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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1998

Global Change Research Related to the Earth's Energy and Hydrologic Cycle

The Institute for Global Change Research and Education (IGCRE) is a joint initiative of the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) and the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) for coordinating and facilitating research and education relevant to global environmental change. Created in 1992 with primary support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), IGCRE fosters participation by university, private sector and government scientists who seek to develop long-term collaborative research in global change science, focusing on the role of water and energy in the Earth's atmosphere and physical climate system. IGCRE is also chartered to address educational needs of Earth system and global change science, including the preparation of future scientists and training of primary and secondary education teachers.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2008

FAA Airport Design Competition for Universities

Raise awareness of the importance of airports to the National Airspace System infrastructure. Increase the involvement of the academic community in addressing airport operations and infrastructure issues and needs. Engage U.S. students in the conceptualization of applications, systems and equipment capable of addressing related challenges in a robust, reliable and comprehensive manner. Encourage U.S. undergraduate and graduate students to contribute innovative ideas and solutions to airport and runway safety issues. Provide the framework and incentives for quality educational experiences for university students. d Develop an awareness of and an interest in airports as a vital and interesting area for engineering and technology careers.

Sandy, Mary↗
NASA NTRS2009

Hydrogen Research at Florida Universities

This final report describes the R&D activities and projects conducted for NASA under the 6-year NASA Hydrogen Research at Florida Universities grant program. Contained within this report are summaries of the overall activities, one-page description of all the reports funded under this program and all of the individual reports from each of the 29 projects supported by the effort. The R&D activities cover hydrogen technologies related to production, cryogenics, sensors, storage, separation processes, fuel cells, resource assessments and education. In the span of 6 years, the NASA Hydrogen Research at Florida Universities program funded a total of 44 individual university projects, and employed more than 100 faculty and over 100 graduate research students in the six participating universities. Researchers involved in this program have filed more than 20 patents in all hydrogen technology areas and put out over 220 technical publications in the last 2 years alone. This 6 year hydrogen research program was conducted by a consortium of six Florida universities: Florida International University (FIU) in Miami, Florida State University (FSU) and Florida A&M University (FAMU) in Tallahassee, University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, University of South Florida (USF) in Tampa, and University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville. The Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) of the University of Central Florida managed the research activities of all consortium member universities except those at the University of Florida. This report does not include any of the programs or activities conducted at the University of Florida, but can be found in NASA/CR-2008-215440-PART 1-3.

Block, David L.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Studies for the Loss of Atomic and Molecular Species from Io

The general objective of this project has been to advance our theoretical understanding of Io's atmosphere and how various atomic and molecular species are lost from this atmosphere and are distributed in the circumplanetary environment of Jupiter. The scientific objectives of the larger collaborative program between AER, Inc., and the University of Michigan have been to undertake theoretical modeling studies to simulate the distributions of the exospheric gases in Io's corona and extended clouds, to investigate the importance of the various physical processes that shape their relative abundances, and with these tools to analyze observations of O, S and Na obtained by four observers: M.A. McGrath of the Space Telescope Science Institute and G.E. Ballester of the University of Michigan who each have obtained Hubble Space Telescope observations of O and S near Io, F. Scherb who continues an effort to obtain 6300 A OI observations as part of the University of Wisconsin Fabry-Perot program, and N.M. Schneider of the University of Colorado who obtained an extensive set of spectral and spatial observations of the Na emission near Io in the D-lines.

Combi, Michael R.↗
DOE OSTI2025

A conserved viral RNA fold enables nuclease resistance across kingdoms of life

Abstract Viral exoribonuclease-resistant RNA (xrRNA) structures block cellular nucleases to produce subgenomic viral RNAs during infection. High sequence variability among xrRNAs from distantly related viruses raises questions about the shared molecular features that enable these RNAs to withstand the strong unwinding forces of exoribonucleases. Here, we present the first structure of a plant-virus xrRNA in its active conformation and uncover universal principles of xrRNA folding. Comparison with the structure of a human-pathogenic flavivirus xrRNA reveals that both share a core structural motif—a protective ring encircling the RNA’s 5′ end—despite lacking sequence similarity. Disrupting this core motif through targeted mutagenesis eliminates exoribonuclease-resistance and attenuates viral infection. We identify hundreds of related structures across multiple virus families, supporting the conservation of this mechanism. Our study demonstrates how distantly related RNA viruses have converged on a common structural strategy to inhibit cellular nucleases, with a universal ring topology as the defining feature of viral xrRNAs.

