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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

Anomalous Balmer continuum temperatures in the Orion Nebula

New long-slit spectra of the Orion Nebula in the near-ultraviolet were used to calculate the Balmer recombination temperature, T(Bac), from the Balmer discontinuity at 3646 A. The spatially resolved data show a decrease in temperature moving to the west of Theta(sup 1) Ori C, from 8400 K at a distance of 40 sec to a low of 2800 K at a distance of 220 sec. Such values are much lower than previously reported. The effect of scattered starlight on these results is calculated and shown to be less than 10%. Previous studies which found scattered light to be important at the discontinuity are in error. Such low temperatures and their impact on nebular physics and abundances are disconcerting and require further study.

Walter, Donald L.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Detection of a Hot Binary Companion of eta Carinae

A hot companion of eta Carinae has been detected using high resolution spectra (905 - 1 180 Angsroms) obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite. Observations were obtained at two epochs of the 2024-day orbit: 2003 June during ingress to the 2003.5 X-ray eclipse and 2004 April several months after egress. These data show that essentially all the far-UV flux from eta Car shortward of Lyman alpha disappeared at least two days before the start of the X-ray eclipse (2003 June 29), implying that the hot companion, eta Car By was also eclipsed by the dense wind or extended atmosphere of eta Car A. Analysis of the far-UV spectrum shows that eta Car B is a luminous hot star. N II 1084-1086 emission disappears at the same time as the far-UV continuum, indicating that this feature originates from eta Car B itself or in close proximity to it. The strong N II emission also raises the possibility that the companion star is nitrogen rich. The observed FUV flux levels and spectral features, combined with the timing of their disappearance, are consistent with eta Carinae being a massive binary system.

Sonneborn, G.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Changes in the Far UV Spectrum of Eta Carinae Near the 2003 Minimum

High resolution 905-1180 spectra of \eta Carinae have been obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite at nine epochs between February 2000 and June 2003 . This period of time extends from the broad maximum up to the very beginning of the minimum of the 5.52-year period initially discovered by A. Damineli. The flux levels were unchanged between February 2000 through February 2003 with minor spectral differences. The X-Ray minimum started on June 29, 2003 . Three observations were accomplished on June 10, June 17 and June 27 leading up to the minimum. Substantial changes were present in the June 10 and June 17 spectra, but a very significant change occurred by June 27, 2003. Longward of 1100A, the overall flux dropped 10 to 30 %. Shortward of 1100A, there are spectral intervals with NO decrease in flux even down to the shortest wavelengths (920--950 ). This indicates that dust absorption has a negligible role in the observed spectral changes and that line absorptions play a major role. Throughout the spectrum there are intervals ranging in width of 3-10A with strong increased absorption. Significant absorptions may be associated with the red portion of the following stellar wind lines: C III 977, O VI 1031,1037, P V 1117, while other absorption features are much broader, more extended and not clearly associated with well-known spectral transitions. Given the complexity of the STIS echelle spectra taken in this period of time, many of these absorption features are likely due to multiple absorption lines

Iping, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Absolute Transition Probabilities of Lines in the Spectra of Astrophysical Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Progress in the investigation of absolute transition probabilities (A-values or F values) for ultraviolet lines is reported. A radio frequency ion trap was used for measurement of transition probabilities for intersystem lines seen in astronomical spectra. The intersystem line at 2670 A in Al II, which is seen in pre-main sequence stars and symbiotic stars, was studied.

Parkinson, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Photometric calibration of the International Ultraviolet Explorer /IUE/ - Low dispersion

Absolute sensitivity curves for IUE low-resolution spectra are obtained by comparing IUE measurements of hot stars with the absolute energy distributions established for these objects by previous satellite and rocket experiments. The differences between these earlier experiments are discussed quantitatively, and a common absolute flux scale is proposed as the basis for the absolute calibration of IUE.

