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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Updated constraints on the light-neutrino exchange mechanisms of the 0νββ-decay

The neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay associated with light neutrino exchange mechanisms, which are due to both left-handed V-A and right-handed V+A leptonic and hadronic currents, is discussed by using the recent progress achieved by the GERDA, EXO and KamlandZen experiments. The upper limits for effective neutrino mass m{sub ββ} and the parameters 〈λ〉 and 〈η〉 characterizing the right handed current mechanisms are deduced from the data on the 0νββ-decay of {sup 76}Ge and {sup 136}Xe using nuclear matrix elements calculated within the nuclear shell model and quasiparticle random phase approximation and phase-space factors calculated with exact Dirac wave functions with finite nuclear size and electron screening. The careful analysis of upper constraints on effective lepton number violating parameters assumes a competition of the above mechanisms and arbitrary values of involved CP violating phases.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Projected metastable Markov processes and their estimation with observable operator models

The determination of kinetics of high-dimensional dynamical systems, such as macromolecules, polymers, or spin systems, is a difficult and generally unsolved problem — both in simulation, where the optimal reaction coordinate(s) are generally unknown and are difficult to compute, and in experimental measurements, where only specific coordinates are observable. Markov models, or Markov state models, are widely used but suffer from the fact that the dynamics on a coarsely discretized state spaced are no longer Markovian, even if the dynamics in the full phase space are. The recently proposed projected Markov models (PMMs) are a formulation that provides a description of the kinetics on a low-dimensional projection without making the Markovianity assumption. However, as yet no general way of estimating PMMs from data has been available. Here, we show that the observed dynamics of a PMM can be exactly described by an observable operator model (OOM) and derive a PMM estimator based on the OOM learning.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Three examples of quantum dynamics on the half-line with smooth bouncing

This article is an introductory presentation of the quantization of the half-plane based on affine coherent states (ACS). The half-plane carries a natural affine symmetry, i.e. it is a homogeneous space for the 1d-affine group, and it is viewed as the phase space for the dynamics of a positive physical quantity evolving with time. Its affine symmetry is preserved due to the covariance of this type of quantization. We promote the interest of such a procedure for transforming a classical model into a quantum one, since the singularity at the origin is systematically removed, and the arbitrariness of boundary conditions for the Schrödinger operator can be easily overcome. We explain some important mathematical aspects of the method. Three elementary examples of applications are presented, the quantum breathing of a massive sphere, the quantum smooth bouncing of a charged sphere, and a smooth bouncing of “dust” sphere as a simple model of quantum Newtonian cosmology.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Tunable Mode Coupling in Nanocontact Spin-Torque Oscillators

Recent experiments on spin-torque oscillators have revealed interactions between multiple magneto-dynamic modes, including mode coexistence, mode hopping, and temperature-driven crossover between modes. The initial multimode theory indicates that a linear coupling between several dominant modes, arising from the interaction of the subdynamic system with a magnon bath, plays an essential role in the generation of various multimode behaviors, such as mode hopping and mode coexistence. In this work, we derive a set of rate equations to describe the dynamics of coupled magneto-dynamic modes in a nanocontact spin-torque oscillator. Here, expressions for both linear and nonlinear coupling terms are obtained, which allow us to analyze the dependence of the coupled dynamic behaviors of modes on external experimental conditions as well as intrinsic magnetic properties. For a minimal two-mode system, we further map the energy and phase difference of the two modes onto a two-dimensional phase space and demonstrate in the phase portraits how the manifolds of periodic orbits and fixed points vary with an external magnetic field as well as with the temperature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

β-decay of magic nuclei: Beyond mean-field description

Nuclear β-decay plays an important role not only in nuclear physics but also in astrophysics. The widely used self-consistent Random Phase Approximation (RPA) models tend to overestimate the half-lives of magic nuclei. To overcome this problem, we go beyond the mean-field description and include the effects of particle-vibration coupling (PVC) on top of the RPA model. The β-decay half-lives of {sup 34}Si, {sup 68}Ni, {sup 78}Ni, and {sup 132}Sn are studied within this approach in the case of the Skyrme interaction SkM*. It is found that the low-lying Gamow-Teller (GT) strength is shifted downwards with the inclusion of the PVC effect, and as a consequence, the half-lives are reduced due to the increase of the phase space available for β-decay, which leads to a good agreement between theoretical and experimental lifetimes.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Relativistic Fermi-Ulam map: Application to WEGA stellarator lower hybrid power operation

