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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Release of ENDF81SaB: ENDF/B-VIII.1-Based ACE Data Files for Thermal Scattering

On August 30, 2024, the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) released the ENDF/B-VIII.1 nuclear data library. The library was released in the standard Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) format. These files can be accessed on the NNDC's website (www.nndc.bnl.gov). The files provided in the thermal neutron scattering sublibrary were processed into A Compact ENDF (ACE)-formatted files, verified, and validated by the XCP-5 Nuclear Data Team, resulting in the ENDF81SaB application library. This report details the processing of these files and the quality assurance approach taken. This is not intended to be a full validation effort; rather, this library is intended to simply reproduce the released files for further validation testing by the community. The validation basis and details of the evaluations are documented in the forthcoming ``Big Paper''.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Expansion of the Fuel Motion Monitoring System

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) Fuel Motion Monitoring System (FMMS) is a diagnostic tool used to visualize the movement and location of fuel within the nuclear reactor during transient experiments. TREAT is designed to test the behavior of nuclear fuel under accident conditions, such as a rapid power increase. The TREAT FMMS, also referred to as the “hodoscope” because of the system’s massive steel collimator component, is located on the North beam port of the reactor. While the FMMS system is capable of incorporating a total of 360 sensors, initial refurbishment efforts resulted in a array of 96 fast neutron detectors. This initial array was configured to provide a narrow (2 channels) full-length view of experiment vessels with an extended 4-channel–wide region in the center of the array capable of providing a full view of all initially planned experiments. Planning and efforts to expand the FMMS array began immediately following the restart of TREAT. An additional 96 detectors were evaluated, characterized, and prepared for installation at TREAT during the summer of 2018. Unfortunately, funding reductions forced the project towards a 5-year hiatus. In October of 2023 funding from the Department of Energy’s Nuclear Science User Facilities enabled the expansion to recommence. This report serves to document the activities performed to expand the FMMS detector array to 192 channels in order to provide a broader view of the larger and more sophisticated test capsules currently planned for future irradiation in the TREAT reactor. This expansion also included doubling the data acquisition capability, addressing the new heat load on the system, and synchronizing the time for all digital components.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2026

New Report Highlights LAMP's Role as a Robust and Reliable System for Wave Energy Converter Testing

Harnessing the power of waves requires more than just putting devices in the ocean - it takes tools that can refine and accelerate innovation before the first deployment. That's where NLR's largeamplitude motion platform, or LAMP, comes in. LAMP is a six-degree-of-freedom motion system designed to replicate the response of a wave energy converter (WEC) device in realistic ocean conditions. By letting researchers evaluate WEC performance in a safe, controlled lab environment before moving offshore, LAMP helps accelerate innovation while reducing risk. An NLR report, titled Initial Characterization of the NLR LargeAmplitude Motion Platform (https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy26osti/93733.pdf), provides a deeper understanding of LAMP's capabilities and also lays the groundwork for future advancements in WEC testing methodologies. Researchers studied LAMP's amplitude and frequency limits across different payloads and collected data from 16 test profiles. Testing demonstrated that platform accuracy remained consistent across all payloads evaluated; researchers expect similar accuracy up to LAMP's 10,000-kilogram capacity limit. The measured position limits for single degrees of freedom experienced by WECs, including surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw, also exceeded the original manufacturer specifications, providing new insight into the true boundaries of the system.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2024

Scattering Calorimeter FY24 Deliverable Report

A simulation-based method has been developed to prototype new detector designs for nuclear data measurements utilizing neutron scattering. This method uses representative physics inputs for signal and background generation, full detector resolution smearing benchmarked by experimental data, and a neutron beam timing simulation to produce analyzable output like a physical measurement. A test case has been studied using a hybrid time-of-flight calorimeter detector for scattering cross-section measurements on 239 Pu with 1-5 MeV incident monoenergetic neutrons. Data analysis methods have been developed to perform event-level particle reconstruction and reaction channel discrimination. This analysis has been used to estimate the capability of the test detector to perform simultaneous scattering and fission cross section measurements, as well as its ability to provide neutron spectra and particle angular information.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

How do magnetized HED flows transition to collimated plasma jets? (Final Report)

