Lab Tests: Verifying that Smart Grid Power Converters are Truly Smart
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24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
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Evaluation of Centralized Model Based FLISR in a Lab Setup
Utilities are installing advanced distribution management systems (ADMS) around the globe to improve the sensing and control of distribution systems. ADMS is becoming a critical component to improve the resiliency and reliability of distribution systems. These management systems host a multitude of applications that can be used to sense, control, and operate distribution systems. Fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR) is one of the ADMS applications that is critical to improving resilience during fault conditions. FLISR applications use smart, controllable devices that are installed in the distribution system for FLISR operation. These controllable devices include distributed energy resources (DER) and reclosers. Evaluating such ADMS applications before installation in the field can help de-risk the field implementation and avoid costly failures in the field. This paper presents a background on experimental setup that are typically used to evaluate ADMS applications. This is followed by briefly presenting the setup used to evaluate the FLISR application in an off-the-shelf ADMS tool. Finally, results from the evaluation experiments are presented.
94 GMLC - Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium↗
Low Loss Superconducting Microstrip Development at Argonne National Lab
Low loss superconducting microstrip is an essential component in realizing 100 kilo-pixel multichroic cosmic microwave background detector arrays. In this paper, we have been developing a low loss microstrip by understanding and controlling the loss mechanisms. We present the fabrication of the superconducting microstrip, the loss measurements at a few GHz frequencies using half-wavelength resonators, and the loss measurements at 220 GHz frequencies with the superconducting microstrip coupled to slot antennas at one end and to TES detectors at the other end. Finally, the measured loss tangent of the microstrip made of sputtered Nb and SiOx is 1-2e-3.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Design and Manufacture of the Conduction Cooled Torus Coils for the Jefferson Lab 12GeV Upgrade
The design of the 12-GeV torus required the construction of six superconducting coils with a unique geometry required for the experimental needs of Jefferson Laboratory Hall B. Each of these coils consists of 234 turns of copper-stabilized superconducting cable conduction cooled by 4.6 K helium gas. The finished coils are each roughly 2 × 4 × 0.05 m and supported in an aluminum coil case. Because of its geometry, new tooling and manufacturing methods had to be developed for each stage of construction. The tooling was designed and developed while producing a practice coil at Fermi National Laboratory. This paper describes the tooling and manufacturing techniques required to produce the six production coils and two spare coils required by the project. Project status and future plans are also presented.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Design and Fabrication of the Superconducting Horizontal Bend Magnet for the Super High Momentum Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab
A collaboration exists between NSCL and JLab to design and build JLab's Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) horizontal bend magnet that allows the bending of the 12 GeV/c particles horizontally by 3° to allow SHMS to reach angles as low as 5.5°. Two full size coils have been wound and are cold tested for both magnetic and structural properties. Each coil is built from 90 layers of single-turn SSC outer conductor cable. An initial test coil with one third the turns was fabricated to demonstrate that the unique saddle shape with fully contoured ends could be wound with Rutherford superconducting cable. Learned lessons during the trial winding were integrated into the two complete full-scale coils that are now installed in the helium vessel. The fabrication of the iron yoke, cold mass, and thermal shield is complete, and assembly of the vacuum vessel is in progress. This paper presents the process and progress along with the modified magnet design to reduce the fringe field in the primary beam region and also includes the impact of the changes on coil forces and coil restraint system.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
A Bulk Superconducting Magnetic System for the CLAS12 Target at Jefferson Lab
A feasibility study of a bulk magnetic system for the target of an experiment to measure the transverse spin effects in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) at 11 GeV with a transversely polarized target using the CLAS12 detector is presented. An experiment has been approved with the highest priority rating to study spin azimuthal asymmetries in SIDIS using 11-GeV polarized electron beams from the upgraded CEBAF facility and the CLAS12 detector equipped with a transversely polarized target. The transverse target in CLAS12 requires the shielding of a volume inside the longitudinal field of the main solenoid. In the shielded region, a transverse target magnet can operate; for the proposed magnetic configuration, the main solenoid maximum magnetic induction is 2 T. A bulk MgB 2 cylinder cooled in liquid helium is proposed both to shield the longitudinal field of the main solenoid and to provide a transverse field induction up to 1.2 T for the hydrogen deuteride ice (HD-ice) target. The installation and magnetization procedure will be described. The magnetization procedure has to be compatible with the polarization and installation procedure of the HD-ice target. The design of a test bench to measure the transverse magnetization of a MgB2 bulk cylinder cooled by a coldhead is presented together with the scheduled measurements.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Overview of torus magnet coil production at Fermilab for the Jefferson Lab 12-GeV Hall B upgrade
