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Results for “ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 847 records · Page 47
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Radiation of de-excited electrons at large times in a strong electromagnetic plane wave

The late time asymptotics of the physical solutions to the Lorentz–Dirac equation in the electromagnetic external fields of simple configurations–the constant homogeneous field, the linearly polarized plane wave (in particular, the constant uniform crossed field), and the circularly polarized plane wave–are found. The solutions to the Landau–Lifshitz equation for the external electromagnetic fields admitting a two-parametric symmetry group, which include as a particular case the above mentioned field configurations, are obtained. Some general properties of the total radiation power of a charged particle are established. In particular, for a circularly polarized wave and constant uniform crossed fields, the total radiation power in the asymptotic regime is independent of the charge and the external field strength, when expressed in terms of the proper-time, and equals a half the rest energy of a charged particle divided by its proper-time. The spectral densities of the radiation power formed on the late time asymptotics are derived for a charged particle moving in the external electromagnetic fields of the simple configurations pointed above. This provides a simple method to verify experimentally that the charged particle has reached the asymptotic regime. -- Highlights: •Late time asymptotics of the solutions to the Lorentz–Dirac equation are studied. •General properties of the total radiation power of electrons are established. •The total radiation power equals a half the rest energy divided by the proper-time. •Spectral densities of radiation formed on the late time asymptotics are derived. •Possible experimental verification of the results is proposed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Suppressing the numerical Cherenkov radiation in the Yee numerical scheme

The next generation of laser facilities will routinely produce relativistic particle beams from the interaction of intense laser pulses with solids and/or gases. Their modeling with Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes needs dispersion-free Maxwell solvers in order to properly describe the interaction of electromagnetic waves with relativistic particles. A particular attention is devoted to the suppression of the numerical Cherenkov instability, responsible for the noise generation. It occurs when the electromagnetic wave is artificially slowed down because of the finite mesh size, thus allowing for the high energy particles to propagate with super-luminous velocities. In the present paper, we show how a slight increase of the light velocity in the Maxwell's equations enables to suppress this instability while keeping a good overall precision of calculations.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Self-focusing of a Gaussian electromagnetic beam in a multi-ions plasma

In this paper, the authors have developed a formulation for the dependence of electron and ion densities on the irradiance of an electromagnetic beam in a plasma with multiply charged ions, corresponding to collisional, ponderomotive, and relativistic-ponderomotive nonlinearities and different electron/ion temperatures; consequently, the corresponding expressions for the electron density modification in the presence of an electromagnetic (em) field have been derived. Paraxial approach in the vicinity of intensity maximum has been adopted to analyze the propagation characteristics of an em beam in such plasmas; on the basis of this analysis, critical curves and self-focusing curves have been computed numerically and graphically illustrated. For a numerical appreciation of the analysis, we have specifically carried out the computations for the simultaneous presence of singly and doubly charged ions in the plasma. As an important outcome, it is seen that the nonlinear effects (and hence self-focusing) get suppressed in the presence of multiply ionized ions; the conditions for the three modes of em-beam propagation viz. oscillatory focusing/defocusing and steady divergence have been discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Plasmonic waves of a semi-infinite random nanocomposite

The dispersion curves of the plasmonic waves of a semi-infinite random metal-dielectric nanocomposite, consisting of bulk metal embedded with dielectric inclusions, are presented. Two branches of p-polarized surface plasmon-polariton modes are found to exist. The possibility of experimentally observing the surface waves by attenuated total reflection is demonstrated.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

The properties of the extraordinary mode and surface plasmon modes in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals based on the magneto-optical Voigt effects

In this paper, the properties of the extraordinary mode and surface plasmon modes in the three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) with face-centered-cubic lattices that are composed of the core tellurium (Te) spheres with surrounded by the homogeneous magnetized plasma shells inserted in the air, are theoretically investigated in detail by the plane wave expansion method, as the magneto-optical Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered (the incidence electromagnetic wave vector is perpendicular to the external magnetic field at any time). The optical switching or wavelength division multiplexer can be realized by the proposed 3D MPPCs. Our analyses demonstrate that the complete photonic band gaps (PBGs) and two flatbands regions for the extraordinary mode can be observed obviously. PBGs can be tuned by the radius of core Te sphere, the plasma density and the external magnetic field. The flatbands regions are determined by the existence of surface plasmon modes. Numerical simulations also show that if the thickness of magnetized plasma shell is larger than a threshold value, the band structures of the extraordinary mode will be similar to those obtained from the same structure containing the pure magnetized plasma spheres. In this case, the band structures also will not be affected by the inserted core spheres. It is also provided that the upper edges of two flatbands regions will not depend on the topology of lattice. However, the frequencies of lower edges of two flatbands regions will be convergent to the different constants for different lattices, as the thickness of magnetized plasma shell is close to zero.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Minimal model for spoof acoustoelastic surface states

