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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Design, Construction, and Field Validation of a Blown-In Fiberglass Wall System in a Cold, Wet, and Windy Climate

In the Native Village of Tununak, located on Nelson Island in Southwest Alaska,buildings are exposed to wind-driven rain and snow throughout the year. The Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC) and Knauf Insulation partnered with the community in 2018 to design a residence for a public safety officer. Construction began in fall 2021 and is scheduled to conclude in summer 2022. The house will use integrated trusses with floor, attic, and wall cavities filled with blown-in fiberglass insulation. Hygrothermal models of the building envelope system demonstrate that the high ambient moisture load will wet the outer edges of the insulation annually regardless of the extent and integrity of exterior weather sealing measures; blown-in fiberglass is expected to be more resilient to this wetting than blown-in cellulose. To verify this, researchers will embed temperature, relative humidity, and moisture sensors in the two windward walls of the house to monitor the ability of the blown-in fiberglass insulation to dry out after wetting events that may have occurred during the transport of the insulation to the building site, storage of the insulation on site, construction process, or after installation in the wall. Sensors will remain in place for two years,documenting the wall's performance over time and verifying the design's potential for use in buildings located in climates where the chance for moisture damage is high. Here, we describe the wall system , design criteria, and the results from the hygrothermal modeling. We share details on the monitoring system's components and the planned management and analysis of data. Finally, we explain how the experiences and data from this project will inform future builds in similar locations.

building design↗
DOE OSTI2026

COMPASS-FME Terrestrial Ecosystem Manipulation to Probe the Effects of Storm Treatments (TEMPEST) Experiment Level 2 Sensor Data v2-1

This is the version v2-1 Level 2 (L2) data release for COMPASS-FME environmental sensors located at our Terrestrial Ecosystem Manipulation to Probe the Effects of Storm Treatments (TEMPEST) experimental site. This manipulative, ecosystem-scale TEMPEST experiment addresses the potential for freshwater and estuarine-water disturbance events to alter tree function, species composition, and ecosystem processes in a deciduous coastal forest in MD, USA. The experiment uses a large-unit (2000 m2), un-replicated experimental design, with three 50 m × 40 m plots serving as control, freshwater, and estuarine-water treatments. Level 2 (L2) data consist of sensor observations from the COMPASS-FME synoptic sites, TEMPEST, and DELUGE. Compared to the L1 data, these are more consistent (always 15-minute timestamps for the entire year); better QA/QC’d (out of bounds, out of service, and extreme outlier values are removed); and more complete, with a gap-filled time series available alongside the main observations, and additional derived (calculated) variables. L2 data are intended to be rapidly and easily usable in analyses and simulations. However, algorithmic outlier identification always carries the risk of removing valid data, and Level 1 data may be more suitable for analyses that focus on variability or extreme events. This dataset includes: - An overall dataset README file that describes the current version, gives citation and contact information, etc. - Site- and year-specific folders, each holding variable-specific Parquet (a high performance, space efficient format; see https://parquet.apache.org) data files for each site and plot in that year. - Metadata files within each site-year folder provide full information on data units, expected ranges, contact information, detailed flood times, as well as a general description of the site. - Environmental sensor types that appear in the data files include weather (ClimaVUE50, CS, RM Young, and LI instruments in the graphs below); soil conditions (TEROS12); soil redox state (Redox); groundwater variables (AquaTROLL200 and AquaTROLL600); open water sondes (Exo); tree sap velocity (Sapflow); and system voltage and state (Datalogger). Data are reported every 15 minutes. Please see v2-1 TEMPEST L2 Sensor Package Quick Start.pdf for detailed information on data package structure, temporal coverage, and versioning. Data files are in Apache Parquet, a high performance, space efficient format for tabular data. These files can be read using R's `arrow` package (https://arrow.apache.org/docs/r/), with similar tools available in other languages. The TEMPEST flood events occurred on the following dates. They lasted for ~10 hours each day and delivered ~80,000 gallons to each plot; many data streams are available at 1 or 5 minute frequency during these periods. * Tests: Aug 25 (fresh plot) and Sep 9 (salt plot), 2021 * TEMPEST 1: June 22, 2022 * TEMPEST 2: June 6-7, 2023 * TEMPEST 3: June 11-13, 2024

EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATU↗
NASA NTRS1983

Supporting flight data analysis for Space Shuttle Orbiter Experiments at NASA Ames Research Center

The Space Shuttle Orbiter Experiments program in responsible for collecting flight data to extend the research and technology base for future aerospace vehicle design. The Infrared Imagery of Shuttle (IRIS), Catalytic Surface Effects, and Tile Gap Heating experiments sponsored by Ames Research Center are part of this program. The paper describes the software required to process the flight data which support these experiments. In addition, data analysis techniques, developed in support of the IRIS experiment, are discussed. Using the flight data base, the techniques have provided information useful in analyzing and correcting problems with the experiment, and in interpreting the IRIS image obtained during the entry of the third Shuttle mission.

Green, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A data base documenting fluids and materials processing experiments performed in space

A data base identifying over 600 low gravity fluids and materials processing experiments performed in the low gravity environment prior to 1988 has been created at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The compilation has been separated into two parts, designated as Version 1 and Version 2. Version 1 identifies over 500 experiments performed during sounding rocket, Apollo, Apollo-Soyuz, Skylab, and U.S. Space Shuttle missions, while Version 2 identifies over 100 experiments performed specifically within a Soviet spacecraft including sounding rocket, Soyuz, Salyut, and Mir missions.

Winter, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Magnetically Actuated Propellant Orientation Experiment, Controlling Fluid Motion With Magnetic Fields in a Low-Gravity Environment

This report details the results of a series of fluid motion experiments to investigate the use of magnets to orient fluids in a low-gravity environment. The fluid of interest for this project was liquid oxygen (LO2) since it exhibits a paramagnetic behavior (is attracted to magnetic fields). However, due to safety and handling concerns, a water-based ferromagnetic mixture (produced by Ferrofluidics Corporation) was selected to simplify procedures. Three ferromagnetic fluid mixture strengths and a nonmagnetic water baseline were tested using three different initial fluid positions with respect to the magnet. Experiment accelerometer data were used with a modified computational fluid dynamics code termed CFX-4 (by AEA Technologies) to predict fluid motion. These predictions compared favorably with experiment video data, verifying the code's ability to predict fluid motion with and without magnetic influences. Additional predictions were generated for LO2 with the same test conditions and geometries used in the testing. Test hardware consisted of a cylindrical Plexiglas tank (6-in. bore with 10-in. length), a 6,000-G rare Earth magnet (10-in. ring), three-axis accelerometer package, and a video recorder system. All tests were conducted aboard the NASA Reduced-Gravity Workshop, a KC-135A aircraft.

Martin, J. J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Construction and Commissioning of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detectors in Advanced Assembly Design for Low-Energy Applications at High Rates and Analysis of GEM Data From the Muse Experiment at PSI

The search beyond the Standard Model explores dark matter and a potential fifth force. DarkLight@ARIEL investigates the dark photon as a mediator between ordinary and dark matter. The experiment aims to measure the process e?Ta ? e?TaX ? e?Ta(e?e+), by detecting a charged lepton pair in the final state. The spectrometers will be instrumented with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors with minimal material budget for tracking. A novel GEM construction technique is employed for fabricating 25 cm x 40 cm GEM detectors, where all layers are mechanically stretched and assembled within a double frame. The dissertation outlines physics motivation, methods, experimental setup, and the role of GEM detectors in DarkLight. A comprehensive discussion on GEM detectors, focusing on the "NS2" technique, including design, parts, assembly, testing, and performance evaluation will be discussed. The proton has garnered attention due to discrepancies in measuring its charge radius using muonic hydrogen and electron-based methods. The 2010 muonic hydrogen measurement of the proton charge radius Rp = 0.84184(67) fm, showed a significant 7? discrepancy compared to the previously known value of Rp = 0.8775(51) fm, giving rise to the proton radius puzzle. Through simultaneous measurements of e ? p and ? ? p elastic scattering, MUSE facilitates a precise and direct comparison of the proton radius. The physics background of the proton radius puzzle, measurement techniques, the approach adopted by the MUSE experiment, its significance and the experimental setup will be discussed. Furthermore, the role of GEM detectors, along with an in-depth analysis of their data and efficiency will be discussed and evaluated.