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology↗
DOE OSTI2020

QIS for Applied Quantum Field Theory

Precision predictions in HEP and non-equilibrium dynamics in the early universe require quantum computational technologies. Future quantum devices offer the possibility of performing these, complementing lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) studies on classical computers. We are investigating many aspects of the quantum simulation of quantum field theories. Specific topics include simulation-suitable formulations of gauge theories, state preparation, time evolution, extracting HEP-related observables from simulations, quantum error correction (QEC), and entanglement. We are exploring strategies for simulation of scattering in QFTs, and dynamics of the early Universe.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The tiny (g-2) muon wobble from small-μ supersymmetry

A new measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment has been recently reported by the Fermilab Muon g-2 collaboration and shows a 4.2σ departure from the most precise and reliable calculation of this quantity in the Standard Model. Assuming that this discrepancy is due to new physics, we consider its relation with other potential anomalies, especially in the muon sector, as well as clues from the early universe. Here, we comment on new physics solutions discussed extensively in the literature in the past decades, to finally concentrate on a simple supersymmetric model that also provides a dark matter explanation. We show results for an interesting region of supersymmetric parameter space that can be probed at the high luminosity LHC and future colliders, while leading to values of (g μ – 2) consistent with the Fermilab and Brookhaven (g μ – 2) measurements. Such a parameter region can simultaneously realize a Bino-like dark matter candidate compatible with direct detection constraints for small to moderate values of the Higgsino mass parameter |μ|.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Promoting Fast Ion Conduction in Li-Argyrodite through Lithium Sublattice Engineering

Fundamental understanding of ionic transport plays a pivotal role in designing and optimizing fast ionic conductors. Here, through a systematic neutron scattering and theoretical investigation, we discovered new insights about how anion sublattice affects Li + distribution and transport in Li-argyrodite. We found that the promotion of Li + conductivities is strongly correlated with a previously overlooked Li + interstitial site (16e), which is critical for realizing intercage Li + migration. More isotropic Li + migration pathways with higher Li + occupancies on the interstitial 16e site are found to be the underlying reason for the much higher Li + conductivity in Li 6 PS 5 Cl relative to the Br- and I-based analogues. We further confirm that they are also the universal driving force for the ultrahigh Li + conductivities in both anion-substituted Li-poor (Li 6–a PS 5–a X a, X = Cl and Br) and cation-substituted Li-rich argyrodite (e.g., Li 6+a GeaP 1–a S 5 I and Li 6+a SiaSb 1–a S 5 I). In conclusion, it is expected this strategy can be generally adopted to improve the ionic conductivity of the broad family of Li-rich argyrodite and beyond.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Life Cycle Assessment of Compostable Coffee Pods: A US University Based Case Study

Single-serve machines have proven to be a rapid and convenient mechanism for preparing coffee for consumption. However, disposing the single-use coffee pods accompanying each use creates insurmountable waste in landfills. With the introduction of biobased products being certified as industrially compostable, there is scope for an effective waste stream for nearly all biobased products that avoids adding to landfills. The case presented in this paper demonstrates the success of composting compostable coffee pods within a local industrial-scale composting facility. Utilizing the existing local composting facility at the University of Tennessee–Knoxville, a life cycle assessment was performed to calculate the overall embodied energy and related environmental impact(s) to determine the feasibility of using compostable coffee pods over conventional plastic ones. Testing showed complete degradation within 46 days, proving composting to be a feasible waste stream option and a sustainable marketing edge while treading the path toward a circular economy. Cost savings of 21% were realized in terms of waste disposal, in addition to creating a value-added product at the end of the coffee pods life cycle, with nutrient-rich compost being recirculated to campus gardens and farms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Effective field theory for deformed odd-mass nuclei