We present results from a pulsed-power experiment designed to generate accretion-like flows in the laboratory that may be used to study the dynamics of astrophysical accretion-driven outflows. To emulate systems like Young Stellar Object (YSO) outflows, we create radially converging plasma flows in a short disk that transition into much longer bipolar outflows. Our experiment uses a ~1 MA pulsed-power driver to generate plasma from an array of thin aluminum wires mounted to a 3D-printed current path that controls the angular momentum and magnetic field topology. In this paper, we show that experimental data scale favorably to observed properties of YSO jets. This set of experiments tests the simplest version of our possible plasma dynamics, where outflows are generated without rotation or axial magnetic field present. The temperature, velocity and density of the disk and outflows are characterized using interferometry, gated optical and ultraviolet imaging, and Thomson scattering diagnostics. We discuss the Reynolds number, magnetic Reynolds number and Mach numbers calculated in three different stages of the experiment, and compare our results to 3D numerical simulations in the PERSEUS magnetohydrodynamics code. This report is a summary of the work done by the graduate students who were supported by the project.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

USHPRR MP-1 Irradiation Test: Assessment of Edge Pitting and Bond Line Corrosion in Vendor Produced Fuel Plates

This report summarizes an effort to identify the source of anomalous localized edge pitting and bond line corrosive attack of experimental mini fuel plates manufactured at the commercial fuel vendor BWXT and tested in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) as part of the Miniplate 1 (MP-1) irradiation test. The MP-1 test was conducted by the US High Performance Research Reactor Project (USHPRR) and overseen by the Fuel Qualification Pillar (FQ). The test involved evaluation of a mix of 62 “vendor” fuel plates fabricated at BWXT and 12 “laboratory” fuel plates fabricated at Idaho National Laboratory using commercial-scale and labscale fabrication processes respectively. The MP-1 test was the first in a series of tests to generate data to support qualification of a new plate-type low-enriched uranium (LEU) U-10Mo monolithic fuel system. The major objective of the MP-1 experiment was to test, for the first time, miniplates fabricated by a commercial fuel vendor over the range of irradiation conditions relevant to conversion of NRC regulated High Performance Research Reactors (HPRRs) from high-enriched uranium to LEU. The focus of the efforts described in this report are the vendor fuel plates to inform changes in the fabrication process prior to fabrication of the next miniplate experiment MP2.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Irradiation of MiniFuel Targets Bearing TRISO Fuel Compacts (Status Report)

Irradiation testing of MiniFuel compacts bearing tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to support the development of Kairos Power’s (KP’s) fluoride salt–cooled high-temperature reactor concept. The fuel compacts were fabricated with TRISO fuel particles of different types—including low-enriched uranium oxide, uranium carbide (LEUCO), natural uranium oxide, uranium carbide (NUCO), and low-enriched uranium dioxide (LEUO 2 )—and inserted into MiniFuel irradiation targets. Five targets were assembled and inserted in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) for four cycles. The data collected post-irradiation will provide experimental input to validate TRISO fuel performance models for high particle power operations. This report summarizes the completion of the HFIR irradiation, the as-irradiated numerical analysis, and the post-irradiation work performed to date. This work was performed under the Nuclear Science User Facility program.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Distances to Prompt Effects for a Nuclear Device

In 2010, nuclear weapon effects experts at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) were asked to provide a quick reference document containing estimated prompt nuclear effects. This report is an update to the 2010 document that includes updated model assumptions. This report addresses only the prompt effects associated with a nuclear detonation (e.g., blast, thermal fluence, and prompt ionizing radiation). The potential medium- and longer-term health effects associated with nuclear fallout are not considered in this report because, in part, of the impracticality of making generic estimates given the high dependency of fallout predictions on the local meteorological conditions at the time of the event. The results included in this report also do not consider the urban environment (e.g., shielding by or collapse of structures) which may affect the extent of prompt effects. It is important to note that any operational recommendations made using the estimates in this report are limited by the generic assumptions considered in the analysis and should not replace analyses made for a specific scenario/device. Furthermore, nuclear effects experts (John Hogan, SNL, and Byron Ristvet, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)) have indicated that the accuracy of effects predictions below 0.5 kilotons (kT) or 500 tons nuclear yield have greater uncertainty because of the limited data available for the prompt effects in this regime. The Specialized Hazard Assessment Response Capability (SHARC) effects prediction tool was used for these analyses. Specifically, the NUKE model within SHARC 2021 Version 10.2 was used. NUKE models only the prompt effects following a nuclear detonation. The algorithms for predicting range-to-output data contained within the NUKE model are primarily based on nuclear test effects data. Probits have been derived from nuclear test data and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protective action guides. Probits relate the probability of a hazard (e.g., fatality or injury) caused by a given insult (e.g., overpressure, thermal fluence, dose level). Several probits have been built into SHARC to determine the fatality and injury associated with a given level of insult. Some of these probits differ with varying yield. Such probits were used to develop the tables and plots in this report.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multi-technique structural analysis of zinc carboxylates (soaps)