Mohammed Prem Nazeer, Sahara↗
DOE OSTI2022

Why Lady Godiva Should be Replaced as the Default Validation Experiment for U-235 Nuclear Data

For the past seven decades the Lady Godiva benchmark (HEU-MET-FAST-001) has been the primary experiment used for 235 U nuclear data validation. The papers associated with large nuclear data library releases such as ENDF/B-VII.1 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 refer to it frequently. The reasons why HEU-MET-FAST-001 has been used as the primary validation experiment for 235 U nuclear data validation will be discussed in the following section. However, as discussed among the benchmark community, the standards associated with International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) evaluations have changed throughout time; this is subject of the OECD/NEA WPEC (Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety) Subgroup 8. HEU-MET-FAST-001 is an older benchmark (issued during the inaugural year of ICSBEP in 1996 with only minor revisions occurring since then) and (along with many of the other benchmarks from this era) does not meet the standards for a modern benchmark. This work explores why HEU-MET-FAST-001 is useful for 235 U nuclear data validation and discusses other alternative validation experiments.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

In situ compression artifact removal in scientific data using deep transfer learning and experience replay

The massive amount of data produced during simulation on high-performance computers has grown exponentially over the past decade, exacerbating the need for streaming compression and decompression methods for efficient storage and transfer of this data---key to realizing the full potential of large-scale computational science. Lossy compression approaches such as JPEG when applied to scientific simulation data realized as a stream of images can achieve good compression rates but at the cost of introducing compression artifacts and loss of information. This paper develops a unified framework for in situ compression artifact removal in which the fully convolutional neural network architectures are combined with scalable training, transfer learning, and experience replay to achieve superior accuracy and efficiency while significantly decreasing the storage footprint as compared with the traditional optimization-based approaches. We demonstrate the proposed approach and compare it with compressed sensing postprocessing and other baseline deep learning models using climate simulations and nuclear reactor simulations, both of which are driven by hyperbolic partial differential equations. Our approach when applied to remove the compression artifacts on the JPEG-compressed nuclear reactor simulation data (using a transfer-trained model that was pretrained on the climate simulation data and updated incrementally as the nuclear reactor simulation progressed), achieved a significant improvement---mean peak signal-to-noise ratio of 42.438 as compared with 27.725 obtained with the compressed sensing approach.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1994

Data assimilation and model evaluation experiment datasets

The Institute for Naval Oceanography, in cooperation with Naval Research Laboratories and universities, executed the Data Assimilation and Model Evaluation Experiment (DAMEE) for the Gulf Stream region during fiscal years 1991-1993. Enormous effort has gone into the preparation of several high-quality and consistent datasets for model initialization and verification. This paper describes the preparation process, the temporal and spatial scopes, the contents, the structure, etc., of these datasets. The goal of DAMEE and the need of data for the four phases of experiment are briefly stated. The preparation of DAMEE datasets consisted of a series of processes: (1) collection of observational data; (2) analysis and interpretation; (3) interpolation using the Optimum Thermal Interpolation System package; (4) quality control and re-analysis; and (5) data archiving and software documentation. The data products from these processes included a time series of 3D fields of temperature and salinity, 2D fields of surface dynamic height and mixed-layer depth, analysis of the Gulf Stream and rings system, and bathythermograph profiles. To date, these are the most detailed and high-quality data for mesoscale ocean modeling, data assimilation, and forecasting research. Feedback from ocean modeling groups who tested this data was incorporated into its refinement. Suggestions for DAMEE data usages include (1) ocean modeling and data assimilation studies, (2) diagnosis and theoretical studies, and (3) comparisons with locally detailed observations.