We develop an effective field theory (EFT) for deformed odd-mass nuclei. These are described as an axially symmetric core to which a nucleon is coupled. In the coordinate system fixed to the core the nucleon is subject to an axially symmetric potential. Power counting is based on the separation of scales between low-lying rotations and higher-lying states of the core. In leading order, core and nucleon are coupled by universal derivative terms. These comprise a covariant derivative and gauge potentials which account for Coriolis forces and relate to Berry-phase phenomena. At leading order, the EFT combines the particle-rotor and Nilsson models. Here, we work out the EFT up to next-to-leading order and illustrate the results in 239 Pu and 187 Os . At leading order, odd-mass nuclei with rotational bandheads that are close in energy and differ by one unit of angular momentum are triaxially deformed. For bandheads that are well separated in energy, triaxiality becomes a subleading effect. The EFT developed in this paper presents a model-independent approach to the particle-rotor system that is capable of systematic improvement.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Molten Salt Reactor Fundamental Safety Function PIRT

The phenomenon identification and ranking table (PIRT) process was employed to evaluate the current capability to assess the ability of liquid-salt–fueled molten salt reactors to achieve their fundamental safety functions (FSFs). The PIRT process provides a structured mechanism to elicit and document expert opinions on the most important phenomena and the corresponding level of knowledge with regard to achieving the FSFs. The PIRT panel included reactor developers, accident progression evaluation tool developers, US Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory technical staff, university researchers, and US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff. The information-gathering process concentrated on phenomena related to accidents in which the fuel salt—including any in the cover gas—has been released from the first barrier layer. This information-gathering process included identifying all potential accidents that could result in the release of a substantial amount of radionuclides that could breach or bypass the first barrier. The PIRT did not identify any previously unrecognized systemic vulnerabilities. However, the elicitation process identified several areas with low levels of knowledge and significant potential impact on accident progression. These areas either require additional research to improve the state of knowledge or additional design conservatism to accommodate the remaining unknowns.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Kokes Awards for the 27th North American Catalysis Society Meeting

The Richard J. Kokes Travel Award program encourages student participation in the biennial North American Catalysis Society (NACS) Meetings. During NAM27 in 2022, 50 of the 111 students who received the Kokes Award were supported through this proposal, funded by the Department of Energy (DOE). The award covered a significant conference-related expense, that is the registration fees. Eligible students had to be enrolled in a North American university, present an oral or poster presentation, and contribute 2-4 hours to assist with meeting operations. While the program is open to undergraduate students, none were awarded in 2022. The selection process involved a comprehensive evaluation by external academic reviewers from NACS.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
NASA NTRS1974

Absolute brightness temperature measurements at 2.1-mm wavelength

Absolute measurements of the brightness temperatures of the Sun, new Moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus, and of the flux density of DR21 at 2.1-mm wavelength are reported. Relative measurements at 3.5-mm wavelength are also preented which resolve the absolute calibration discrepancy between The University of Texas 16-ft radio telescope and the Aerospace Corporation 15-ft antenna. The use of the bright planets and DR21 as absolute calibration sources at millimeter wavelengths is discussed in the light of recent observations.

Ulich, B. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Solar electric and thermal conversion system in close proximity to the consumer

Solar cells may be used to convert sunlight directly into electrical energy and into lowgrade heat to be used for large-scale terrestrial solar-energy conversion. Both forms of energy can be utilized if such cells are deployed in close proximity to the consumer (rooftop). Cadmium-sulfide/copper-sulfide (CdS/Cu2S) solar cells are an example of cells which may be produced inexpensively enough to become economically attractive. Cell parameters relevant for combined solar conversion are presented. Critical issues, such as production yield, life expectancy, and stability of performance, are discussed. Systems-design parameters related to operating temperatures are analyzed. First results obtained on Solar One, the experimental house of the University of Delaware, are given. Economic aspects are discussed. Different modes of operation are discussed in respect to the power utility and consumer incentives.

Boeer, K. W.↗