Analytical and numerical support is here provided in support of the explanation [Laqua et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 56, 075022 (2014)] for the observation of ∼MeV electrons during Lower Hybrid (LH) operation in EC pre-heated plasma at the WEGA stellarator [Otte et al., Nukleonika, 57, 171 (2012)]. In the quoted experiments, LH power from the WEGA TE{sub 11} circular waveguide, 9 cm diameter, un-phased, 2.45 GHz antenna, is radiated into a B ≅ 0.5 T, n{sup ¯}{sub e} ≅ 5 × 10{sup 17} 1/m{sup 3} plasma at T{sub e} ≅ 10 eV bulk temperature with an EC-generated 50 keV population of electrons. In response, the fast electrons travel around flux or drift surfaces essentially without collisions, repeatedly interacting with the rf field close to the antenna mouth, and gaining energy in the process. Our WEGA antenna calculations indicate a predominantly standing electric field pattern at the antenna mouth. From a simple approximation of the corresponding Hamiltonian equations of motion, we derive here a relativistic generalization of the simplified area-preserving Fermi-Ulam (F-U) map [M. A. Lieberman and A. J. Lichtenberg, Phys. Rev. A 5, 1852 (1972), Lichtenberg et al., Physica D 1, 291 (1980)], allowing phase-space global stochasticity analysis. At typical WEGA plasma and antenna conditions, and with correlated phases between electron–antenna electric field interaction events, the F-U map and supporting numerical simulations predict an absolute energy barrier in the range of 300 keV. In contrast, with random phases intervening between interaction events, the electron energy can reach ∼MeV values, compatible with the measurements on WEGA [Laqua et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 56, 075022 (2014)].

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

AN ASTROMETRIC SEARCH FOR A SUB-STELLAR COMPANION OF THE M8.5 DWARF TVLM 513–46546 USING VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY

We conducted multi-epoch very long baseline interferometry observations to search for astrometric reflex motion that would be caused by a sub-stellar companion of the M8.5 dwarf TVLM 513–46546. The observations yield an absolute parallax corresponding to a distance of 10.762 ± 0.027 pc and a proper motion of 78.09 ± 0.17 mas yr{sup –1}. The averaged flux density per epoch varies by a factor of at least three. From the absence of significant residual motion, we place an upper limit on any reflex motion caused by a companion, extending the parameter space covered by previous near-infrared direct-imaging searches. The data exclude a phase space of companion masses and orbital periods ranging from 3.8 M{sub Jup} with an orbital radius of ∼0.05 AU (and an orbital period of 16 days) to 0.3 M{sub Jup} with an orbital radius of ∼0.7 AU (and an orbital period of 710 days)

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

The time evolution of gaps in tidal streams

We model the time evolution of gaps in tidal streams that are caused by the impact of a dark matter subhalo, while these orbit a spherical gravitational potential. To this end, we make use of the simple behavior of orbits in action-angle space. A gap effectively results from the divergence of two nearby orbits whose initial phase-space separation is, for very cold thin streams, largely given by the impulse induced by the subhalo. We find that in a spherical potential, the size of a gap increases linearly with time for sufficiently long timescales. We have derived an analytic expression that shows how the growth rate depends on the mass of the perturbing subhalo, its scale, and its relative velocity with respect to the stream. We have verified these scalings using N-body simulations and find excellent agreement. For example, a subhalo of mass 10{sup 8} M{sub ⊙} directly impacting a very cold thin stream on an inclined orbit can induce a gap that may reach a size of several tens of kiloparsecs after a few gigayears. The gap size fluctuates importantly with phase on the orbit, and it is largest close to pericenter. This indicates that it may not be fully straightforward to invert the spectrum of gaps present in a stream to recover the mass spectrum of the subhalos.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

New M{sub (2 + δ1)}X{sub (2 + δ2)} Superstructure of Ordered Nanocrystalline Titanium Monoxide and the Problem of Transition States