Lai, Chung-Cheng A.↗
NASA NTRS2013

MISSE 6 Stressed Polymers Experiment Atomic Oxygen Erosion Data

Polymers and other oxidizable materials used on the exterior of spacecraft in the low Earth orbit (LEO) space environment can be eroded away by reaction with atomic oxygen (AO). For spacecraft design, it is important to know the LEO AO erosion yield, Ey (volume loss per incident oxygen atom), of materials susceptible to AO erosion. The Stressed Polymers Experiment was developed and flown as part of the Materials International Space Station Experiment 6 (MISSE 6) to compare the AO erosion yields of stressed and non-stressed polymers to determine if erosion is dependent upon stress while in LEO. The experiment contained 36 thin film polymer samples that were exposed to ram AO for 1.45 years. This paper provides an overview of the Stressed Polymers Experiment with details on the polymers flown, the characterization techniques used, the AO fluence, and the erosion yield results. The MISSE 6 data are compared to data for similar samples flown on previous MISSE missions to determine fluence or solar radiation effects on erosion yield.

deGroh, Kim K.↗
NASA NTRS1999

The NOAA-9 Earth Radiation Budget Experiment Wide Field-of-View Data Set

The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) consisted of wide field-of-view (WFOV) radiometers and scanning radiometers for measuring outgoing longwave radiation and solar radiation reflected from the Earth. These instruments were carried by the dedicated Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and by the NOAA-9 and -10 operational spacecraft. The WFOV radiometers provided data from which instantaneous fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) are computed by use of a numerical filter algorithm. Monthly mean fluxes over a 5-degree equal angle grid are computed from the instantaneous TOA fluxes. The WFOV radiometers aboard the NOAA-9 spacecraft operated from February 1985 through December 1992, at which time a failure of the shortwave radiometer ended the usable data after nearly 8 years. This paper examines the monthly mean products from that data set.

Bush, Kathryn A.↗
DOE OSTI2023

“Translational Opportunities in CPS Transportation”

This talk will describe opportunities for translating research from open-road experiments with modified adaptive cruise controllers. The data and controllers used for the previous research are based on use cases and example drives from within the US. We explore processes, data sharing, experiments, and other techniques that we think will drive trans-Pacific partnerships with driving data.

Sprinkle, Jonathan↗
NASA NTRS1987

Forecast experiments with the NASA/GLA stratospheric/tropospheric data assimilation system

For the first time, a four-dimensional stratospheric/tropospheric data assimilation system with a top analysis level at 0.4 mb has been developed and used to produce physically consistent gridded analyses for the stratosphere as well as the troposphere for a period during the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) and Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) (November 1978-May 1979). The system consists of a two-dimensional optimum interpolation analysis with 18 mandatory pressure levels and a 19-level fourth order stratospheric/tropospheric general circulation model with a horizontal resolution of 4 (latitude) by 5 deg (longitude) and a top at 0.3 mb. The system allows the utilization of stratospheric data including LIMS, Tiros-N retrievals, rocketsondes and vertical temperature profile radiometer soundings in addition to the other FGGE level 2b data. These data are analyzed every six hours. In order to examine the quality of the analyzed data, forecast experiments starting from different analyses are performed for the period of the stratospheric sudden warming of late February 1979. The results indicate that by employing the present four-dimensional assimilation approach, the medium-range forecast skill for this event is improved.

Takano, Kenji↗
NASA NTRS1993

Changes in compensatory eye movements associated with simulated stimulus conditions of spaceflight

Compensatory vertical eye movement gain (CVEMG) was recorded during pitch oscillation in darkness before, during, and immediately after exposures to the stimulus rearrangement produced by the Preflight Adaptation Trainer (PAT) Tilt-Translation Device (TTD). The TTD is designed to elicit adaptive responses that are similar to those observed in microgravity-adapted astronauts. The data from Experiment 1 yielded a statistically significant CVEMG decrease following 15 min of exposure to a stimulus rearrangement condition where the phase angle between subject pitch tilt and visual scene translation was 270 deg; statistically significant gain decreases were not observed following exposures either to a condition where the phase angle between subject pitch and scene translation was 90 deg or to a no-stimulus-rearrangement condition. Experiment 2 replicated the 270-deg-phase condition from Experiment 1 and extended the exposure duration from 30 to 45 min. Statistically significant additional changes in CVEMG associated with the increased exposure duration were not observed. The adaptation time constant estimated fram the combined data from Experiments 1 and 2 was 29 min.

