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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 847 records · Page 47
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2010

Update on PISCES

An updated version of the Platform Independent Software Components for the Exploration of Space (PISCES) software library is available. A previous version was reported in Library for Developing Spacecraft-Mission-Planning Software (MSC-22983), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 25, No. 7 (July 2001), page 52. To recapitulate: This software provides for Web-based, collaborative development of computer programs for planning trajectories and trajectory- related aspects of spacecraft-mission design. The library was built using state-of-the-art object-oriented concepts and software-development methodologies. The components of PISCES include Java-language application programs arranged in a hierarchy of classes that facilitates the reuse of the components. As its full name suggests, the PISCES library affords platform-independence: The Java language makes it possible to use the classes and application programs with a Java virtual machine, which is available in most Web-browser programs. Another advantage is expandability: Object orientation facilitates expansion of the library through creation of a new class. Improvements in the library since the previous version include development of orbital-maneuver- planning and rendezvous-launch-window application programs, enhancement of capabilities for propagation of orbits, and development of a desktop user interface.

Pearson, Don↗
NASA NTRS2011

Stress-Driven Selection of Novel Phenotypes

A process has been developed that can confer novel properties, such as metal resistance, to a host bacterium. This same process can also be used to produce RNAs and peptides that have novel properties, such as the ability to bind particular compounds. It is inherent in the method that the peptide or RNA will behave as expected in the target organism. Plasmid-born mini-gene libraries coding for either a population of combinatorial peptides or stable, artificial RNAs carrying random inserts are produced. These libraries, which have no bias towards any biological function, are used to transform the organism of interest and to serve as an initial source of genetic variation for stress-driven evolution. The transformed bacteria are propagated under selective pressure in order to obtain variants with the desired properties. The process is highly distinct from in vitro methods because the variants are selected in the context of the cell while it is experiencing stress. Hence, the selected peptide or RNA will, by definition, work as expected in the target cell as the cell adapts to its presence during the selection process. Once the novel gene, which produces the sought phenotype, is obtained, it can be transferred to the main genome to increase the genetic stability in the organism. Alternatively, the cell line can be used to produce novel RNAs or peptides with selectable properties in large quantity for separate purposes. The system allows for easy, large-scale purification of the RNAs or peptide products. The process has been reduced to practice by imposing sub-inhibitory concentrations of NiCl2 on cells of the bacterium Escherichia coli that were transformed separately with the peptide library and RNA library. The evolved resistant clones were isolated, and sequences of the selected mini-gene variants were established. Clones resistant to NiCl2 were found to carry identical plasmid variants with a functional mini-gene that specifically conferred significant nickel tolerance on the host cells. Sequencing of the selected mini-gene revealed a propensity of the encoded peptide to bind transient metal ions. Expression of the mini-gene markedly improved growth parameters of the evolved clones at sub-inhibitory concentrations of NiCl2 while being slightly detrimental in the absence of stress. Similar results have been obtained with the RNA libraries. Overall, the results demonstrate a very natural outcome of the selection experiments in which the mini-genes were expected to be either successfully integrated into bacterial genetic networks, or rejected depending upon their effect on host fitness. This described approach can be useful as a laboratory model to study the dynamics of bacterial adaptive evolution on the molecular level. It can also provide a strategy for screening expressed DNA libraries in search of novel genes with desirable properties.

Fox, George E.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Depletion Chain Simplification With Pseudo-Nuclides to Model Decay Effects

This work introduces the novel usage of pseudo-nuclides to model decay effects which are otherwise absent from simplified depletion libraries. Pseudo-nuclides are artificial nuclides which, when added to a simplified depletion library, can preserve quantities of interest such as decay energy release or decay photon activity which are otherwise significantly under-predicted by simplified libraries. Several dozen pseudo-nuclides are capable of accurately modeling decay effects of hundreds of short-lived radionuclides. The computational resources needed to model the decay effects in depletion systems with simplified depletion libraries with pseudo-nuclides are significantly less than those needed when using simplified depletion libraries without pseudo-nuclides. When compared to the similar method of decay heat precursors for a given system, pseudo-nuclides allow for smaller depletion libraries to be generated because of their ability to more accurately model the fission product irradiation effect on decay heat.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Effect of Nuclear Data Covariances on Integral Experiment Design with Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis

Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) uses MCNP6.2 and the Whisper code for criticality safety analyses of the Hanford Tank Farm. Together the codes derive baseline upper subcritical limits (USLs) for the waste models using experimental benchmarks. Whisper returns higher USLs, i.e. , has less of a conservative penalty, when the neutronic similarity of the experimental benchmarks to the application is high. Unfortunately, few critical benchmarks have high similarity to the Hanford tanks. The waste in the tanks is highly dilute in plutonium and contains large masses of weakly neutron-absorbing elements like iron and manganese. Experimental benchmarks typically have low sensitivity to these absorbers because they are present as structural materials. Lacking similar benchmarks, new Thermal Epithermal eXperiment (TEX) configurations with high Pu content and interstitial iron absorbers have been designed for the criticality safety validation. The features of the design have been iterated upon to maximize the similarity between the experiment and different Hanford waste models. The similarity is quantified with sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification using the representativity coefficient, or c k . The representativity calculation requires nuclear data covariances, which may differ between nuclear data libraries and between library versions. Because of these variations, the optimal design may depend on the nuclear data covariances library. A scenario can be envisioned where an experiment is designed, and c k is maximized, with one set of covariance data. However, when the covariance data is changed, say from ENDF/B-VII.1 to ENDF/B-VIII.0, and the benchmark is used in a criticality safety evaluation, the experiment becomes suboptimal with respect to c k . In this paper, we present how the optimal design of the new TEX experiments varied depending on the nuclear data covariances used to calculate c k . We compare ENDF/B-VII.1 and ENDF/B-VIII.0, as if the library had been updated since the design of the experiment. Additionally, we use JEFF3.3 to simulate if the covariance data of a different library had been used. The results show that the covariances do have an important effect on the designs, less so for thermal systems (where the data are more consistent between evaluations) and more so for epithermal systems where more differences exist.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

An interlaboratory comparison of mid-infrared spectra acquisition: Instruments and procedures matter

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been extensively employed to deliver timely and cost-effective predictions of a number of soil properties. However, although several soil spectral laboratories have been established worldwide, the distinct characteristics of instruments and operations still hamper further integration and interoperability across mid-infrared (MIR) soil spectral libraries. In this study, we conducted a large-scale ring trial experiment to understand the lab-to-lab variability of multiple MIR instruments. By developing a systematic evaluation of different mathematical treatments with modeling algorithms, including regular preprocessing and spectral standardization, we quantified and evaluated instruments' dissimilarity and how this impacts internal and shared model performance. We found that all instruments delivered good predictions when calibrated internally using the same instruments' characteristics and standard operating procedures by solely relying on regular spectral preprocessing that accounts for light scattering and multiplicative/additive effects, e.g., using standard normal variate (SNV). When performing model transfer from a large public library (the USDA NSSCKSSL MIR library) to secondary instruments, good performance was also achieved by regular preprocessing (e. g., SNV) if both instruments shared the same manufacturer. However, significant differences between the KSSL MIR library and contrasting ring trial instruments responses were evident and confirmed by a semi-unsupervised spectral clustering. For heavily contrasting setups, spectral standardization was necessary before transferring prediction models. Non-linear model types like Cubist and memory-based learning delivered more precise estimates because they seemed to be less sensitive to spectral variations than global partial least square regression. In summary, the results from this study can assist new laboratories in building spectroscopy capacity utilizing existing MIR spectral libraries and support the recent global efforts to make soil spectroscopy universally accessible with centralized or shared operating procedures.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of constituent phases in transition joint between nickel alloy 738LC and a MnFeCoNiCu alloy

