each principal service items. The direction of this study came towards for the purpose of developing a metric analysis tool, utilizing the Quantitative Second Data, Analysing Perceived Data through airport user surveys, systemizing the data collection-input-analysis process, making data image according to graph of results, planning Service Encounter and endowing control attribution, and ensuring competitiveness at the minimal international standards. It is much important to set up a pre-investigation plan on the base of existent foreign literature and actual inspection to international airport. Two tasks have been executed together on the base of this pre-investigation; one is developing subjective estimation standards for departing party, entering party, and airport residence and the other is developing objective standards as complementary methods. The study has processed for the purpose of monitoring services at airports regularly and irregularly through developing software system for operating standards after ensuring credibility and feasibility of estimation standards with substantial and statistical way.

Lee, Kang Seok↗
NASA NTRS2002

Newly Enacted Intent Changes to ADS-B MASPS: Emphasis on Operations, Compatibility, and Integrity

Significant changes to the intent reporting structure in the Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) for Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) have recently been approved by RTCA Special Committee 186. The re-structured intent formats incorporate two major changes to the current MASPS (DO-242): addition of a Target State (TS) report that provides information on the horizontal and vertical targets for the current flight segment and replacement of the current Trajectory Change Point (TCP) and TCP+1 reports with Trajectory Change (TC) reports. TC reports include expanded information about TCPs and their connecting flight segments, in addition to making provisions for trajectory conformance elements. New intent elements are designed to accommodate a greater range of intent information, better reflect operational use and capabilities of existing and future aircraft avionics, and aid trajectory synthesis and conformance monitoring systems. These elements are expected to benefit near-term and future Air Traffic Management (ATM) applications, including separation assurance, local traffic flow management, and conformance monitoring. The current MASPS revision (DO-242A) implements those intent elements that are supported by current avionics standards and data buses. Additional elements are provisioned for inclusion in future MASPS revisions (beyond DO-242A) as avionics systems are evolved.

Barhydt, Richard↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Data-Driven Methodology for Contextual Unit Commitment Using Regression Residuals

Day after day, system operators are faced with the challenge of taking unit commitment (UC) decisions under uncertain net load conditions. The standard operating procedure for taking UC decisions begins by leveraging auxiliary data on covariates (such as the day of the week or latest weather information) to generate a point prediction for net load, which is used in solving a deterministic UC problem. Such an approach, however, is known to deliver a notoriously poor out-of-sample (OOS) performance, as it completely disregards the stochastic nature of net load. While stochastic programming models explicitly represent uncertainty, they mostly do so using a generic set of scenarios that neglect covariate observations, squandering useful auxiliary data that could be harnessed to glean insights into uncertainty. In this article, we discuss a contextual stochastic optimization approach to UC, which effectively exploits covariate observations while explicitly assessing uncertainty so as to boost the OOS performance of UC decisions. The key thrust of our approach is to leverage regression models, along with their empirical residuals, to set up and solve sample average approximation problems. Not only do we prove that our approach satisfies the requisite conditions for asymptotic optimality and consistency laid out in (Kannan et al., 2022), but we also assess its performance on several case studies conducted using real-world data collected in California ISO and New York ISO grids. In conclusion, results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve OOS performance compared to alternative methods proposed in the literature under varying dataset sizes.

Yurdakul, Ogun↗