Similar to textured perfect electric conductors for electromagnetic waves sustaining artificial or spoof surface plasmons we present an equivalent phenomena for the case of sound. Aided by a minimal model that is able to capture the complex wave interaction of elastic cavity modes and airborne sound radiation in perfect rigid panels, we construct designer acoustoelastic surface waves that are entirely controlled by the geometrical environment. Comparisons to results obtained by full-wave simulations confirm the feasibility of the model and we demonstrate illustrative examples such as resonant transmissions and waveguiding to show a few examples of many where spoof elastic surface waves are useful.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Optical modeling and physical performances evaluations for the JT-60SA ECRF antenna

The purpose of this work is the optical modeling and physical performances evaluations of the JT-60SA ECRF launcher system. The beams have been simulated with the electromagnetic code GRASP® and used as input for ECCD calculations performed with the beam tracing code GRAY, capable of modeling propagation, absorption and current drive of an EC Gaussion beam with general astigmatism. Full details of the optical analysis has been taken into account to model the launched beams. Inductive and advanced reference scenarios has been analysed for physical evaluations in the full poloidal and toroidal steering ranges for two slightly different layouts of the launcher system.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Polyimide dynamically compressed to decomposition pressures: Two-wave structures captured by velocimetry and modeling

We performed a series of six plate impact experiments on polyimide and modeled them using new reactant and products equations of state combined with an Arrhenius rate model. The first experiment was diagnosed with embedded electromagnetic velocity gauges through which we directly observed attenuation of the lead shock to an approximately constant state over a propagation distance of roughly 4 mm. Simulated gauge profiles were in excellent qualitative agreement with experiment and suggested a sluggish chemical reaction that did not proceed to completion. The remaining five experiments were conducted in a transmission geometry and diagnosed velocimetrically at the sample/window interface. All five of these yielded profiles with a sharp shock followed by a more gradual approach to maximum interface velocity that was “rounded” to varying degree. These profiles proved difficult to interpret unambiguously due to the convolution of the reactive wave upon first shock with reflection of the lead wave and reshock or release by the window. Comparison with thermochemical calculations strongly suggests that the point of maximum interface velocity corresponds to the equilibrium reshock or release locus. We discuss the implications of this point for the practice of impedance matching based on the reflected Hugoniot of reactive materials such as polymers. The reactant and thermochemical products equations of state are developmental SESAME tables 97710 and 97720, respectively.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Full-wave simulations on helicon and parasitic excitation of slow waves near the edge plasma

Helicon waves are thought to be promising in various tokamaks, such as DIII-D, because they can penetrate reactor-grade high-density cores and drive the off-axis current with higher efficiency. In the frequency regime ~476 MHz, both slow electrostatic and fast electromagnetic helicon waves can coexist in DIII-D. If the antenna parasitically excites the slow mode, these waves can propagate along the magnetic field line into the scrape-off layer (SOL). Although the importance of the misalignment of the Faraday screen and the electron density in the SOL on the excitation and propagation of slow modes is well known, the conditions for minimizing slow mode excitation have yet to be optimized. Using the Petra-M simulation code in the 2D domain, we analyze the effects of the misalignment of the antenna in the poloidal direction, the misalignment of the Faraday screen in the toroidal direction, and the density in front of the antenna on slow mode generation. Our results suggest that the misalignment of the Faraday screen is a critical factor in reducing the slow mode and that the misalignment angle should be below ~5° to minimize the slow wave excitation. When the electron density is higher than 3.5 x 10 18 m –3 in the SOL, the generation of the slow mode from the antenna is minimized and unaffected by the misalignment of the Faraday screen.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1987

The emission of narrow-band Jovian kilometric radiation

A model based on the nonlinear coupling of electrostatic plasma waves is proposed to explain the emission of the narrow-band Jovian kilometric radiation (nKOM) observed by the Voyager spacecraft. It is shown that upper-hybrid branch electrostatic waves propagating through the inhomogeneities in the outer periphery of the Io plasma torus can attain the proper geometry for localized upconversion interactions leading to pump depletion. Plasma waves propagating into a weak density gradient and reflected at the critical layer interact with the incident waves leading to the electromagnetic emission, which is beamed at large angles with respect to the background magnetic field. In general, both L-O and R-X mode waves can be generated. The observed power and net polarization (L-O) are consistent with pump depletion of electrostatic waves at a level of about 10 mV/m. A possible excitation mechanism for the electrostatic waves is also discussed.

