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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Water Sorption/Desorption Characteristics of Eutectic LiCl-KCl Salt-Occluded Zeolites

Molten salt consisting primarily of eutectic LiCl-KCl is currently being used in electrorefiners in the Fuel Conditioning Facility at Idaho National Laboratory. Options are currently being evaluated for storing this salt outside of the argon atmosphere hot cell. The hygroscopic nature of eutectic LiCl-KCl makes is susceptible to deliquescence in air followed by extreme corrosion of metallic cannisters. In this study, the effect of occluding the salt into a zeolite on water sorption/desorption was tested. Two zeolites were investigated: Na-Y and zeolite 4A. Na-Y was ineffective at occluding a high percentage of the salt at either 10 or 20wt% loading. Zeolite-4A was effective at occluding the salt with high efficiency at both loading levels. Weight gain in salt occluded zeolite-4A (SOZ) from water sorption at 20% relative humidity and 40°C was 17wt% for 10% SOZ and 10wt% for 20% SOZ. In both cases, neither deliquescence nor corrosion occurred over a period of 31 days. After hydration, most of the water could be driven off by heating the hydrated salt occluded zeolite to 530°C. However, some HCl forms during dehydration due to salt hydrolysis. Over a wide range of temperatures (320–700°C) and ramp rates (5, 10, and 20°C min -1 ), HCl formation was no more than 0.6% of the Cl - in the original salt.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

FCIC FY18 LT-baseline Feedstock Images

Set of images taken during pilot plant dilute-acid hydrolysis preatreatment reactor operation. Images were taken with a GoPro Hero 5 with rectilinear lens facing downwards on a weigh-belt instrument. Image period was every 30 seconds during operation. This image set is connected to a journal article titled "Real-Time Biomass Feedstock Particle Quality Detection Using Image Analysis and Machine Vision", http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00904-w.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Corresponding Standard Reference Material Data used in Partial Least Squares Regression Models for Sugar Composition Estimates in Biomass in: Economic Impact of Yield and Composition Variation in Bioenergy Crops: Populus trichocarpa

Corresponding Standard Reference Material Data used in Partial Least Squares Regression Models for Sugar Composition Estimates in Biomass in: Economic Impact of Yield and Composition Variation in Bioenergy Crops: Populus trichocarpa (for corresponding manuscript: DOI: 10.1002/bbb.2148) PDF Files: Images of 1H NMR spectra for neutralized 2-stage acid hydrolysates of 4 NIST Standard Reference Material biomass samples (Monterey Pine 8493, Sugarcane Bagasse 8491, Wheat Straw 8494, and Eastern Cottonwood/Poplar 8492) and 2 Center for Bioenergy Innovation reference biomass samples (Poplar - Populus trichocarpa and Switchgrass - Panicum Virgatum). Suppression of the water peak was achieved using a NOESY-1D with presaturation, a recycle delay of 5 s, and a total of 64 scans. Spectra were acquired at 298 K and processed with automatic phase correction, baseline correction, and chemical shift referencing to TSP-d4. Images show all 1H data from 10 to 1ppm with inset spectra of region of interest (4.0 to 3.1 ppm). Text Files: Spectra for neutralized 2-stage acid hydrolysates of 4 NIST Standard Reference Material biomass samples (Monterey Pine 8493, Sugarcane Bagasse 8491, Wheat Straw 8494, and Eastern Cottonwood/Poplar 8492) and 2 Center for Bioenergy Innovation reference biomass samples (Poplar - Populus trichocarpa and Switchgrass - Panicum Virgatum) were converted into text files for plotting. Files contain 8192 points of raw spectral data from 12.23 to -2.78 ppm. The text file contains 4 columns of data and includes: Point number, Intensity, Hz, and ppm. Xcel Spreadsheet: HPLC measured monomeric sugar concentrations and bucketed 1H NMR data used to build monomeric sugar composition prediction models. Sugar composition in biomass determined from HPLC analyses are given in mg sugar/mg of biomass. Spectral bucketing was performed using Bruker’s AMIX software. Spectra were divided into 0.005 ppm buckets in the region of 3.10– 4.15 ppm for a total of 210 buckets. Headers for the bucketed data are the chemical shift in ppm of the center of the bucket. Bucketed data was used to build partial least squares models for subsequent predictions in The Unscrambler v. 10.5(CAMO A/S, Trondheim, Norway). The formation of methanol during hydrolysis interferes with the quantitative NMR analysis of sugars, so the methanol peak centered at 3.37 ppm and spanning four buckets (3.2925 – 3.2775 ppm) was set to zero for all spectra.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
NASA NTRS1970