A series of medium- and long-chain zinc carboxylates (zinc octanoate, zinc nonanoate, zinc decanoate, zinc undecanoate, zinc dodecanoate, zinc pivalate, zinc stearate, zinc palmitate, zinc oleate, and zinc azelate) was analyzed by ultra-high-field 67 Zn NMR spectroscopy up to 35.2 T, as well as 13 C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. We also report the single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of zinc nonanoate, zinc decanoate, and zinc oleate—the first long-chain carboxylate single-crystals to be reported for zinc. The NMR and X-ray diffraction data suggest that the carboxylates exist in three distinct geometric groups, based on structural and spectroscopic parameters. The ssNMR results presented here present a future for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-NMR-based minimally invasive methods for testing artwork for the presence of zinc carboxylates.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Applications of machine learning to a compact magnetic spectrometer for high repetition rate, laser-driven particle acceleration

Accurately and rapidly diagnosing laser–plasma interactions is often difficult due to the time-intensive nature of the analysis and will only become more so with the rise of high repetition rate lasers and the desire to implement feedback on a commensurate timescale. Diagnostic analysis employing machine learning techniques can help address this problem while maintaining a high degree of accuracy. We report on the application of machine learning to the analysis of a scintillator-based electron spectrometer for experiments on high intensity, laser–plasma interactions at the Colorado State University Advanced Lasers and Extreme Photonics facility. Our approach utilizes a neural network trained on synthetic data and tested on experiments to extract the accelerated electron temperature. By leveraging transfer learning, we demonstrate an improvement in the neural network accuracy, decreasing the network error by 50%.

Swanson, K. K. (ORCID:0000000286880568)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Source term method for binary neutron stars initial data

The initial condition problem for a binary neutron star system requires a Poisson equation solver for the velocity potential with a Neumann-like boundary condition on the surface of the star. Difficulties that arise in this boundary value problem are: (a) the boundary is not known a priori, but constitutes part of the solution of the problem; (b) various terms become singular at the boundary. In this work, we present a new method to solve the fluid Poisson equation for irrotational/spinning binary neutron stars. The advantage of the new method is that it does not require complex fluid surface fitted coordinates and it can be implemented in a Cartesian grid, which is a standard choice in numerical relativity calculations. This is accomplished by employing the source term method proposed by Towers, where the boundary condition is treated as a jump condition and is incorporated as additional source terms in the Poisson equation, which is then solved iteratively. The issue of singular terms caused by vanishing density on the surface is resolved with an additional separation that shifts the computation boundary to the interior of the star. We present two-dimensional tests to show the convergence of the source term method, and we further apply this solver to a realistic three-dimensional binary neutron star problem. By comparing our solution with the one coming from the initial data solver cocal, we demonstrate agreement to approximately 1%. We report our method can be used in other problems with non-smooth solutions like in magnetized neutron stars.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic Field Measurements of First Pre-series Full -Length 4.2 m Quadrupole MQXFA03 Using PCB Rotating Coils for the Hi Hi-Lumi LHC Project

The U.S. Hi-Lumi LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) and CERN have joined efforts to develop high field quad-rupoles for the Hi-Lumi LHC upgrade. The US national laborato-ries in the AUP project will deliver 10 magnets and each cryostat has two 4.2 m high gradient quadrupoles in it. These magnets are made of Nb3Sn conductors, with large aperture (150 mm) and in-tegrated gradient of 556.9 T. This paper reports on magnetic measurements performed during the vertical test at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in 2019-2020. A warm measurement Z-Scan (+/- 15 A) with 42 Z-positions before cool-down was per-formed at BNL. The results were directly compared to field data measured at LBNL during magnet assembly. Measured harmonics and magnetic center offsets (ΔX and ΔY) have provided timely and informative diagnostics on the magnet structure’s shape at both warm and cold temperatures. A new centering fixture was de-signed and added to better center the warm bore tube which con-tains the rotating coil probe. After the quench training to 16.47 kA was achieved, a complete set of cold measurements (Z-Scan at 16.47 kA and I-Scan from 960 A to 16.47 kA and back to 960 A) was made. Periodic axial variation of allowed and nonallowed harmonics was observed which is related to the coil radial and/or mid-plane variations along the magnet axis. Overall, the average harmonics in the straight section are within the required field boundaries.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Product consistency test results for the LAW Phase 4 gases