Fung, S. F.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Theoretical investigation of EM wave generation and radiation in the ULF, ELF and VLF bands by the electrodynamic orbiting tether

The goal is to extend the previous analysis of electromagnetic wave generation by an electrodynamic tethered satellite system to a more realistic model that includes the effects on wave propagation and reflection to the boundaries between ionosphere, atmosphere, and earth. One of the major activities was searching the scientific literature for publications that might be relevant to the problem. The software developed as SAO to follow the path of waves along field lines through the ionosphere to the atmosphere starting from an arbitary position in the atmosphere is described. Some preliminary results are presented from applying the code to the location of wave reception hot spots on the earth's surface for satellites operating at 300 and 600 km altitudes. A generalization of the Alfven wing analysis is presented to allow for arbitrary angles between the velocity vector, geomagnetic field, and the veritcal. This will be utilized in the modeling of the problem with boundaries included.

Estes, Robert D.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Relativistic theory for picosecond time transfer in the vicinity of Earth

The problem of light propagation is treated in a geocentric reference system with the goal of ensuring picosecond accuracy for time transfer techniques using electromagnetic signals in the vicinity of the Earth. We give an explicit formula for a one way time transfer, to be applied when the spatial coordinates of the time transfer stations are known in a geocentric reference system rotating with the Earth. This expression is extended, at the same accuracy level of one picosecond, to the special cases of two way and LASSO time transfers via geostationary satellites.

Petit, G.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Electromagnetic Whistler Precursors at Supercritical Interplanetary Shocks

We present observations of electromagnetic precursor waves, identified as whistler mode waves, at supercritical interplanetary shocks using the Wind search coil magnetometer. The precursors propagate obliquely with respect to the local magnetic field, shock normal vector, solar wind velocity, and they are not phase standing structures. All are right-hand polarized with respect to the magnetic field (spacecraft frame), and all but one are right-hand polarized with respect to the shock normal vector in the normal incidence frame. Particle distributions show signatures of specularly reflected gyrating ions, which may be a source of free energy for the observed modes. In one event, we simultaneously observe perpendicular ion heating and parallel electron acceleration, consistent with wave heating/acceleration due to these waves.

Wilson, L. B., III↗
NASA NTRS2012

Observations of Electromagnetic Whistler Precursors at Supercritical Interplanetary Shocks

We present observations of electromagnetic precursor waves, identified as whistler mode waves, at supercritical interplanetary shocks using the Wind search coil magnetometer. The precursors propagate obliquely with respect to the local magnetic field, shock normal vector, solar wind velocity, and they are not phase standing structures. All are right-hand polarized with respect to the magnetic field (spacecraft frame), and all but one are right-hand polarized with respect to the shock normal vector in the normal incidence frame. They have rest frame frequencies f(sub ci) < f much < f(sub ce) and wave numbers 0.02 approx < k rho (sub ce) approx <. 5.0. Particle distributions show signatures of specularly reflected gyrating ions, which may be a source of free energy for the observed modes. In one event, we simultaneously observe perpendicular ion heating and parallel electron acceleration, consistent with wave heating/acceleration due to these waves. Al though the precursors can have delta B/B(sub o) as large as 2, fluxgate magnetometer measurements show relatively laminar shock transitions in three of the four events.

