Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “SATURATION”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Colloid Transport in Saturated Porous Media: Elimination of Attachment Efficiency in a New Colloid Transport Model

A new colloid transport model is introduced that is conceptually simple but captures the essential features of complicated attachment and detachment behavior of colloids when conditions of secondary minimum attachment exist. This model eliminates the empirical concept of collision efficiency; the attachment rate is computed directly from colloid filtration theory. Also, a new paradigm for colloid detachment based on colloid population heterogeneity is introduced. Assuming the dispersion coefficient can be estimated from tracer behavior, this model has only two fitting parameters: (1) the fraction of colloids that attach irreversibly and (2) the rate at which reversibly attached colloids leave the surface. These two parameters were correlated to physical parameters that control colloid transport such as the depth of the secondary minimum and pore water velocity. Given this correlation, the model serves as a heuristic tool for exploring the influence of physical parameters such as surface potential and fluid velocity on colloid transport. This model can be extended to heterogeneous systems characterized by both primary and secondary minimum deposition by simply increasing the fraction of colloids that attach irreversibly.

Landkamer, Lee L.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Will {sup 177}Lu-DOTATATE Treatment Become More Effective in Salvage Meningioma Patients, When Boosting Somatostatin Receptor Saturation? A Promising Case on Intra-arterial Administration

Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 upregulation is very common in meningiomas, and the use of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is recognized in recent European guidelines, with long-term stable disease and a long overall survival. Treatment efficacy of radionuclide treatments is correlated with tumour radiation absorbed dose. Meningioma patients with low tumour uptake might benefit less from treatment. Thus, a method to increase tumour uptake in these patients is needed. We describe a case treated with both intravenous and intra-arterial PRRT. Tumour uptake after intravenous PRRT was disappointing, and after intra-arterial administration significantly increased tumour uptake was seen. Patient had a partial response on imaging and reduction in tumour-related complaints. Potentially, intra-arterial administration of PRRT could increase treatment efficacy in meningioma patients. Level of Evidence 5 (case report).

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Heat-and-Mass Transfer Intensification in Saturated-Steam Generators in NPP with VVER as a Means for Increasing Efficiency and Reliability

The intensification of steam generation in combination with improvement of the temperature regime, specifically, with the elimination of temperature fluctuations of the loaded components of the apparatus (heat-exchange tubes, warming-medium headers) increases the steam-generation capacity and eliminates the factors causing damage to the structural elements of steam generators. The possibility of intensifying heat-and-mass transfer on the basis of the experience gained in operating steam generators in NPP with VVER (horizontal) and NPP in foreign countries (vertical) is examined. It is concluded on the basis of the analysis that it is expedient to develop a domestically produced apparatus of the vertical type, which will make possible well-founded production of steam generators for NPP with VVER in the future.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Stable and radioactive carbon isotope partitioning in soils and saturated systems: a reactive transport modeling benchmark study

This benchmark provides the first rigorous test of a three-isotope system [ 12 C, 13 C, and 14 C] subject to the combined effects of radioactive decay and both stable equilibrium and kinetic fractionation. We present a series of problems building in complexity based on the cycling of carbon in both organic and inorganic forms. The key components implement (1) equilibrium fractionation between multiple coexisting carbon species as a function of pH, (2) radioactive decay of radiocarbon with associated mass-dependent speciation demonstrating appropriate correction of the Δ 14 C value in agreement with reporting convention, and (3) kinetic stable isotope fractionation due to the oxidation of organic carbon to inorganic forms as a function of time and space in an open, through-flowing system. Participating RTM codes are CrunchTope, ToughReact, Hytec, and The Geochemist’s Workbench. Across all problem levels, simulation results from all RTMs demonstrate good agreement.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Modeling the hydro-mechanical responses of strip and circular punch loadings on water-saturated collapsible geomaterials

A stabilized enhanced strain finite element procedure for poromechanics is fully integrated with an elasto-plastic cap model to simulate the hydro-mechanical interactions of fluid-infiltrating porous rocks with associative and non-associative plastic flow. We present a quantitative analysis on how macroscopic plastic volumetric response caused by pore collapse and grain rearrangement affects the seepage of pore fluid, and vice versa. Results of finite element simulations imply that the dissipation of excess pore pressure may significantly affect the stress path and thus alter the volumetric plastic responses.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Measurement of the Activity Coefficients of P and Mn in Carbon-Saturated Fe-P-Mn-C Alloy