Bohlin, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1986

IUE spectra and a resulting model of Seyfert 2 galaxies

Nearly simultaneous optical and ultraviolet observations of several Seyfert 2 galaxies are presented. A mean optical to ultraviolet emission line spectrum for Seyfert 2 galaxies is determined, and these intensities are compared with predictions of photoionization models. The UV to X-ray nonthermal continuum which ionizes this gas is examined. The results suggest that an obscuring layer does not hide an underlying broad-line region, and that narrow-line objects such as Seyfert 2 and narrow-line radio galaxies are physically different from broad-line objects, at least in not having an inner broad-line region. The absence of extinction also distinguishes these classical Seyfert 2 galaxies from the narrow-line X-ray galaxies, which X-ray evidence suggests may be extinguished Seyfert 1 galaxies.

Ferland, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Ultraviolet emission lines and optical photometry of the flare star AT Microscopii

UV spectra of the dwarf flare star binary AT Mic were obtained with the IUE spacecraft over the course of three days in September 1985. A high-resolution short-wavelength spectrum was exposed for 25 h. Line wavelengths, widths, and fluxes were derived from the observed high-resolution spectra, and the effects of the binary structure of AT Mic on the spectral lines were evaluated. The data show that the UV emission-line spectrum is similar in nature to that of flare regions on the sun and other stars. The width of the Mg II k-line shows a good fit with the Wilson-Bappu relation, which thus seems to extend over a very large range of absolute magnitudes.

Elgaroy, O.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Optical and ultraviolet activity in RT Lacertae during 1985 and 1986

Continued monitoring of optical spectra of RT Lac, a peculiar RS CVn system, showed a large range of activity in the H-alpha line. At times, there was no excess emission or absorption, and at others, much. During active times, the excess emission varied greatly with phase and seemed to come from an extended region. Two UV observations, taken contemporaneously with optical spectra, also showed strong variations in the emission-line strengths. The data are consistent with intermittent mass transfer and imply that RT Lac is similar to other objects which have transient disks.

Huenemoerder, David P.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Criteria for the spectral classification of B stars in the ultraviolet

A set of criteria for the classification of G stars from UV spectra alone, using standards drawn form the optical region, is developed. About 100 stars having normal MK spectral types in the range B0-B8, III-V, have been classified. The UV spectral types are found to be very consistent with the optical MK types, implying that it is possible to do two-dimensional spectral classification in the UV without any knowledge of the optical spectrum.

Rountree, Janet↗
NASA NTRS1998

Re-Observing the First Hours of Supernova 1987A

This project was designed to use archival data from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) to measure the flux from the shock breakout from SN 1987A, emitted in the first few hours of the event, reflected from neighboring dust clouds in the form of a light echo. Such hot flux from the initial moments of a SN had never been observed before, and this offers a unique opportunity to measure it in reflection. Gilmozzi (1991, in "SN 1987A and Other Supernova") had reported such a detection of using IUE from observations made in 1988 and 1989. Our analysis of these data showed that this detection was very weak, and subject to changes comparable to the size of the signal according to various reasonable means of extracting the spectra. In fact, the features reported by Gilmozzi (1998 in "Ultraviolet Astrophysics Beyond IUE") are not found in a conventional NEWSIPS extraction or extended-source extraction of these data. The 1995 and 1996 IUE data collected for Crotts and Gilmozzi shows a more robust signal (about 20sigma,) from a cloud that echoes brighter in the optical than the 1988 feature. This shows a well-detected signal of about 5 x 10(exp -16) ergs per s/sq cm/Angstroms/arc sq sec at 1300 Angstroms, with a declining slope to redder wavelengths. This surface brightness, while detected with confidence in both large and small SVVT apertures, is still fainter than the reflected flux expected for most models of shock breakout. We have also taken the opportunity to recover the echo signal from exposures taken on Astro-1 and Astro-2 flights of the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) while pointed towards SN 1987A. These data yield a complementary result on the reflected flux, an upper limit of about 5 x 10(exp -17) ergs per s/sq cm/Angstroms/arc sq sec, spread over fainter optically echoing clouds, and over the same band where the signal was detected by IUE. While this appears in contradiction with the IUE result, it is made consistent by the corresponding strengths of the echoes in the optical.

