Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “IR”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 847 records · Page 47
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Chemically Synthesized Gold and Silver Particles Absorbing in the Near-IR Spectral Range

We propose methods for creating spherical gold particles of submicron size and silver rod-like particles with transverse dimensions of ~10 nm and an aspect ratio of 1: 10. Factors determining the frequency of plasmon resonances are considered, reagents are selected, and their ratios for obtaining prolate silver particles are determined. An optimal concentration of the surfactant is determined for creating most elongated silver particles. A shift of the plasmon absorption toward the near-IR range of the spectrum is obtained.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Spectral and Angular Dependences of the Efficiency of Three-Layer Relief-Phase Diffraction Elements of the IR Range

Within the framework of the scalar and rigorous diffraction theory based on solving a system of Maxwell equations, saw-tooth relief-phase three-layer microstructures designed for the work with polychromatic radiation of the mid-IR range (3 ≤ λ ≤ 5 μm) are studied. The series of effective microstructures composed of different optical materials is extended, and the depths of their reliefs are minimized. The series is extended, in particular, owing to microstructures in which Fresnel losses for reflection from both reliefs do not exceed 10%. This factor, in combination with the relatively low total relief depth, can turn out to be decisive when choosing one or another microstructure for solving a specific scientific or technological problem.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Analysis of Characteristics of the Sensing Elements for the Fiber-Based Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy in the Mid-IR

Characteristics of the sensing element of a fiber sensor for evanescent wave mid-IR spectroscopy have been studied within the electromagnetic theory of fiber waveguides by using the problem of determining the concentration of aqueous acetone solutions as an example. A multimode chalcogenide fiber was used as a sensing element. It has been shown that the selective excitation of the fiber modes may provide the possibility to increase the sensitivity of the fiber sensing element, decrease the minimum detectable concentration of a substance in a solution, and enhance the range of measured solution concentrations.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Crystal structure and IR spectroscopic study of (CN{sub 3}H{sub 6}){sub 2}[(UO{sub 2}){sub 2}(C{sub 2}O{sub 4})(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 4}]

Compound (CN{sub 3}H{sub 6}){sub 2}[(UO{sub 2}){sub 2}(C{sub 2}O{sub 4})(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 4}] is synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction [a = 8.5264(2) A, b = 13.8438(4) A, c = 10.7284(2) A, {beta} = 103.543(1) Degree-Sign , space group P2{sub 1}/n, Z = 2, and R = 0.0258]. The main structural units of the crystals are binuclear [(UO{sub 2}){sub 2}C{sub 2}O{sub 4}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 4}]{sup 2-} groups, which belong to the A{sub 2}K{sup 02}B{sub 4}{sup 01} crystal chemical group of uranyl complexes (A = UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}, K{sup 02} = C{sub 2}O{sub 4}{sup 2-}, and B{sup 01} = CH{sub 3}COO{sup -}). The coordination polyhedron of the uranium atom is the UO{sub 8} hexagonal bipyramid with the oxygen atoms of the uranyl ion at the axial positions. Uranium-containing groups and guanidinium cations are connected by electrostatic interactions and by the hydrogen bond system, which involves hydrogen atoms of guanidinium cations and oxygen atoms of oxalate and acetate anions. The results of the spectroscopic study of the compound agree with the X-ray diffraction data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Experimental (X-ray, FT-IR, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy) and Theoretical Methods (DFT Study) of N'-(Dipyridin-2-ylmethylene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide

A new hydrazone derivative was synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound was established to reveal antibacterial activity. The compound (C{sub 18}H{sub 16}N{sub 4}O{sub 2}S) crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with C2/c space group. The molecular structure is stabilized by a C–H···O intermolecular hydrogen bond. Quantum chemical calculations based on DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) were carried out and the results were compared with the experimental data. The calculated vibrational frequencies were used to determine the types of molecular motions associated with each of the observed experimental bands. UV-Vis absorption spectra of the compound calculated by TD-DFT have been ascribed to their corresponding molecular structure and electron transitions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Experimental and theoretical study of the near IR emission of xenon excited by a fast electron beam