Harm, Deborah L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Changes in Compensatory Eye Movements Associated with Simulated Stimulus Conditions of Spaceflight

Compensatory vertical eye movement gain (CVEMG) was recorded during pitch oscillation in darkness before, during and immediately after exposures to the stimulus rearrangement produced by the Preflight Adaptation Trainer (PAT) Tilt-Translation Device (TTD). The TTD is designed to elicit adaptive responses that are similar to those observed in microgravity-adapted astronauts. The data from Experiment 1 yielded a statistically significant CVEMG decrease following 15 minutes of exposure to a stimulus rearrangement condition where the phase angle between subject pitch tilt and visual scene translation was 270 degrees; statistically significant gain decreases were not observed following exposures either to a condition where the phase angle between subject pitch and scene translation was 90 degrees or to a no-stimulus-rearrangement condition. Experiment 2 replicated the 270 degree phase condition from Experiment 1 and extended the exposure duration from 30 to 45 minutes. Statistically significant additional changes in CVEMG associated with the increased exposure duration were not observed. The adaptation time constant estimated from the combined data from Experiments 1 and 2 was 29 minutes.

Harm, Deborah L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Supporting flight data analysis for Space Shuttle Orbiter experiments at NASA Ames Research Center

The space shuttle orbiter experiments program is responsible for collecting flight data to extend the research and technology base for future aerospace vehicle design. The infrared imagery of shuttle (IRIS), catalytic surface effects, and tile gap heating experiments sponsored by Ames Research Center are part of this program. The software required to process the flight data which support these experiments is described. In addition, data analysis techniques, developed in support of the IRIS experiment, are discussed. Using the flight data base, the techniques provide information useful in analyzing and correcting problems with the experiment, and in interpreting the IRIS image obtained during the entry of the third shuttle mission.

Green, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Observation of pressure ridges in SAR images of sea ice: Scattering theory and comparison with observations

Ridges and keels (hummocks and bummocks) in sea ice flows are important in sea ice research for both scientific and practical reasons. Sea ice movement and deformation is driven by internal and external stresses on the ice. Ridges and keels play important roles in both cases because they determine the external wind and current stresses via drag coefficients. For example, the drag coefficient over sea ice can vary by a factor of several depending on the fluid mechanical roughness length of the surface. This roughness length is thought to be strongly dependent on the ridge structures present. Thus, variations in ridge and keel structure can cause gradients in external stresses which must be balanced by internal stresses and possibly fracture of the ice. Ridging in sea ice is also a sign of fracture. In a practical sense, large ridges form the biggest impediment to surface travel over the ice or penetration through sea ice by ice-strengthened ships. Ridges also play an important role in the damage caused by sea ice to off-shore structures. Hence, observation and measurement of sea ice ridges is an important component of sea ice remote sensing. The research reported here builds on previous work, estimating the characteristics of ridges and leads in sea ice from SAR images. Our objective is to develop methods for quantitative measurement of sea ice ridges from SAR images. To make further progress, in particular, to estimate ridge height, a scattering model for ridges is needed. Our research approach for a ridge scattering model begins with a survey of the geometrical properties of ridges and a comparison with the characteristics of the surrounding ice. For this purpose we have used airborne optical laser (AOL) data collected during the 1987 Greenland Sea Experiment. These data were used to generate a spatial wavenumber spectrum for height variance for a typical ridge - the typical ridge is the average over 10 large ridges. Our first-order model radar scattering includes both the quasi-specular and Bragg resonant scatter mechanisms. This model is extended to include contributions from volume scatter and scatter from discrete objects. Geometrical characteristics from the AOL survey and model calculations imply that for radar wavelengths and observation geometries that are dominated by the quasi-specular scattering mechanism radar backscatter from a ridge is a measure of peak ridge height. We present scattering model results and compare them with ridges observed during the LEADEX experiment of March-April 1992 when both X, C, and L-band aircraft SAR and the ERS-1 satellite SAR observed a region in the Beaufort Sea near 86 deg N, 10 deg W. Data were also collected documenting ridge characteristics on the surface. The surface data are used to generate a SAR signature via the scattering model described above. The predicted SAR signatures compare well with the SAR observations.

Vesecky, J. F.↗