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DOE OSTI2017

ARPA-E: Actively Managing Projects to Accelerate Impact

The ARPA-E model is unique in that the agency does not just provide teams funding. Throughout the lifetime of an ARPA-E award, ARPA-E Program Directors and Tech-to-Market Advisors also provide teams with expert advice through quarterly reviews and onsite visits. This hands-on approach helps ensure teams can meet ambitious milestones, target and tackle problems early on, and advance their technologies towards commercialization. Program Director Dr. Isik Kizilyalli explains the importance of this active project management approach in helping teams identify and overcome barriers. In this video, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) from the GRIDS program and Monolith Semiconductors from the SWITCHES program discuss how ARPA-E’s active project management approach helped them find solutions to technical challenges.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2017

Field induced heliconical structure of cholesteric liquid crystal

A diffraction grating comprises a liquid crystal (LC) cell configured to apply an electric field through a cholesteric LC material that induces the cholesteric LC material into a heliconical state with an oblique helicoid director. The applied electric field produces diffracted light from the cholesteric LC material within the visible, infrared or ultraviolet. The axis of the heliconical state is in the plane of the liquid crystal cell or perpendicular to the plane, depending on the application. A color tuning device operates with a similar heliconical state liquid crystal material but with the heliconical director axis oriented perpendicular to the plane of the cell. A power generator varies the strength of the applied electric field to adjust the wavelength of light reflected from the cholesteric liquid crystal material within the visible, infrared or ultraviolet.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2018

Advancing Energy Analysis through High Performance Computing at NREL

Robert Leland, Associate Laboratory Director of Scientific Computing and Energy Analysis at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), has formed a new directorate designed to increase synergy between our High Performance Computing and Energy Analysis capabilities and thereby enable more comprehensive and detailed analyses than previously possible. This presentation will describe our approach and experience to date, review the underlying capabilities, and give a few examples of current applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2019

It Starts with a Plan: How to Embed Inclusive Diversity into the Fabric of your Organization

Organizations want to be more diverse, but that doesn’t happen with a snap of the fingers. It’s a strategic process. It takes time to lay the foundation and gradually build momentum. For several years at Idaho National Laboratory (INL), a Department of Energy national laboratory headquartered in Idaho Falls, Idaho, numbers of underrepresented employees had remained stagnate despite efforts to increase inclusive diversity. But things began to change in October 2015 when Dr. Mark Peters became INL’s director. Culture changes like increasing diversity and inclusion in an organization take time, but Dr. Peters didn’t want to wait. He wanted to do it faster and better than ever before. Dr. Peters recognized the value an inclusive workforce brings to organizations, and particularly in scientific research and development, it’s not something just to aspire to, it’s a necessity. Research shows that workplaces with high inclusion and diversity elements perform better. A 2013 Deloitte University study of 10 industries with over 3,000 respondents of different ages, genders, races/ethnicities and orientations found inclusion not only drives business performance and market share, but also increases individual performance. People do their best work when they’re able to be their best selves; when they are celebrated, not simply tolerated. In the past, the laboratory had valued diversity, but only in recent years has the organization moved from having an affinity with diversity to incorporating strategic inclusive diversity into fundamental laboratory goals. Why the change? When Toni L. Coleman Carter became INL’s Inclusion and Diversity strategy director in October 2016, her first task was to review INL’s demographic data and to create an Inclusion and Diversity (I/D) strategy. From this process, she created a comprehensive I/D strategy aligned to our Laboratory Plan and Agenda (business strategy) and embedded it into our People Strategy. The I/D primary focus is to widen our talent circle and develop employees by fostering an inclusive environment where everyone can develop, grow and maximize their potential. Our enhanced I/D strategy is embedded in everything we do, including requisitions and job postings. Here for instance we’ve added language to our job postings to include “Women and People of Color are strongly encouraged to apply.” In working through the strategy elements, four keys for success emerged: 1) Get executives on board. Convert executives from lukewarm supporters to visible advocates. 2) Reinforce inclusion with targeted internal and external branding. 3) Change the way you think about recruiting. Everyone at your company can be a brand ambassador and recruiter. 4) Communicate, communicate, communicate. Use communications to educate employees about inclusion and get everyone on the same page. 5) Measure everything. Use transparent demographics and intentional action.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Toward a New Light: ALS Upgrade Project Moves Forward

This video highlights the next step toward realization of an upgrade at Berkeley Lab's scientific centerpiece, the Advanced Light Source. This 2-minute video provides a historical context of pioneering discoveries and innovations in accelerator science that have been a Berkeley Lab hallmark since its inception. The video also details the technology that will transform the ALS –producing beams of light 100 times brighter than today that also have a more ordered ("coherent") structure, like regularly spaced ripples in a pond – and the science that this upgrade will enable. The video features interviews with: Michael Witherell, Berkeley Lab Director David Robin, ALS Upgrade (ALS-U) Project Director Elke Arenholz, Senior Staff Scientist, ALS (Video Credit: Marilyn Chung/Berkeley Lab)