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) fabricated the torus magnet coils for the 12 GeV Hall B upgrade at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab). The production consisted of 6 large superconducting coils for the magnet and 2 spare coils. The toroidal field coils are approximately 2 m x 4 m x 5 cm thick. Each of these coils consists of two layers, each of which has 117 turns of copper-stabilized superconducting cable which will be conduction cooled by helium gas. Due to the size of the coils and their unique geometry, Fermilab designed and fabricated specialized tooling and, together with JLab, developed unique manufacturing techniques for each stage of the coil construction. In conclusion, this paper describes the tooling and manufacturing techniques required to produce the six production coils and two spare coils needed by the project.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Commissioning of horizontal-bend superconducting magnet for Jefferson Lab's 11-GeV super high momentum spectrometer
Commissioning characteristics of the Superconducting High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) Horizontal Bend (HB) magnet was presented. Pre-commissioning peer review of the magnet uncovered issues with eddy currents in the thermal shield, resulting in additional testing and modeling of the magnet. A three-stage test plan was discussed. A solution of using a small dump resistor and a warm thermal shield was presented. Analyses illustrated that it was safe to run the magnet to full test current. As a result, the HB magnet was successfully cooled to 4 K and reached its maximum test current of 4000 A.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
A Dual 5T Superconducting Magnet System for the Brookhaven National Lab Electron Beam Ion Source
Cryomagnetics has delivered an upgraded magnet system to the Brookhaven National Laboratory's RHIC Electron Beam Ion Source project. This consists of two 2.25-m long, 215-mm room temperature bore 5T solenoids separated by 20 cm. The initial system used a single PT-415RM cryocooler but was unstable a long term. As a result, the new system adds a second SHI cryocooler, which produces much higher recondensing margins.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Design and Prototyping of a Novel Toroidal Magnet System for MOLLER Experiment at Jefferson Lab
The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) has designed a unique spectrometer system to measure the weak interaction between electrons. The experiment— Measurement of Lepton-Lepton Electroweak Reaction (MOLLER)—requires leveraging the recent 12 GeV electron beam upgrade and will run in JLab for three years. Focusing the signal for the MOLLER experiment requires five water-cooled toroidal magnets, each with unique geometry and with 7-fold symmetry. The five magnets operate in a vacuum and provide the magnetic field required to separate the incident beam electrons scattered from the target electrons (Møller scattering) and protons (elastic e-p scattering) in a liquid hydrogen target. The conceptual design was developed by the MOLLER Collaboration and was given to JLab in the form of amp turns and physical location, with additional physics requirements. This article presents prototyping of the coils and magnet support system and discusses the lessons learned during the process along with the plans for full magnet testing and installation. The JLab Magnet Group along with the MOLLER Collaboration developed the specification document that includes keep out zones to design the set of magnets. JLab contracted the design of the first toroid magnet (TM0) of the magnet system to Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The other four toroid magnets (TM1 through TM4) have been designed by JLab and are in the process of fabrication and assembly. Prototype coils of TM1-TM4 were fabricated by Everson-Tesla Incorporated, PA (USA). Finally, this article presents the unique challenges of the design, alignment, high current density, operating range, high radiation dose, and vacuum environment.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Assembly of the MOLLER Toroidal Magnets at Jefferson Lab
The MOLLER experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) aims to precisely measure the weak interaction between electrons. This experiment leverages the 12 GeV electron beam and will run for three years. A crucial component of MOLLER is a system of five uniquely shaped water-cooled toroidal magnets. These magnets, possessing seven-fold symmetry, are designed to focus particles by separating electrons scattered off hydrogen in a liquid hydrogen target. The five magnets separate electrons scattered off electrons (Møller scattering) and protons (elastic e-p scattering) within target into approximately circular rings at the detector. Here, this paper presents the assembly process for these five toroidal magnets, detailing critical steps including epoxy application, pin insertion, soldering and brazing, coil assembly, and alignment, all performed to meet stringent magnet specifications. Additionally, it discusses challenges encountered during construction and highlights lessons learned, offering insights for future magnet development projects.