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed on transition joints between a single-phase MnFeCoNiCu alloy and Ni-base Alloy 738LC to efficiently identify the constituent phases across the interface, with different levels of material intermixing generated by laser-welding with variable power. Here, the intermixing extent was quantified by postmortem energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping. Diffraction-based analyses on complex composition spaces with limited prior data present significant challenges because elemental substitution in both disordered and ordered phases is more extensive than in conventional alloy spaces, which may effectuate relatively large shifts in the observed lattice parameters that convolute the analysis. Therefore, thermodynamic simulations and crystallographic literature data were employed to construct a system-specific diffraction library of twelve prospective phases for the composition space investigated. Subsequently, for predicted disordered cubic phases, statistical hard-sphere models were established to estimate the lattice parameters and predict diffraction peak positions for inclusion in the library. The library was then employed to analyze diffraction profiles measured from the variably intermixed transition joints, with focus on accounting for both high and low-intensity peaks. 99.0 % of diffraction peaks with relative intensity greater than 0.001 were assigned to phases from the system-specific library, exemplifying rigorous peak accounting and indicating that no unexpected phases were present. Up to six of the twelve library phases were experimentally found in the transition joints. The lattice parameters predicted by the statistical hard-sphere model based upon thermodynamic simulations agree reasonably well with the measured values for the disordered FCC matrix phase.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

CFM-ID 4.0: More Accurate ESI MS/MS Spectral Prediction and Compound Identification

In the field of metabolomics, mass spectrometry (MS) is the method most commonly used for identifying and annotating metabolites. As this typically involves matching a given MS spectrum against an experimentally acquired reference spectral library, this approach is limited by the coverage and size of such libraries (which typically number in the thousands). These experimental libraries can be greatly extended by predicting the MS spectra of known chemical structures (which number in the millions) to create computational reference spectral libraries. To facilitate the generation of predicted spectral reference libraries we developed CFM-ID, a computer program that can accurately predict ESI-MS/MS spectrum for a given compound structure. CFM-ID is one of the best-performing methods for compound-to-mass-spectrum prediction, and also one of the top tools for in silico mass-spectrum-to-compound identification. This work improves CFM-ID’s ability to predict ESI-MS/MS spectra from compounds by: (1) learning parameters from features based on the molecular topology, (2) adding a new approach to ring cleavage that models such cleavage as a sequence of simple chemical bond dissociations and (3) expanding its hand-written rule-based predictor to cover more chemical classes, including acylcarnitines, acylcholines, flavonols, flavones, flavanones, and flavonoid glycosides. We demonstrate that this new version of CFM-ID (version 4.0) is significantly more accurate than previous CFM-ID versions, in terms of both EI-MS/MS spectral prediction and compound identification. CFM-ID 4.0 is available at http://cfmid4.wishartlab.com/ as a webservice and docker images can be downloaded at https://hub.docker.com/r/wishartlab/cfmid

Wang, Fei↗
DOE OSTI2025

Thermophilic Chassis-Enabled High-Throughput Selection of a Thermostable Fluorogenic Reporter

Thermostable proteins show increased shelf life and performance at elevated temperatures and under harsh conditions, resulting in lower costs for various industrial and biotechnological applications. However, due to a limited understanding of the relationship between stability and function, protein stabilization remains primarily a trial-and-error approach. Therefore, building a combinatorial library of mutations predicted to improve stability, followed by experimental testing, represents a markedly improved methodology. However, the lack of high-throughput approaches to screen even a moderately sized library presents a major bottleneck in the field. Here, in this study, we use a thermophile, Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius (Ptherm) to rapidly screen combinatorial libraries consisting of rationally designed thermostabilizing mutations (∼10 3 –10 4 ) of a mesophilic fluorescent reporter, Y-FAST. On a Petri dish, microbial growth at an elevated temperature and exposure to fluorogen yielded several colonies of Ptherm that showed distinct fluorescence at 55 and 68 °C in our two sequentially generated libraries using Rosetta and ProteinMPNN, respectively. The Y-FAST variants isolated from fluorescent colonies were brighter than Y-FAST and showed higher resistance to thermal and chemical denaturation. AlphaFold-predicted structures and MD simulations revealed stability-enhancing salt bridges and hydrogen bond networks in the isolated FAST variants. The moderately thermostable FAST (tsFAST) and hyperstable FAST (hsFAST) were then demonstrated as translation reporters for protein expression and folding at elevated temperatures, such as 55 and 68 °C. Our approach of combinatorial library generation and high-throughput screening in a thermophilic chassis could, in principle, be extended to other proteins fused to these translation reporters. Furthermore, the hsFAST protein is small─half the size of the green fluorescent protein─and does not require oxygen for maturation, making it ideal for engineering extremophilic anaerobes for biosensing and bioconversion.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