Wilson, L. B., III↗
DOE OSTI2013

Evanescent waves propagation along a periodically corrugated surface and their amplification by relativistic electron beam (quasi-optical theory)

By using a quasi-optical approach, we study propagation of evanescent waves along a periodically corrugated surface and their excitation by relativistic electron beams. Under assumption of a shallow (in the scale of period) corrugation, the dispersion equation for normal waves is derived and two particular cases are studied. In the first case, the wave frequency is far from the Bragg resonance; therefore, the evanescent wave propagation can be described by using the impedance approximation with deceleration of the zeroth spatial harmonic. The second case takes place at the frequencies close to the Bragg resonance. There, the field can be represented as two counter-propagating quasi-optical wave beams, which are coupled on the corrugated surface and form an evanescent normal wave. With regard to the interaction with an electron beam, the first case corresponds to the convective instability that can be used for amplification of radiation, while the second case corresponds to the absolute instability used in surface-wave oscillators. This paper is focused on studying main features of amplifier schemes, such as the increments, electron efficiency, and formation of a self-consistent spatial structure of the radiated field. For practical applications, the feasibility of realization of relativistic surface-wave amplifiers in the submillimeter wavelength range is estimated.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Linear and nonlinear wave propagation in weakly relativistic quantum plasmas

We consider a recently derived kinetic model for weakly relativistic quantum plasmas. We find that that the effects of spin-orbit interaction and Thomas precession may alter the linear dispersion relation for a magnetized plasma in case of high plasma densities and/or strong magnetic fields. Furthermore, the ponderomotive force induced by an electromagnetic pulse is studied for an unmagnetized plasma. It turns out that for this case the spin-orbit interaction always gives a significant contribution to the quantum part of the ponderomotive force.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Revised formulation of the macroscopic maxwell theory

A modified version of the macroscopic Maxwell theory is developed with the purpose of removing some of the current contradictions and inconsistencies. One of the crucial problems of the current electromagnetic theory concerns the concept of energy. It appears that energy which has a clearly defined physical significance in all fields of physics has not been properly incorporated into the Maxwell-Lorentz theory. Therefore, the electromagnetic energy in a dissipative system as interpreted in the current version of the theory is not « energy » in the same sense as one usually interprets this concept in classical mechanics. The main object of this investigation is, therefore, to clarify the meaning of energy and to suggest a revised version in which the concept of energy is incorporated in accordance with the logical requirements of the theory. The proposed version is based on an assumption that the « electrical energy » both in nondissipative and dissipative media has a meaning only to the extent to which the electrical field theory can be developed as a theory of a dynamical system. This assumption leads to a formulation of a principle which states that the energy densityU e of an electrical field in an absorbing medium is determined solely by the electrical intensityE and is, therefore, independent of any parameter which represents absorption. The proposed version differs from the traditional theory in the interpretation of the dielectric constant and of conductivity. Further, the dielectric constant is considered to be independent of conductivity in the sense that a change in conductivity does not produce a corresponding alteration of the dielectric constant. Part I of this investigation deals with the fundamentals of the proposed reformulated version. These fundamentals are then applied in Part II to the generalization of Brillouin’s theory of wave propagation and group velocity to absorbing media.

DIELECTRICS↗
NASA NTRS1993

FD-TD modeling of 2-D dielectric waveguides for propagation and scattering of femtosecond optical solitons

Experimentalists have produced all-optical switches capable of 100-fs responses. To adequately model such switches, nonlinear effects in optical materials (both instantaneous and dispersive) must be included. In principle, the behavior of electromagnetic fields in nonlinear dielectrics can be determined by solving Maxwell's equations subject to the assumption that the electric polarization has a nonlinear relation to the electric field. However, until our previous work, the resulting nonlinear Maxwell's equations have not been solved directly. Rather, approximations have been made that result in a class of generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations (GNLSE) that solve only for the envelope of the optical pulses. In this paper, we present first-time calculations from the vector nonlinear Maxwell's equations of femtosecond soliton propagation and scattering, including carrier waves, in two-dimensional systems of dielectric waveguides exhibiting the Kerr and Raman quantum effects. We use the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method in an extension of our 1-D work. There, in a fundamental innovation, we treated the linear and nonlinear convolutions for the electric polarization as new dependent variables. By differentiating these convolutions in the time domain, we derived an equivalent system of coupled, nonlinear second-order ODE's. These equations together with Maxwell's equations form the system that is solved to determine the electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous nonlinear dispersive media. Backstorage in time is limited to only that needed by the time-integration algorithm for the ODE's, rather than that needed to store the time-history of the kernel functions of the convolutions (1000-10,000 time steps). Thus, a 2-D nonlinear optics model from Maxwell's equations is now feasible.

Joseph, Rose↗