Lamont, Joseph [Thomas Jefferson National Accelera↗
Magnetic Field Mapping Design for the MOLLER Spectrometer Magnets at Jefferson Lab
The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) has developed a unique spectrometer system to study the weak interaction between electrons. The "Measurement of Lepton-Lepton Electroweak Reaction" (MOLLER) experiment, utilizing JLab's recent 12 GeV electron beam upgrade, is scheduled to operate for three years. Central to the MOLLER experiment are five water-cooled toroidal magnets, each with a unique geometry and seven-fold symmetry, designed to focus the particles. These magnets generate the magnetic field needed to separate incident beam electrons scattered from target electrons (Møller scattering) and protons (elastic e-p scattering) within a liquid hydrogen target. Here, this paper details the magnet field measuring technique developed to map all five MOLLER toroidal magnets at multiple locations inside and along the bore. It covers the design, mounting, and operation of the probe, along with the calibration procedure to determine the field and to prepare a field map for GEANT4 analysis. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges of accurately measuring low magnetic fields.
Ghoshal, Probir K. [Thomas Jefferson National Acce↗
In‐depth comparative analysis of Illumina ® MiSeq run metrics: Development of a wet‐lab quality assessment tool
Abstract Whole genome sequencing of bacterial isolates has become a daily task in many laboratories, generating incredible amounts of data. However, data acquisition is not an end in itself; the goal is to acquire high‐quality data useful for understanding genetic relationships. Having a method that could rapidly determine which of the many available run metrics are the most important indicators of overall run quality and having a way to monitor these during a given sequencing run would be extremely helpful to this effect. Therefore, we compared various run metrics across 486 MiSeq runs, from five different machines. By performing a statistical analysis using principal components analysis and a K ‐means clustering algorithm of the metrics, we were able to validate metric comparisons among instruments, allowing for the development of a predictive algorithm, which permits one to observe whether a given MiSeq run has performed adequately. This algorithm is available in an Excel spreadsheet: that is, MiSeq Instrument & Run (In‐Run) Forecast. Our tool can help verify that the quantity/quality of the generated sequencing data consistently meets or exceeds recommended manufacturer expectations. Patterns of deviation from those expectations can be used to assess potential run problems and plan preventative maintenance, which can save valuable time and funding resources.
Kastanis, George John↗
Overview and status of the 0.5NA EUV microfield exposure tool at Berkeley Lab
© 2019 SPIE. A 0.5-NA extreme ultraviolet micro-field exposure tool has been installed and commissioned at beamline 12.0.1.4 of the Advanced Light Source synchrotron facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Commissioning has demonstrated a patterning resolution of 13 nm half-pitch with annular 0.35-0.55 illumination; a patterning resolution of 8 nm half-pitch with annular 0.1-0.2 illumination; critical dimension (CD) uniformity of 0.7 nm 1σ on 16 nm nominal CD across 80% of the 200 um x 30 um aberration corrected field of view; aerial image vibration relative to the wafer of 0.75 nn RMS and focus control and focus stepping better than 15 nm.
Anderson, Christopher N.↗
The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A: A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 seconds is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. But, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. We found it difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Using a Positron Beam in Hall-C at Jefferson Lab
In this study we propose to use the High Momentum Spectrometer of Hall C combined with the Neutral Particle Spectrometer (NPS) to perform high precision measurements of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) cross section using a beam of positrons. The combination of measurements with oppositely charged incident beams is the only unambiguous way to disentangle the contribution of the DVCS 2 term in the photon electroproduction cross section from its interference with the Bethe-Heitler amplitude. This provides a stronger way to constrain the Generalized Parton Distributions of the nucleon. A wide range of kinematics accessible with an 11 GeV beam off an unpolarized proton target will be covered. The $\mathcal{Q}^2$-dependence of each contribution will be measured independently.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Strong interaction physics at the luminosity frontier with 22 GeV electrons at Jefferson Lab
Here, the purpose of this document is to outline the developing scientific case for pursuing an energy upgrade to 22 GeV of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF, or JLab). This document was developed with input from a series of workshops held in the period between March 2022 and April 2023 that were organized by the JLab user community and staff with guidance from JLab management (see Sec. 10). The scientific case for the 22 GeV energy upgrade leverages existing or already planned Hall equipment and world-wide uniqueness of CEBAF high-luminosity operations.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Measurement of $$\alpha $$-particle quenching in LAB based scintillator in independent small-scale experiments
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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