pnnl/building_sync_rails

BuildingSyncRails is a library for the Ruby on Rails [1] web application development framework that leverages the Isomorphic library for the Ruby programming language (IPID Submission #11610) in order to provide BuildingSync [2] XML capabilities to Ruby on Rails applications. BuildingSyncRails provides the following capabilities: Capability to download the most recent version of the BuildingSync XML schema document from GitHub and to automatically convert said document into Ruby code. Toolkit for constructing and manipulating Ruby objects that represent BuildingSync XML elements. BuildingSyncRails builds upon the capabilities of the Isomorphic library for the Ruby programming language; specializing the generic capabilities of the Isomorphic library for BuildingSync specifically, e.g., by providing a library of BuildingSyncfriendly methods to simplify the construction of BuildingSync XML documents.

Borkum, Mark↗
DOE OSTI2022

pnnl/NWGraph

NWGraph aims to fill the role of a reusable library of generic graph algorithms for C++, similar to the algorithms available in the standard template library (STL) in C++. The library draws lessons learned from Boost Graph Library (BGL) and other libraries (PBGL, Galois, Gunrock, GraphX etc.), the evolution of the C++ language, and the evolution of C++ practice over the last 20 years.

Lumsdaine, Andrew↗
DOE OSTI2024

Hyperparameter Studies for Vision Transformers Trained on High-Fidelity Simulations

This library is a collection of python modules that define, train, and analyze vision-transformer (ViT) machine learning models. The code implements, with mild modifications, ViT models that have been made publicly available through publication and GitHub code. The training data for these models is hydrodynamic simulation output in the form of numpy arrays. This library contains code to train these ViT models on the hydrodynamic simulation output with a variety of hyperparameters, and to compare the results of such models. Furthermore, the library contains definitions of simple convolutional neural network (CNN) machine learning architectures which can be trained on the same hydrodynamic simulation output. These are included as a reference point to compare the ViT models to. Additionally, the library includes trained ViT and CNN models and example input data for demonstration purposes. The code is based on the PyTorch python library.

Callis, Skylar↗
DOE OSTI2025

Open Source Software Prevalence Ingest Tool

The OSSP Ingest Tool accepts user-input organizational information, ingests IT/OT asset lists in Excel format, and ingests the associated CycloneDX SBOM's. It then performs analytics demonstrating the ability to answer the follow research questions: o RQ1. Ability to identify all OSS services running on, and all OSS components present within, an OT device o RQ1a: Ability to differentiate multiple versions of the same OSS component within each OT device. o RQ1b: Ability to differentiate running from not-running OSS components. o RQ1c: Ability to differentiate based on the originator of the component, because a supplier may have modified it after retrieval from the upstream software source. o RQ2. Ability to correlate the identity of a single OSS component across multiple OT devices, mitigating common name variations such as differences in capitalization, '-' vs '_', and so on. o RQ3. Ability to perform subset analysis of OSS components across multiple OT devices o RQ3a: Ability to perform subset analysis across OSS libraries, generating density & distribution graphs to identify commonly-used libraries and outliers. o RQ3b: Ability to perform subset analysis of a single OSS library, generating density & distribution by CI sector, by device type, by device make/model, and/or by firmware version. o RQ3c: Ability to perform subset analysis by grouping OSS libraries according to programming language, then overlay with RQ4b. o RQ3d: Ability to perform subset analysis by OSS upstream source, providing insight into degree of modifications performed by suppliers. o RQ4. Ability to identify dependencies (transitive and direct) of each differentiated OSS library within each OT device, and enable RQ1,2,3 iteratively for dependencies. o RQ1. Ability to identify all OSS services running on, and all OSS components present within, an OT device o RQ1a: Ability to differentiate multiple versions of the same OSS component within each OT device. o RQ1b: Ability Page