The results of experiments on the vacancy ordering in nanocrystalline nonstoichiometric titanium monoxide TiO{sub y} (space group Fm 3-bar m), which is accompanied by the formation of the orthorhombic Ti{sub 9}O{sub 10} phase (space group Immm), are considered. The vacancy distribution in the ordered phase is described by a two-sublattice-ordering M{sub (2 + δ1)}X{sub (2 + δ2)} superstructure. The disorder–order (TiO{sub y}–Ti{sub (2 + δ1)}O{sub (2 + δ2)}) phase transition is accompanied by symmetry distortions along non-Lifshitz star {k_4}. When ordering, vacancies concentrate in every third (110) plane of the basic B1-type structure. The deviation of stoichiometry is caused by different vacancy concentrations in the defect planes in the metallic and nonmetallic sublattices (parameters δ{sub 1} and δ{sub 2}, respectively). The new class of M{sub (n + δ1)}X{sub (n + δ2)} superstructures is shown to generate numerous order–disorder transition state models, which cannot be described in terms of the mean-field approximation. At δ{sub 1} = δ{sub 2} = 0.5, the orthorhombic M{sub (2 + δ1)}X{sub (2 + δ2)} structure is a particular case of the partly disordered monoclinic M{sub 5}X{sub 5} superstructure (space group C2/m(A2/m)), which is characteristic of a coarse-grained state.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Biparametric investigation of the general standard map: multistability and global bifurcations

We investigate multistability and global bifurcations in the general standard map, a biparametric two-dimensional map. Departing from the conservative case of the map, we describe the evolution of periodic solutions and their basins of attraction as dissipation builds up, paying special attention on how the biparametric variation affects multistability. We examine general and specific phenomena and behavior for three distinct dynamical regimes, namely small, moderate, and large damping and different forcing amplitudes. Also, we report numerically the mechanism of global bifurcations associated to small chaotic attractors in the multistable system. Several global bifurcations are investigated as dissipation increases. Specifically, through the characterization of an interior, a merging and a boundary crisis, we study the crucial role played by fundamental hyperbolic invariant structures, such as unstable periodic orbits and their stable and unstable invariant manifolds, in the mechanisms by which the phase space is globally transformed.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Synchronizing noisy nonidentical oscillators by transient uncoupling

Synchronization is the process of achieving identical dynamics among coupled identical units. If the units are different from each other, their dynamics cannot become identical; yet, after transients, there may emerge a functional relationship between them—a phenomenon termed “generalized synchronization.” Here, we show that the concept of transient uncoupling, recently introduced for synchronizing identical units, also supports generalized synchronization among nonidentical chaotic units. Generalized synchronization can be achieved by transient uncoupling even when it is impossible by regular coupling. We furthermore demonstrate that transient uncoupling stabilizes synchronization in the presence of common noise. Transient uncoupling works best if the units stay uncoupled whenever the driven orbit visits regions that are locally diverging in its phase space. Thus, to select a favorable uncoupling region, we propose an intuitive method that measures the local divergence at the phase points of the driven unit's trajectory by linearizing the flow and subsequently suppresses the divergence by uncoupling.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Higher order Lagrangians inspired by the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator and their cosmological applications

We study higher derivative terms associated with scalar field cosmology. We consider a coupling between the scalar field and the geometry inspired by the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator, given by α∂{sub μ}∂{sup μ}φ∂{sub ν}∂{sup ν}φ. We investigate the cosmological dynamics in a phase space. For α > 0, we provide conditions for the stability of de Sitter solutions. In this case the crossing of the phantom divide w{sub DE} = −1 occurs once; thereafter, the equation of state parameter remains under this line, asymptotically reaching towards the de Sitter solution from below. For α < 0, which is the portion of the parameter space where in addition to crossing the phantom divide, cyclic behavior is possible, we present regions in the parameter space where, according to Smilga's classification the ghost has benign or malicious behavior.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

A novel adaptive time stepping variant of the Boris–Buneman integrator for the simulation of particle accelerators with space charge

We show that adaptive time stepping in particle accelerator simulation is an enhancement for certain problems. The new algorithm has been implemented in the OPAL (Object Oriented Parallel Accelerator Library) framework. The idea is to adjust the frequency of costly self-field calculations, which are needed to model Coulomb interaction (space charge) effects. In analogy to a Kepler orbit simulation that requires a higher time step resolution at the close encounter, we propose to choose the time step based on the magnitude of the space charge forces. Inspired by geometric integration techniques, our algorithm chooses the time step proportional to a function of the current phase space state instead of calculating a local error estimate like a conventional adaptive procedure. Building on recent work, a more profound argument is given on how exactly the time step should be chosen. An intermediate algorithm, initially built to allow a clearer analysis by introducing separate time steps for external field and self-field integration, turned out to be useful by its own, for a large class of problems.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Three moving groups detected in the LAMOST DR1 archive