The thermodynamic properties of the Fe-P-Mn-C(sat.) alloy, which is obtained following the reduction of steelmaking slag or manganese ore, are not adequately clarified. Thus, the current study involved measuring the activity coefficients of both Mn and P in the alloy system. The Fe-P-Mn-C (sat.) alloy (2.5 to 15.2 mass pct of P and 2.9 to 12.8 mass pct of Mn) was equilibrated with Ag in a graphite crucible at 1673 K, and thus several thermodynamic data were obtained as follows: Interaction parameters: ε{sub Mn (C sat.)}{sup P}=− 4.72±0.27,(X{sub Mn}<0.06, X{sub P}<0.25, 1673K), ε{sub C (C sat.)}{sup P}=6.09 ± 0.15, (X{sub Mn}<0.06, X{sub P}<0.25, 1673K). C solubility: X{sub C[in Fe-P-Mn-C(sat.)]}=0.19e{sup −(6.09X{sub P}− 0.47X{sub M}{sub n})}. Activity coefficient: lnγ{sub Mn [in Fe-P-Mn-C(sat.)]}=− 4.72X{sub P}−0.47X{sub C}−0.87, lnγ{sub P [in Fe-P-Mn-C(sat.)]}{sup H}−lnγ{sub P [in Fe-P-C]}{sup H}=ε{sub P}{sup Mn}X{sub Mn}=−4.72X{sub Mn}, and lnγ{sub P [in Fe-P-Mn-C (sat.)]}{sup H}=−4.72X{sub Mn}+4.26X{sub P}+6.09X{sub C}. In addition, a comparison with the results obtained by previous studies on the selective reduction of steelmaking slag indicated that the activity coefficients of P and Mn obtained in the study were applicable.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Low temperature bainitic ferrite: Evidence of carbon super-saturation and tetragonality

Experimental evidence indicates that bainitic ferrite formed by transformation at low temperatures (200-350 °C) includes quantities of carbon in solid solution far beyond those expected from para-equilibrium. A change in the conventional symmetry of the bainitic ferrite lattice from cubic to tetragonal explains the abnormal solid solubility detected. This carbon supersaturation was measured by atom probe tomography, and the tetragonality of the bainitic ferrite, was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multiphysics modeling of a critical dual-purpose canister in a saturated geological repository

Dual purpose dry cask storage canisters for spent nuclear fuel are designed for storage and transportation, but are not licensed for permanent disposal in a geological repository. If dual purpose canisters were to be used to dispose of spent nuclear fuel in a geological repository, they would be expected to eventually breach and be flooded with groundwater, and it is shown that some fraction of these canisters will achieve criticality. In order to evaluate the consequences of canisters going critical in a repository, an initial capability has been developed for estimating the quasi-static power level of a critical canister using loosely coupled multiphysics simulations. The low power level in a critical canister enables coupling through precomputed physics proxies. This calculated power level is then used to compute the change in the critical canister’s isotopic inventory as a function of time. Three as-loaded canisters are evaluated and two were found to have power levels below 4 kW, with a modest effect on the radiological inventory over time. This effort also shows that although some DPCs will have extremely peaked power shapes, the relatively low power and long-time scales result in relatively homogenized thermohydraulic properties in the water within the DPC.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Saturated fatty acid palmitate negatively regulates autophagy by promoting ATG5 protein degradation in meniscus cells

Obesity and associated metabolic factors are major risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis. Previously, we have shown that the free fatty acid palmitate induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induces apoptosis in meniscus cells. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these effects are not clearly understood. In our current study, we found that palmitate inhibits autophagy by modulating the protein levels of autophagy-related genes-5 (ATG5) that is associated with decreased lipidation of LC3 and increased activation of cleaved caspase 3. Pretreatment of meniscus cells with 4-phenyl butyric acid, a small molecule chemical chaperone that alleviates ER stress, or with MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, restored normal levels of ATG5 and autophagosome formation, and decreased expression of cleaved caspase 3. Thus, our data suggest that palmitate downregulates autophagy in meniscus cells by degrading ATG5 protein via ER-associated protein degradation, and thus promotes apoptosis. This is the first study to demonstrate that palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress negatively regulates autophagy.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