Indigenous lunar methane and ethane

Methane and ethane released from Apollo 11 lunar samples by crushing or acid treatment, suggesting carbides hydrolysis as main source

Abell, P. I.↗
NASA NTRS1972

An electrochemical model for hot-salt stress-corrosion of titanium alloys

An electrochemical model of hot-salt stress-corrosion cracking of titanium alloys is proposed based on an oxygen-concentration cell. Hydrogen embrittlement is proposed as the direct cause of cracking, the hydrogen being generated as the results of the hydrolysis of complex halides formed at the shielded anode of the electrochemical cell. The model found to be consistent with the diverse observations made both in this study and by many investigators in this field.

Garfinkle, M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Gadolinium-hydrogen ion exchange of zirconium phosphate

The Gd(+3)/H(+) ion exchange on a commercial zirconium phosphate ion exchanger was investigated in chloride, sulfate, and phosphate solutions of Gd(+3) at gadolinium concentrations of 0.001 to 1 millimole per cc and in the pH range of 0 to 3.5. Relatively low Gd(+3) capacities, in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 millimole per g of ion exchanger were found at room temperature. A significant difference in Gd(+3) sorption was observed, depending on whether the ion exchanger was converted from initial conditions of greater or lesser Gd(+3) sorption than the specific final conditions. Correlations were found between decrease in Gd(+3) capacity and loss of exchanger phosphate groups due to hydrolysis during washing and between increase in capacity and treatment with H3PO4. Fitting of the experimental data to ideal ion exchange equilibrium expressions indicated that each Gd(+3) ion is sorbed on only one site of the ion exchanger. The selectivity quotient was determined to be 2.5 + or - 0.4 at room temperature on gadolinium desorption in chloride solutions.

Liu, D. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

TiO2 film properties as a function of processing temperature, volume 3

Thin film TiO2 was produced at 150 C by chemical vapor deposition using hydrolysis of tetraisopropyl titanate. Films were amorphous as grown, but annealing in air caused crystallization, with anatase formed beginning at 350 C and rutile at 700 C. Density and index of refraction increased substantially with increasing anneal temperature, while etch susceptibility in HF and H2SO4 decreased. Comparison with literature data showed two groups of processes. One group yields films having properties that gradually approach those of rutile with increasing process temperature. The other group gives rutile directly at moderate temperatures. Deposition of amorphous film followed by etching and annealing is suggested as a means for pattern definition.

Fitzgibbons, E. T.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Fabrication of boron/epoxy rocket motor chambers.

Three 71-cm-diameter boron/epoxy composite rocket motor chambers were filament wound. The first chamber was hydrostatically tested; the second failed in proof test as a result of fabrication deficiencies. The third chamber obtained a successful proof test, but deformed later in processing because of hydrolysis. In spite of the deformation, this chamber was test fired and then burst tested.

Jensen, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Amino acid precursors in lunar samples.

The use of hot water to extract lunar samples, followed by the hydrolysis of the aqueous extract, appears to be the method of choice for identification and quantitation of amino acid precursors in extraterrestrial sources. The net inferences from the analyses to date are (1) that amino acid precursors are verifiably present in lunar dust, and (2) that they are quite certainly not the consequence of contamination by terrestrial organisms, including man. It is suggested that prebiotic evolutionary pathways such as have been traversed on the earth were terminated on the moon for lack of sufficient water. Although some or all of the amino acid precursors may be indigenous, the low level observed suggests that they may also result from onfall of organic compounds from interstellar matter, comets, tails, solar wind, or meteorites.

Fox, S. W.↗