We analyze the kinematics of thick disk and halo stars observed by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. We have constructed a sample of 7993 F, G, and K nearby main-sequence stars (d < 2 kpc) with estimates of position (x, y, z) and space velocity (U, V, W) based on color and proper motion from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR9 catalog. Three 'phase-space overdensities' are identified in (V, √(U{sup 2}+2V{sup 2})) with significance levels of σ > 3. Two of them (the Hyades-Pleiades stream and the Arcturus-AF06 stream) have been identified previously. We also find evidence for a new stream (centered at V ∼ –180 km s{sup –1}) in the halo. The formation mechanisms of these three streams are analyzed. Our results support the hypothesis that the Arcturus-AF06 stream and the new stream originated from the debris of a disrupted satellite, while the Hyades-Pleiades stream has a dynamical origin.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Hyperbolic tori in Hamiltonian systems with slowly varying parameter

This paper looks at a Hamiltonian system which depends periodically on a parameter. For each value of the parameter the system is assumed to have a hyperbolic periodic solution. Using the methods in KAM-theory it is proved that if the Hamiltonian is perturbed so that the value of the parameter varies with constant small frequency, then the nonautonomous system will have hyperbolic 2-tori in the extended phase space. Bibliography: 12 titles.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

A Chaos Theoretic Approach to Animal Activity Recognition

Animal activity is a descriptor that can be potentially used to track the health and well-being, which is obviously very important to improve the management process and productivity of farms. This paper deals with an animal behavior recognition problem using a chaos theory approach where we adopt such a technique for automatic classification of calves behavioral states. Two main mutually exclusive behaviors are of interest, namely, lying and standing/walking with six possible activities: feeding, drinking water, drinking milk, playing, rumination, and neutral. The time series generated by ear-tags with a 3D-accelerometer after a wavelet denoising transformation and frequency stabilization are treated as representations of the nonlinear dynamical system. The dynamical system of a certain animal state exhibits specific strange attractor in a phase space. A characterization of such an attractor is performed through metric, dynamic, and topological invariants including Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, length of a phase trajectory, sum of edges forming a convex hull and others. These measures are used as a feature vector for the subsequent classification. In a cross validation scheme, six classifiers are built on each training set, and the hyper-parameters are optimized using an inner validation set. The classifier that reaches the highest accuracy on the inner validation set is used to classify the outer validation set. It is shown that this approach can be useful at predicting activity states as an alternative methodology for the animal behavior state recognition problem with acceptable classification accuracy. Furthermore it is possible to include this procedure as part of an ensemble method in machine learning where a combination of different models is used.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

FROM ORDER TO CHAOS IN EARTH SATELLITE ORBITS

We consider Earth satellite orbits in the range of semimajor axes where the perturbing effects of Earth’s oblateness and lunisolar gravity are of comparable order. This range covers the medium-Earth orbits (MEO) of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and the geosynchronous orbits (GEO) of the communication satellites. We recall a secular and quadrupolar model, based on the Milankovitch vector formulation of perturbation theory, which governs the long-term orbital evolution subject to the predominant gravitational interactions. We study the global dynamics of this two-and-a-half degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian system by means of the fast Lyapunov indicator (FLI), used in a statistical sense. Specifically, we characterize the degree of chaoticity of the action space using angle-averaged normalized FLI maps, thereby overcoming the angle dependencies of the conventional stability maps. Emphasis is placed upon the phase-space structures near secular resonances, which are of primary importance to the space debris community. We confirm and quantify the transition from order to chaos in MEO, stemming from the critical inclinations and find that highly inclined GEO orbits are particularly unstable. Despite their reputed normality, Earth satellite orbits can possess an extraordinarily rich spectrum of dynamical behaviors and, from a mathematical perspective, have all the complications that make them very interesting candidates for testing the modern tools of chaos theory.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Synthesis of Single Crystal Li 2 NpO 4 and Li 4 NpO 5 from Aqueous Lithium Hydroxide Solutions under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions

The ternary oxides, Li 2 NpO 4 and Li 4 NpO 5 , were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions using concentrated LiOH solutions containing NpO 2 (NO 3 )( 2 ). The reactions resulted in the formation of single crystals of both compounds, enabling the determination of their single crystal structures for the first time. Further, exploration of the synthetic phase space demonstrates that the resulting neptunate phases are dependent on the concentration of LiOH, transitioning from Li 2 NpO 4 , containing a typical octahedral neptunyl geometry with two shorter Np≡O bonds, at lower LiOH concentrations to Li 4 NpO 5 with two long and four short Np-O bonds under saturated solution conditions. Reactions exploring the same synthetic conditions are also reported for uranyl(VI) for comparison. Raman spectra of the compounds were collected and analyzed to evaluate the Np-O bonding in these compounds.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