Crotts, Arlin P. S.↗
NASA NTRS2013

GESE: A Small UV Space Telescope to Conduct a Large Spectroscopic Survey of Z-1 Galaxies

One of the key goals of NASA's astrophysics program is to answer the question: How did galaxies evolve into the spirals and elliptical galaxies that we see today? We describe a space mission concept called Galaxy Evolution Spectroscopic Explorer (GESE) to address this question by making a large spectroscopic survey of galaxies at a redshift, z is approximately 1 (look-back time of approximately 8 billion years). GESE is a 1.5-meter space telescope with an ultraviolet (UV) multi-object slit spectrograph that can obtain spectra of hundreds of galaxies per exposure. The spectrograph covers the spectral range, 0.2-0.4 micrometers at a spectral resolving power, R approximately 500. This observed spectral range corresponds to 0.1-0.2 micrometers as emitted by a galaxy at a redshift, z=1. The mission concept takes advantage of two new technological advances: (1) light-weighted, wide-field telescope mirrors, and (2) the Next- Generation MicroShutter Array (NG-MSA) to be used as a slit generator in the multi-object slit spectrograph.

galaxy evolution↗
NASA NTRS2006

Computational Spectroscopy of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Support of Laboratory Astrophysics

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are strong candidates for the molecular carriers of the unidentified infrared bands (UIR) and the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). In order to test the PAH hypothesis, we have systematically measured the vibronic spectra of a number of jet-cooled neutral and ionized PAHs in the near ultraviolet (UV) to visible spectral ranges using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy. To support this experimental effort, we have carried out theoretical studies of the spectra obtained in our measurements. Ab initio and (time-dependent) density.functiona1 theory calculations are performed to obtain the geometries, energetics, vibrational frequencies, transition dipole moments, and normal coordinates of these PAH molecules. Franck-Condon (FC) calculations and/or vibronic calculations are then performed using the calculated normal coordinates and vibrational frequencies to simulate the vibronic spectra. It is found that vibronic interactions in these conjugated pi electron systems are often strong enough to cause significant deviations from the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. For vibronic transitions that are well described by the BO approximation, the vibronic band profiles are simulated by calculating the rotational structure of the vibronic transitions. Vibronic oscillator strength factors are calculated in the frame of the FC approximation from the electronic transition dipole moments and the FC factors. This computational effort together with our experimental measurements provides, for the first time, powerful tools for comparison with space-based data and, hence, a powerful approach to understand the spectroscopy of interstellar PAH analogs and the nature of the UIR and DIBs.

Tan, Xiaofeng↗
NASA NTRS1982

IUE observations of Herbig-Haro and related objects

The I.U.E. spectra of the Herbig-Haro objectives H-H 1, H-H 2H, H-H 2G and H-H 32 A are considered. In order to obtain a better understanding of the physics of these intriguing objects and of the formation of the ultraviolet continua and emission lines in H-H objects, the UV spectra of the Cohen-Schwartz star, the T Tauri star AS 353A, and of the reflection nebula NGC 1999 (which is illuminated by the young object V 380 Orionis), are also examined.