In this report, the Savannah River National Laboratory provides chemical analysis of Product Consistency Test (PCT) leachates from a series of simulated nuclear waste glasses fabricated at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The series included quenched and canister-centerline cooled (CCC) versions of the glasses. The resulting data will be used in the development of enhanced property/composition models for waste vitrification at Hanford. For some of the glass leachates, minor scatter among the triplicate values of some analytes were observed. For other leachates, there were more significant differences among the triplicate values. A review of the PCT data noted that there was little difference between the normalized values based on targeted or measured glass composition. Several of the study glasses have normalized concentration of element “i” (NCi) values that are greater than the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant immobilized low-activity waste constraint of 4 g/L for boron (B), sodium (Na), and silicon (Si). The results of these glasses will help ensure the ability of advanced glass performance models to appropriately predict acceptable compositions. For the study glasses with NCi values exceeding 4 g/L, the CCC heat treatment samples had generally lower NCi values than quenched samples. The samples of the Environmental Assessment (EA) reference glass included with each PCT set had generally consistent NCi values. The release rates for boron (B), potassium (K), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and silicon (Si) were highly correlated for the study glasses.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Iodine Waste Form Corrosion: PNNL Summary Testing Report

A test method to correlate the laboratory corrosion behavior of iodine-containing waste forms (IWFs) to a conceptual long-term corrosion models is required. Several candidate methods have been evaluated previously, and each method presents unique challenges and limitations. Dynamic leach tests have emerged as the preferred candidate test method to evaluate IWFs and parameterize an eventual long-term corrosion model. This report was prepared in support of this effort to define the test suite to evaluate the corrosion of IWFs, with the goal of defining and parameterizing a conceptual long-term corrosion model. A review was presented highlighting the high degree of variability between the IWF corrosion data that is available in the literature and the need for a standardized test suite. The targeted test suite is composed of a single interval screening test, a dynamic leach test, and post-test solid characterization of the monolithic IWF samples. The data presented serves two purposes: to expand the range of IWFs evaluated with the test suite to assess method variability and to further understand the corrosion of IWFs to best inform conceptual long-term corrosion model development. A series of IWF types were included in the testing, including hot isostatically pressed Ag-mordenite, silver functionalized silica-based aerogels, iodosodalites (hot isostatic pressing, sintered, glass bonded ceramic), iodoapatite, tellurite glass and glass composite materials.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Product Consistency Test Results for the LAW ALG Glasses

This report provides the results of the Product Consistency Test leachates from the Low-Activity Waste Algorithm glasses, a series of simulated nuclear waste glasses designed and fabricated at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The series included quenched and canister centerline cooled versions of the glasses. These data will be used in the development, validation, and implementation of enhanced property/composition models for waste glass vitrification at Hanford.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Index of Classified Reports Collection now available Vital resource for Weapons researchers, today’s mission work

The collection is made up of classified technical reports containing weapons data dating back to the start of the nuclear security enterprise. The information is compiled into reports, slides, handbooks and literature. It originated from Los Alamos, Lawrence Livermore, and Sandia Labs, as well as from the Department of Defense and likely every other organization involved in nuclear testing, including contractors and those that are now defunct.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

ComStock Measure Scenario Documentation: Laboratory-Informed Modeling of Standard Performance Heat Pump Rooftop Units

This measure scenario replaces gas and electric resistance RTUs in the U.S. commercial building stock with standard efficiency commercial off the shelf heat pump rooftop units. This study uses performance data informed by NREL laboratory testing of a standard efficiency 7.5-ton heat pump RTU. This is the key distinction between this measure scenario and a similar ComStock measure scenario - Standard Performance Heat Pump Rooftop Units - that uses published manufacturer data tables to inform performance. These two scenarios are compared in this report.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Glass Property-Composition Models Update for use in Direct Feed High-Level Waste Flowsheet Development: EWG3.0

A set of preliminary glass property models and constraints were developed and augmented by models from literature for use in design of Direct Feed High-Level Waste glasses for flowsheet evaluation, testing, and design of the High-Level Waste Facility at the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. These models and constraints are meant to be used as a placeholder while glass property-composition data gaps are filled and final plant operating models are developed. This report describes the motivation and intended use of the models, the compilation of data, model fitting and selection, and methods to apply the models and constraints in glass design, and offers example calculations demonstrating their intended use.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