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At least 847 records · Page 47
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Mechanical properties of eutectic bonded boron aluminum

Results are presented of extensive testing recently completed on boron-aluminum composites to determine mechanical property data for structural design and analysis. Average property data and associated test methods are given for unidirectional and cross plied laminates at room temperature and 600 F. Results from crippling tests of hat-shaped stringers and mechanical fastener joint tests of laminates containing titanium interleaves are also presented. Compared to aluminum which has approximately same density, tests show that boron-aluminum loaded in compression is 4 1/2 times stronger and 3 1/2 times stiffer. When loaded in tension it is 2 times stronger and 3 times stiffer.

Bohlmann, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Boron aluminum crippling strength shows improvement

Results are presented from an experimental program directed toward improving boron aluminum crippling strength. Laminate changes evaluated were larger filament diameter, improved processing, shape changes, adding steel-aluminum cross plies, reduced filament volume in corners, adding boron aluminum angle plies, and using titanium interleaves. Filament diameter and steel-aluminum cross plies have little effect on crippling. It is shown that better processing combined with appropriate shape changes improved crippling over 50 percent at both room temperature and 600 F. Tests also show that crippling improvements ranging from 20 to 40 percent are achieved using angle plies and titanium interleaves.

Otto, O. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Low-cost methods for fabrication of aluminum-boron shapes

Deformation processing has not been seriously considered as applicable to composite fabrication, particularly if the filament (e.g., boron) lacks plasticity. When, however, the brittle filament is clad with a ductile matrix such as 6061 Al, the underlying filament is protected from damage even when cold worked severely as in drawing and rolling. These two metal-working processes have been applied successfully to produce seven ply aluminum 50 vol % boron tubes up to 2 in. O.D. by 3 feet in length and flats 1 in. in width by 2 feet in length respectively. Although adequate densification is achieved via drawing and rolling, the former has been given major emphasis. Mechanical properties of rolled and drawn flats and tubes compare favorably with those prepared by static methods. However, the objective of the presentation is to focus on lower processing costs. In specific terms, 2 in. tubes in lengths up to 12 feet can be produced for as little as $150/lb. This is possible only because standard drawbench and carbide dies can be utilized. Furthermore, the major steps including cladding, preform preparation and drawing are conducive to automation.

Divecha, A. P.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Eutectic bonding of boron-aluminum structural components. II

Eutectic bonding is a diffusion brazing process developed for fabricating boron-aluminum components from composite monolayer. This process relies on the diffusion of a thin surface film of copper into the aluminum matrix to form a liquid phase when heated above the copper-aluminum eutectic temperature of 1018 F. This type of fabrication offers design flexibility in that skin thickness may be varied, the stiffness geometry and orientation can be varied, and local reinforcement can be added. In addition, this type of boron-aluminum structure offers high efficiency. Also, this method of construction can be cost-comparative with complex titanium shapes; simple tooling permits easy layup, bonding is a one-step operation, and little finish machining is required.

Niemann, J. T.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Improved impact-resistant boron-aluminum composites for use as turbine engine fan blades

Efforts to improve the impact resistance of B/Al are reviewed and analyzed. Thin sheet Charpy and Izod impact tests and standard full size Charpy impact tests were conducted on unidirectional and angleply composites containing 4, 5.6 and 8 mil boron in 1100, 2024, 5052 and 6061 Al matrices. Impact failure modes of B/Al are proposed in an attempt to describe the mechanisms involved and to provide insight for maximizing impact resistance. The impact strength of B/Al was significantly increased by proper selection of materials and processing. The use of more ductile matrices (1100 Al) and larger diameter (8 mil) boron fibers gave the highest impact strengths by allowing matrix shear deformation and multiple fiber breakage.

Mcdanels, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Time temperature-stress dependence of boron fiber deformation

Flexural stress relaxation (FSR) and flexural internal friction (FIF) techniques were employed to measure the time-dependent deformation of boron fibers from -190 to 800 C. The principal specimens were 203 micrometers diameter fibers commercially produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a 13 micrometer tungsten substrate. The observation of complete creep strain recovery with time and temperature indicated that CVD boron fibers deform flexurally as anelastic solids with no plastic component.