Boehm, K. H.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Ultraviolet Views of Enceladus, Tethys, and Dione

The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) has collected ultraviolet observations of many of Saturn's icy moons since Cassini's insertion into orbit around Saturn. We will report on results from Enceladus, Tethys and Dione, orbiting in the Saturn system at distances of 3.95, 4.88 and 6.26 Saturn radii, respectively. Icy satellite science objectives of the UVIS include investigations of surface age and evolution, surface composition and chemistry, and tenuous exospheres. We address these objectives by producing albedo maps, and reflection and emission spectra, and observing stellar occultations. UVIS has four channels: EUV: Extreme Ultraviolet (55 nm to 110 nm), FUV: Far Ultraviolet (110 to 190 nm), HSP: High Speed Photometer, and HDAC: Hydrogen-Deuterium Absorption Cell. The EUV and FUV spectrographs image onto a 2-dimensional detector, with 64 spatial rows by 1024 spectral columns. To-date we have focused primarily on the far ultraviolet data acquired with the low resolution slit width (4.8 angstrom spectral resolution). Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.

Hansen, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1997

The flat fielding and achievable signal-to-noise of the MAMA detectors

The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) was designed to achieve a signal-to-noise (S/N) of at least 100:1 per resolution element. Multi-Anode Microchannel Arrays (MAMA) observations during Servicing Mission Orbital Verification (SMOV) confirm that this specification can be met. From analysis of a single spectrum of GD153, with counting statistics of approximately 165 a S/N of approximately 125 is achieved per spectral resolution element in the far ultraviolet (FUV) over the spectral range of 1280A to 1455A. Co-adding spectra of GRW+7OD5824 to increase the counting statistics to approximately 300 yields a S/N of approximately 190 per spectral resolution element over the region extending from 1347A to 1480A in the FUV. In the near ultraviolet (NUV), a single spectrum of GRW+7OD5824 with counting statistics of approximately 200 yields a S/N of approximately 150 per spectral resolution element over the spectral region extending from 2167 to 2520A. Details of the flat field construction, the spectral extraction, and the definition of a spectral resolution element will be described in the text.

Kaiser, Mary Elizabeth↗
NASA NTRS1982

Ultraviolet spectroscopy of F and G supergiants with IUE. II - The hot companions of HR 2786 and HR 2859

Hot companion stars in two binary systems are analyzed by means of IUE low-dispersion spectra. HR 2859B is found to be a B2 IV or V star, and analysis of ultraviolet to near-infrared photometry indicates the primary to be an early G star only one magnitude brighter in V with a magnitude of -4.0. A third star probably associated with this system was classified B9p Hg a probable visual absolute magnitude of about -1.6 is obtained for it. HR 2786 is now confirmed to have a hot secondary, for which a spectral class of B9-9.5 is obtained. With an assumed luminosity for this component, the G2 Ib primary then has a magnitude of -3.8.

Parsons, S. B.↗
NASA NTRS2020

The Slow Demise of the Long-Lived Sn 2005ip

The Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) 2005ip is one of the most well-studied and long-lasting examples of an SN interacting with its circumstellar environment. The optical light curve plateaued at a nearly constant level for more than five years, suggesting ongoing shock interaction with an extended and clumpy circumstellar medium (CSM). Here, we present continued observations of the SN from ∼1000 to 5000 d post-explosion at all wavelengths, including X-ray, ultraviolet, near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared. The UV spectra probe the pre-explosion mass loss and show evidence for CNO processing. From the bolometric light curve, we find that the total radiated energy is in excess of 10 50 erg, the progenitor star’s pre-explosion mass-loss rate was >~ 1 × 10 −2 Mꙩ yr −1 , and the total mass lost shortly before explosion was >~1Mꙩ, though the mass lost could have been considerably larger depending on the efficiency for the conversion of kinetic energy to radiation. The ultraviolet through NIR spectrum is characterized by two high-density components, one with narrow high-ionization lines, and one with broader low-ionization H I, He I, [OI], Mg II, and Fe II lines. The rich Fe II spectrum is strongly affected by Lyα fluorescence, consistent with spectral modelling. Both the Balmer and He I lines indicate a decreasing CSM density during the late interaction period. We find similarities to SN 1988Z, which shows a comparable change in spectrum at around the same time during its very slow decline. These results suggest that, at long last, the shock interaction in SN 2005ip may finally be on the decline.

stars↗