Kapadia, Shayna [Lawrence Livermore National Labor↗
DOE OSTI2023

Phenopacket-tools: Building and validating GA4GH Phenopackets

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is a standards-setting organization that is developing a suite of coordinated standards for genomics. The GA4GH Phenopacket Schema is a standard for sharing disease and phenotype information that characterizes an individual person or biosample. The Phenopacket Schema is flexible and can represent clinical data for any kind of human disease including rare disease, complex disease, and cancer. It also allows consortia or databases to apply additional constraints to ensure uniform data collection for specific goals. We present phenopacket-tools, an open-source Java library and command-line application for construction, conversion, and validation of phenopackets. Phenopacket-tools simplifies construction of phenopackets by providing concise builders, programmatic shortcuts, and predefined building blocks (ontology classes) for concepts such as anatomical organs, age of onset, biospecimen type, and clinical modifiers. Phenopacket-tools can be used to validate the syntax and semantics of phenopackets as well as to assess adherence to additional user-defined requirements. The documentation includes examples showing how to use the Java library and the command-line tool to create and validate phenopackets. We demonstrate how to create, convert, and validate phenopackets using the library or the command-line application. Source code, API documentation, comprehensive user guide and a tutorial can be found at https://github.com/phenopackets/phenopacket-tools. The library can be installed from the public Maven Central artifact repository and the application is available as a standalone archive. The phenopacket-tools library helps developers implement and standardize the collection and exchange of phenotypic and other clinical data for use in phenotype-driven genomic diagnostics, translational research, and precision medicine applications.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Recent Updates in ETOE-2 and MC 2 -3

The MC 2 -3 code is a multigroup cross section generation code for fast reactor applications, developed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) under the DOE Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program. In this work, first, the cross section libraries for ENDF/B-VII.1 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 data were generated using the updated ETOE-2 code. Preliminary verification and validation tests of the ENDF/B-VII.1 MC 2 -3 library were performed with the selected fast reactor benchmark problems. Processing and verifying the libraries suggested that significant efforts would be required for thoroughly verifying the ENDF/B-VII.1 MC 2 -3 library and successfully processing the ENDF/B-VIII.0 MC 2 -3 library. Secondly, the cross section generation capability of MC 2 -3 was updated with the intermediate group lattice calculation and the equivalent Dancoff-factor cell (EDC) method to significantly improve the performance of a twodimensional assembly calculation using the method of characteristics (MOC). This effort was made useful in implementing and verifying the EDC method in the Griffin cross section API. Finally, we analyzed a SFR problem, for which unusually large deviations in core eigenvalues from Monte Carlo solutions were reported, by generating multigroup cross sections with MC 2 -3, performing core calculations with DIF3D-VARIANT, and analyzing cross section and eigenvalue results against Monte Carlo solutions. The analysis confirmed that the MC 2 -3/DIF3D solutions were in good agreement with Monte Carlo solutions, providing the correct process of accurately generating broad-group cross sections with MC 2 -3

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Batched Sparse Linear Algebra (Final Report for Subcontract B648960)

This report finalizes design specifications for developing batched kernels for small tensor operations for unassembled matrix-free iterative solvers, batched solvers for partially assembled operators, and batched solvers with support for various sparse formats. The outcome of the project milestones is a set of interfaces to Batched Sparse LA solvers running on hardware accelerators for use in ECP Libraries and Applications. It is part of the development of sparse batched kernels, solvers/preconditioners as well as creating interoperability in xSDK libraries with sparse and dense batched functions to benefit ECP applications. The participants included representatives from ECP libraries (not limited to the xSDK project), applications, and vendors (AMD, Intel, and NVIDIA). Batched sparse linear algebra solvers form the new frontier for algorithmic development and performance engineering. Many applications (ECP and non-ECP alike) require simultaneous solutions of small linear systems of equations that are structurally sparse. To move towards high hardware utilization, it is important to provide these applications with appropriate interfaces to efficient batched sparse solvers running on modern hardware accelerators. We present interface designs in use by HPC software libraries supporting batched sparse linear algebra and the development of sparse batched kernel codes for solvers and preconditioners. We also address the potential interoperability opportunities to keep the software portable between the major hardware accelerators from AMD, Intel, and NVIDIA. The presented interface specifications includes batched band, sparse iterative, and sparse direct solvers. This report summarizes progress in Kokkos Kernels and the xSDK libraries MAGMA, Ginkgo, hypre, SUNDIALS, and SuperLU_dist.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1992