Emission of xenon excited by a 120-keV electron beam at gas pressures of 100, 200, 500, and 760 Torr nm was studied experimentally and theoretically. More than 30 spectral lines were identified in the wavelength range of 750–1000 nm. A self-consistent kinetic model is developed to calculate the emission intensity of xenon atoms in the near IR range. The model includes balance equations for the number densities of electrons, ions and excimer molecules; equations for the populations of electron levels; and the Boltzmann equation for the low-energy part of the electron energy distribution function with a source of slow electrons. Excitation and ionization rates of xenon by the beam electrons and the energy spectrum of slow electrons are calculated by the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that, under these conditions, the main mechanism of xenon atom excitation is dissociative recombination of Xe{sub 3}{sup +} ions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Emission intensity in the visible and IR spectral ranges from Si-based structures formed by direct bonding with simultaneous doping with erbium (Er) and europium (Eu)

The photo- and electroluminescence spectra of silicon-based structures formed by direct bonding with simultaneous doping with rare-earth metals are studied. It is shown that emission in the visible and IR spectral ranges can be obtained from n-Si:Er/p-Si and n-Si:Eu/p-Si structures fabricated by the method suggested in the study. The results obtained make this method promising for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spin valves based on Mn{sub 75}Ir{sub 25} antiferromagnet with controllable functional parameters

Using the example of spin valves of the Ta(50 Å)/Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20}(30 Å)/Co{sub 90}Fe{sub 10}(15 Å)/Cu(28 Å)/Co{sub 90}Fe{sub 10}(20 Å)/Mn{sub 75}Ir{sub 25}(50 Å)/Ta(20 Å) composition, factors controlling the hysteresis properties are studied for the case of macro- and microscopic sizes of an experimental sample. It is shown that a linear change in the magnetoresistance with small hysteresis while retaining the giant magnetoresistance effect at a level of 8% can be obtained in a micro-object (meander) using thermomagnetic treatment.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Specific Features of the IR Reflectance and Raman Spectra of Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3 –} {sub x}Se{sub x} Crystals

A comprehensive study (X-ray phase analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and IR reflectance measurements) of p-Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3 –} {sub x}Se{sub x} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) crystals synthesized by the Czochralski method is carried out. The X-ray phase data and Raman spectra show that all of the alloy samples under study are rhombohedral crystals in structure, with unit-cell parameters close to those of Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3} crystals. At the same time, the formation of regions with different degrees of the replacement of Te atoms with Se atoms is observed. The reflectance spectra of the crystals, R(ν), have a characteristic minimum at about 1000 cm{sup –1}. The minimum is attributed to hole plasma vibrations. The plasma minimum systematically shifts to higher frequencies, as the Se content is increased. Calculation of the reflectance spectra in the context of the Drude–Lorentz model satisfactorily describes the experimental data; in this case, it is necessary to take into account also the contribution of optical crystal-lattice vibrations to spectra in the low-frequency region. The calculation makes it possible to determine the optical parameters of the crystals and to estimate the hole effective mass and the optical conductivity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Spherical Distributed Bragg Reflector with an Omnidirectional Stop Band in the Near-IR Spectral Range

Spherical distributed Bragg reflectors (SDBR) for near-IR (infrared) applications are fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition. The SDBRs consist of alternating quarter-wave layers of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) and amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO{sub 2}), deposited onto a glass or quartz microsphere that has a diameter of 500 μm and is doped with erbium ions. The reflection and transmission spectra of a SDBR are measured at different points on its surface. A wide band with high reflectance and low transmittance, i.e., a stop band, is detected. It is demonstrated that, for different radial directions from the center of the microspheres, the stop bands overlap to form an omnidirectional stop band. The influence exerted by the omnidirectional stop band on the spontaneous emission of erbium ions (1.53 μm) from the quartz microsphere is studied. It is shown that the omnidirectional stop band suppresses the intensity of spontaneous emission by more than an order of magnitude.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Novel IR Phosphor Based on Sr{sub 3}La{sub 2}(Ge{sub 3}O{sub 9}){sub 2} : Nd{sup 3+},Ho{sup 3+} Germanate