Dicarlo, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Large diameter carbon-boron fiber

Investigations concerned with a development of large-diameter carbon fibers are considered, taking into account the employment of vapor deposition techniques. In the experiments a carbon monofilament substrate is used together with reacting gases which consist of combinations of hydrogen, methane, and boron trichloride. It is found that the described approach can be used to obtain a large-diameter carbon filament containing boron. The filament has reasonable strength and modulus properties.

Veltri, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Spectrum analysis of acoustic emissions from boron-aluminum composites

Acoustic emissions were monitored from unidirectional tension specimens of boron-aluminum composites. It is shown that a sudden increase in count rate presages final failure. This sudden increase, however, occurs at a variable point relative to final failure load. Spectrum analysis in the range from 1 to 100 kHz was performed on the emissions with the result that no immediately obvious recognition pattern exists to distinguish between types of failure mechanisms. It is suggested that either acoustic emissions cannot be used to distinguish different failure modes in boron-aluminum composites in the frequency range studied or the specimens used had only one failure mode operating with sufficient energy release to be detected. The spectrum analysis did show, however, that the acoustic emissions had frequency components much higher than the frequencies for the fundamental modes of natural vibration of the specimen.

Henneke, E. G., II↗
NASA NTRS1976

Jupiter and the boron problem

The 'cosmic' abundance of boron is one of the least well known of all the 92 natural elements even though it can appear in substantial concentrations on the earth's surface. It is suggested that Jupiter might be a suitable place to search for boron because the latter forms numerous stable volatile compounds with hydrogen and other abundant elements whose presence might be sought either spectroscopically or by entry devices.

Beer, R.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Techniques for increasing boron fiber fracture strain

Improvement in the strain-to-failure of CVD boron fibers is shown possible by contracting the tungsten boride core region and its inherent flaws. The results of three methods are presented in which etching and thermal processing techniques were employed to achieve core flaw contraction by internal stresses available in the boron sheath. After commercially and treatment induced surface flaws were removed from 203 micrometers (8 mil) fibers, the core flaw was observed to be essentially the only source of fiber fracture. Thus, fiber strain-to-failure was found to improve by an amount equal to the treatment induced contraction on the core flaw. Commercial feasibility considerations suggest as the most cost effective technique that method in which as-produced fibers are given a rapid heat treatment above 700 C. Preliminary results concerning the contraction kinetics and fracture behavior observed are presented and discussed both for high vacuum and argon gas heat treatment environments.

Dicarlo, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Techniques for increasing boron fiber fracture strain

Improvement in the strain-to-failure of chemical-vapor-deposition boron fibers is shown possible by contracting the tungsten boride core region and its inherent flaws. Results of three methods are presented in which etching and thermal-processing techniques were employed to achieve core flaw contraction by internal stresses available in the boron sheath. After commercially and treatment-induced surface flaws were removed from 203-micron (8-mil) fibers, the core flaw was observed to be essentially the only source of fiber fracture. Thus, fiber strain-to-failure was found to improve by an amount equal to the treatment-induced contraction on the core flaw. To date, average fracture strains and stresses greater than 1.4% and 5.5 GN/sq m (800 ksi), respectively, have been achieved. Commercial feasibility considerations suggest as the most cost-effective technique that method in which as-produced fibers are given a rapid heat treatment above 700 C. Preliminary results concerning the contraction kinetics and fracture behavior observed with this technique are presented and discussed for both high-vacuum and argon-gas heat-treatment environments.

Dicarlo, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Brazed boron-silicon carbide/aluminum structural panels

Fluxless brazing process minimizes degradation of mechanical properties composite material of silicon carbide coated boron fibers in an aluminum matrix. Process is being used to fabricate full-scale Boron-Silicon Carbide/Aluminum-Titanium honeycomb core panels for flight testing and ground testing.