The Keck keyword layer

Each Keck instrument presents a consistent software view to the user interface programmer. The view consists of a small library of functions, which are identical for all instruments, and a large set of keywords, that vary from instrument to instrument. All knowledge of the underlying task structure is hidden from the application programmer by the keyword layer. Image capture software uses the same function library to collect data for the image header. Because the image capture software and the instrument control software are built on top of the same keyword layer, a given observation can be 'replayed' by extracting keyword-value pairs from the image header and passing them back to the control system. The keyword layer features non-blocking as well as blocking I/O. A non-blocking keyword write operation (such as setting a filter position) specifies a callback to be invoked when the operation is complete. A non-blocking keyword read operation specifies a callback to be invoked whenever the keyword changes state. The keyword-callback style meshes well with the widget-callback style commonly used in X window programs. The first keyword library was built for the two Keck optical instruments. More recently, keyword libraries have been developed for the infrared instruments and for telescope control. Although the underlying mechanisms used for inter-process communication by each of these systems vary widely (Lick MUSIC, Sun RPC, and direct socket I/O, respectively), a basic user interface has been written that can be used with any of these systems. Since the keyword libraries are bound to user interface programs dynamically at run time, only a single set of user interface executables is needed. For example, the same program, 'xshow', can be used to display continuously the telescope's position, the time left in an instrument's exposure, or both values simultaneously. Less generic tools that operate on specific keywords, for example an X display that controls optical instrument exposures, have also been written using the keyword layer.

Conrad, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1993

An integrated runtime and compile-time approach for parallelizing structured and block structured applications

Scientific and engineering applications often involve structured meshes. These meshes may be nested (for multigrid codes) and/or irregularly coupled (called multiblock or irregularly coupled regular mesh problems). A combined runtime and compile-time approach for parallelizing these applications on distributed memory parallel machines in an efficient and machine-independent fashion was described. A runtime library which can be used to port these applications on distributed memory machines was designed and implemented. The library is currently implemented on several different systems. To further ease the task of application programmers, methods were developed for integrating this runtime library with compilers for HPK-like parallel programming languages. How this runtime library was integrated with the Fortran 90D compiler being developed at Syracuse University is discussed. Experimental results to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach are presented. A multiblock Navier-Stokes solver template and a multigrid code were experimented with. Our experimental results show that our primitives have low runtime communication overheads. Further, the compiler parallelized codes perform within 20 percent of the code parallelized by manually inserting calls to the runtime library.

Agrawal, Gagan↗
NASA NTRS1998

High End Computer Network Testbedding at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

The Earth & Space Data Computing (ESDC) Division, at the Goddard Space Flight Center, is involved in development and demonstrating various high end computer networking capabilities. The ESDC has several high end super computers. These are used to run: (1) computer simulation of the climate systems; (2) to support the Earth and Space Sciences (ESS) project; (3) to support the Grand Challenge (GC) Science, which is aimed at understanding the turbulent convection and dynamos in stars. GC research occurs in many sites throughout the country, and this research is enabled by, in part, the multiple high performance network interconnections. The application drivers for High End Computer Networking use distributed supercomputing to support virtual reality applications, such as TerraVision, (i.e., three dimensional browser of remotely accessed data), and Cave Automatic Virtual Environments (CAVE). Workstations can access and display data from multiple CAVE's with video servers, which allows for group/project collaborations using a combination of video, data, voice and shared white boarding. The ESDC is also developing and demonstrating the high degree of interoperability between satellite and terrestrial-based networks. To this end, the ESDC is conducting research and evaluations of new computer networking protocols and related technologies which improve the interoperability of satellite and terrestrial networks. The ESDC is also involved in the Security Proof of Concept Keystone (SPOCK) program sponsored by National Security Agency (NSA). The SPOCK activity provides a forum for government users and security technology providers to share information on security requirements, emerging technologies and new product developments. Also, the ESDC is involved in the Trans-Pacific Digital Library Experiment, which aims to demonstrate and evaluate the use of high performance satellite communications and advanced data communications protocols to enable interactive digital library data access between the U. S. Library of Congress, the National Library of Japan and other digital library sites at 155 MegaBytes Per Second. The ESDC participation in this program is the Trans-Pacific access to GLOBE visualizations in real time. ESDC is participating in the Department of Defense's ATDNet with Multiwavelength Optical Network (MONET) a fully switched Wavelength Division Networking testbed. This presentation is in viewgraph format.

Gary, James Patrick↗