Cyclogermanate Sr{sub 3}La{sub 2}(Ge{sub 3}O{sub 9}){sub 2}, isostructural to silicate Sr{sub 3}Er{sub 2}(Si{sub 3}O{sub 9}){sub 2}, activated by neodymium and holmium is obtained for the first time by the precursor method. Ion Nd{sup 3+} in the structure of Sr{sub 3}La{sub 2}(Ge{sub 3}O{sub 9}){sub 2} is a sensitizer of the infrared luminescence of Ho{sup 3+}. Excitation by radiation with a wavelength of 808 nm leads to a series of emission lines in the luminescence spectra of Sr{sub 3}La{sub 2-x}Nd{sub x}(Ge{sub 3}O{sub 9}){sub 2} : Ho{sup 3+} in the short-wave and middle-IR ranges (1.0–3.4 μm). The highest intensity of lines at 2.1 and 2.7 μm, associated with the {sup 5}I{sub 7} → {sup 5}I{sub 8} and {sup 5}I{sub 6} → {sup 5}I{sub 7} transitions in the Ho{sup 3+} ion, is found for compositions containing traces of holmium. Based on the analysis of the concentration dependences of the luminescence intensity, an optimal composition of the phosphor is determined, which ensures the maximum efficiency of conversion of laser radiation energy. The data obtained are interpreted in the assumption of cross-relaxation energy transfer from Nd{sup 3+} to Ho{sup 3+}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Electronic Structure, Mechanical and Dynamical Stability of Hexagonal Subcarbides M{sub 2}C (M = Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt): Ab Initio Calculations

Ab initio calculations were used to study the properties of a series of hexagonal (Fe{sub 2}N-like) subcarbides M{sub 2}C, where M = Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt, and to calculate their equilibrium structural parameters, electronic properties, phase stability, elastic constants, compression modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, compressibility, Pugh’s indicator, Poisson ratio, elastic anisotropy indices, and also hardness, Debye temperature, sound velocity, and low-temperature heat capacity. It is found based on these results that all the subcarbides are mechanically stable; however, their formation energies E{sub form} are positive with respect to a mixture of d-metal and graphite. In addition, the calculation of the phonon spectra of these subcarbides shows the existence of negative modes, which indicates their dynamical instability. Thus, a successful synthesis of these subcarbides at normal conditions is highly improbable.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Pulsed IR Laser Radiation on the Dynamics and Morphology of Deformation Bands in an Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

The dynamics and morphology of deformation bands under the simultaneous effect of mechanical loading and pulsed IR laser radiation on the surface of in aluminum–magnesium alloy AlMg6 were studied by high-speed video recording. The conditions, under which a laser pulse pierces a through hole with a diameter of an order of magnitude smaller than the thickness of a plane specimen, thus inducing the development of a complicated spatiotemporal structure of deformation bands and a macroscopic jump in the tension diagram, were determined. The morphological transitions associated with the transformation of the type, shape, and spatiostatistical distribution of bands with a change in the laser pulse energy density were revealed. The probable mechanism of this phenomenon was discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Structural, Elastic, Electronic Properties and Interatomic Interactions in Metallic Tetraboride Series MB{sub 4} (M = Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt) Obtained from FLAPW–GGA Calculations

The report presents the results of systematic first-principle FLAPW–GGA calculations of a series of metallic tetraborides MB{sub 4} (where M = Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt) with space groups Pmmn, Immm, R-3m, and Pnnm. Their equilibrium structural parameters, cohesion and formation energies, elastic constants, anisotropies, Vickers microhardnesses, Debye temperatures, sound velocities, as well as electronic properties and interatomic interactions are estimated and analyzed as compared to each other and the available theoretical data.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Study of the Kinetics of the Phase Transition of the First Order in Tetracosane C{sub 24}H{sub 50} by Fourier-Transform IR Spectroscopy