Arnold, W. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Thermal environment effects on strength and impact properties of boron-aluminum composites

Thermal effects on fracture strength and impact energy were studied in 50 volume percent unidirectional composites of 143 and 203 micron boron fibers in 6061 and 1100 aluminum matrices. For 6061 matrix composites, strength was maintained to approximately 400 C in the cyclic tests and higher than 400 C in the static tests. For the 1100 matrix composites, strength degradation appeared near 260 C after cycling and higher than 260 C in static heating. This composite strength degradation is explained by a fiber degradation mechanism resulting from a boron-aluminum interface reaction. The impact energy absorption degraded significantly only above 400 C for both matrix alloys. Thus, while impact loss for the 6061 composite correlates with the fiber strength loss, other energy absorption processes appear to extend the impact resistance of the 1100 matrix composites to temperatures beyond where its strength is degraded. Interrupted impact tests on as-received and thermally cycled composites define the range of load over which the fibers break in the impact event.

Grimes, H. H.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Boron trifluoride coatings for thermoplastic materials and method of applying same in glow discharge

Plastic surfaces can be improved physically and optically by treating them with a plasma of boron trifluoride. The trifluoride can be the sole reactant or be part of a mixture also containing an organic monomeric substance such as perfluorobutene-2 or an organosilane. The boron trifluoride-containing coating can also serve as an intermediate coating between the plastic surface and a plasma deposited organic polymer.

Kubacki, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Some properties of an advanced boron fiber

An advanced coreless boron fiber exhibits tensile strengths which are more than twice that of the normal CVD B/W fibers. The coreless fiber is made by the chemical removal of the tungsten boride core exposed by splitting the as-grown fiber. The easily splittable fiber is made by the chemical vapor deposition of boron on a larger than usual tungsten substrate. It is expected that the ease of splitting is related to residual stresses in these fibers. Measurements of the axial residual stresses in both the normal and the splittable fibers are presented and the results compared. Differences in these stresses are discussed in connection with the ease of splitting in the splittable fibers.

Behrendt, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Mechanisms of boron fiber strengthening by thermal treatment

The fracture strain for boron on tungsten fibers was studied for improvement by heat treatment under vacuum or argon environments. The mechanical basis for this improvement is thermally-induced axial contraction of the entire fiber, whereby strength-controlling core flaws are compressed and fiber fracture strain increased by the value of the contraction strain. By highly sensitive measurements of fiber density and volume, the physical mechanism responsible for contraction under both environments was identified as boron atom diffusion out of the fiber sheath. The fiber contracts because the average volume of the resulting microvoid was determined to be only 0.26 plus or minus 0.09 the average atomic volume of the removed atom. The basic and practical implications of these results are discussed with particular emphasis on the theory, use, and limitations of heat-induced contraction as a simple cost-effective secondary processing method.

Dicarlo, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Some properties of an advanced boron fiber

An advanced coreless boron fiber has exhibited tensile strengths which are more than twice that of the normal CVD B/W fibers. The coreless fiber is made by the chemical removal of the tungsten boride core exposed by splitting the as-grown fiber. The easily splittable fiber is made by the chemical vapor deposition of boron on a larger than usual tungsten substrate. It is expected that the ease of splitting is related to residual stresses in these fibers. Measurements of the axial residual stresses in both the normal and the splittable fibers are presented and the results compared. Differences in these stresses are discussed in connection with the ease of splitting in the splittable fibers.

Behrendt, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Mechanisms of boron fiber strengthening by thermal treatment

The fracture strain for boron on tungsten fibers can be improved by heat treatment under vacuum or argon environments. The mechanical basis for this improvement is thermally-induced axial contraction of the entire fiber, whereby strength-controlling core flaws are compressed and fiber fracture strain increased by the value of the contraction strain. By highly sensitive measurements of fiber density and volume, the physical mechanisms responsible for contraction under both environments was identified as boron atom diffusion out of the fiber sheath. The fiber contracts because the average volume of the resulting microvoid was determined to be only 0.26 + or - 0.09 the average atomic volume of the removed atom. The basic and practical implications of these results are discussed with particular emphasis on the theory, use, and limitations of heat-induced contraction as a simple cost-effective secondary processing method.

Dicarlo, J. A.↗