The kinetics of the development of the structural phase transition of the first order in monodisperse samples of tetracosane C{sub 24}H{sub 50} has been studied using Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. Temperature dependences of frequencies and intensities of rocking (in the region of ν ~ 720 cm{sup –1}) and bending (in the region of ν ~ 1470 cm{sup –1}) vibration modes of CH{sub 2} groups in trans methylene sequences in crystalline cores of elementary lamellae has been analyzed. It has been shown that the solid-phase transition of the first order develops by the heterogeneous mechanism in a narrow temperature interval ΔT ~ 2 K according to the theory of diffuse phase transitions of the first order and is caused by changes in the symmetry of crystallographic cells.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Simulation of a Detector of Visible and Near-IR Electromagnetic Radiation Based on Artificial Diamond

A method for calculation of the I–V characteristic is proposed for a detector of visible and near-IR electromagnetic radiation based on artificial diamond with allowance for vertical flow of electric current. The method can be used when the free-path length of carriers in diamond is less than the scale of variations in the concentration of carriers. The method is used to determine the following detector characteristics: the dependence of current on voltage, distribution of carrier concentration, and electric potential for a particular variant of a photodetector based on polycrystalline diamond film consisting of nanosized single crystals doped with boron.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

IR Photodetectors Based on Isoperiodic Epitaxial Layers of Lead Tin Chalcogenides

IR photodetectors have been made on Pb/δ-layer/p-Pb{sub 1 –x}Sn{sub x}Te{sub 1 –y}Se{sub y}/p{sup +}-Pb{sub 0.8}Sn{sub 0.2}Te/Au and Au/δ-layer/n-Pb{sub 1 –x}Sn{sub x}Te{sub 1 –y}Se{sub y}(BaF{sub 2})/Pb surface-barrier structures prepared by liquid-phase epitaxy and thermal evaporation. At ~170 K, peak wavelength λ{sub p} ~ 7.9–8.2 μm, and cutoff wavelength λ{sub c} ~ 8.2–8.5 μm, the former surface-barrier structure has product R{sub 0}A (where R{sub 0} is the zero-bias differential resistance and A is the active surface area) = 0.31–0.97 Ω cm{sup 2}, peak quantum efficiency η{sub λ} = 0.32–0.48, and specific detectability D{sub λ}{sup ∗} = (0.72–1.83) × 10{sup 10} cm Hz{sup 1/2} W{sup –1}. For photodiodes made on the latter surface-barrier structure, these parameters measured at ~80 K are R{sub 0}A = 1.71–2.72 Ω cm{sup 2}, η{sub λ} = 0.34–0.49, and D{sub λ}{sup ∗} = (3.02–4.51) × 10{sup 10} cm Hz{sup 1/2} W{sup –1} at λ{sub p} ~ 8.6–12.3 μm and λ{sub c} ~ 9.2–12.9 μm.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2017

A CVD Diamond-Based Photodetector for the Visible and Near-IR Spectral Range

A photodetector for the visible and near-IR spectral range has been created on the basis of a chemical- vapor-deposited diamond modulation-doped with boron. The detected electromagnetic radiation is absorbed in a thin Cr (7 nm)–Au (5.5 nm) bimetallic sublayer deposited on the surface of a modulationdoped diamond film comprising a highly doped (up to 5 × 10{sup 19} cm{sup –3}) 3-nm-thick delta-layer, low-doped (~10{sup 17} cm{sup –3}) 800-nm-thick sublayer, and highly doped (10{sup 20} cm{sup –3}) ~10-μm-thick sublayer with an ohmic Ti(50 nm)/Pt(15 nm)/Au(30 nm) contact. Holes generated in the bimetallic sublayer diffuse into diamond and are accelerated by an electric field in the low-doped sublayer to form a response photocurrent. The ampere/watt responsivity of the photodetector reaches 1 μA/W at a radiation wavelength of 445 nm and 0.18 μA/W at 1.06 μm.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