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Current Status of the Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return Program

In 1999, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), together with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Russian Federation, agreed to start a new nuclear non-proliferation initiative to return Russian/Soviet-origin highly enriched uranium (HEU) back to its country of origin. Trilateral discussions among the U.S., the Russian Federation, and the IAEA identified more than 20 research reactors in 16 countries (Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, DPRK, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Libya, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam) that had Russian/Soviet-origin HEU. In 2000, the IAEA Director General sent a letter to 16 countries asking for their willingness to return this spent HEU fuel to the Russian Federation. Fourteen countries responded positively to the Director General’s letter. The primary goal of the Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return (RRRFR) program, managed by DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Material Management and Minimization, is to advance nuclear nonproliferation objectives by encouraging eligible countries to convert their research reactors from HEU to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel and to eliminate stockpiles of HEU. In May 2004, the United States and the Russian Federation signed a Government-to-Government Agreement that established the legal framework necessary for cooperation between the United States and the Russian Federation for the return of research/test reactor fuel from eligible countries. To date, the RRRFR program has completed sixty-three successful operations to repatriate almost 2,300 kg of Russian-origin HEU fresh and spent fuel. All Russian-origin HEU has been completely removed from 12 countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Georgia, Latvia, Libya, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. At the present time Russian-origin HEU remains in Kazakhstan, Belarus, Germany, DPRK, and China. This paper describes the current status of the RRRFR program and preparations for upcoming HEU removal and down-blending activities.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Emulation automation and model checking

A method of automating emulations is provided. The method comprising collecting publicly available network data over a predefined time interval, wherein the collected network data might comprise structured and unstructured data. Any unstructured data is converted into structured data. The original and converted structured data is stored in a database and compared to known network vulnerabilities. An emulated network is created according to the collected network data and the comparison of the structured data with known vulnerabilities. Virtual machines are created to run on the emulated network. Director programs and guest actor programs are run on the virtual machines, wherein the actor programs imitate real user behavior on the emulated network. The director programs deliver task commands to the guest actor programs to imitate real user behavior. The imitated behavior is presented to a user via an interface.

Urias, Vincent↗

DOE OSTI2013

Radioactive Waste Management and Nuclear Facility Decommissioning Progress in Iraq - 13216

Management of Iraq's radioactive wastes and decommissioning of Iraq's former nuclear facilities are the responsibility of Iraq's Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST). The majority of Iraq's former nuclear facilities are in the Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center located a few kilometers from the edge of Baghdad. These facilities include bombed and partially destroyed research reactors, a fuel fabrication facility and radioisotope production facilities. Within these facilities are large numbers of silos, approximately 30 process or waste storage tanks and thousands of drums of uncharacterised radioactive waste. There are also former nuclear facilities/sites that are outside of Al-Tuwaitha and these include the former uranium processing and waste storage facility at Jesira, the dump site near Adaya, the former centrifuge facility at Rashdiya and the former enrichment plant at Tarmiya. In 2005, Iraq lacked the infrastructure needed to decommission its nuclear facilities and manage its radioactive wastes. The lack of infrastructure included: (1) the lack of an organization responsible for decommissioning and radioactive waste management, (2) the lack of a storage facility for radioactive wastes, (3) the lack of professionals with experience in decommissioning and modern waste management practices, (4) the lack of laws and regulations governing decommissioning or radioactive waste management, (5) ongoing security concerns, and (6) limited availability of electricity and internet. Since its creation eight years ago, the MoST has worked with the international community and developed an organizational structure, trained staff, and made great progress in managing radioactive wastes and decommissioning Iraq's former nuclear facilities. This progress has been made, despite the very difficult implementing conditions in Iraq. Within MoST, the Radioactive Waste Treatment and Management Directorate (RWTMD) is responsible for waste management and the Iraqi Decommissioning Directorate (IDD) is responsible for decommissioning activities. The IDD and the RWTMD work together on decommissioning projects. The IDD has developed plans and has completed decommissioning of the GeoPilot Facility in Baghdad and the Active Metallurgical Testing Laboratory (LAMA) in Al-Tuwaitha. Given this experience, the IDD has initiated work on more dangerous facilities. Plans are being developed to characterize, decontaminate and decommission the Tamuz II Research Reactor. The Tammuz Reactor was destroyed by an Israeli air-strike in 1981 and the Tammuz II Reactor was destroyed during the First Gulf War in 1991. In addition to being responsible for managing the decommissioning wastes, the RWTMD is responsible for more than 950 disused sealed radioactive sources, contaminated debris from the first Gulf War and (approximately 900 tons) of naturally-occurring radioactive materials wastes from oil production in Iraq. The RWTMD has trained staff, rehabilitated the Building 39 Radioactive Waste Storage building, rehabilitated portions of the French-built Radioactive Waste Treatment Station, organized and secured thousands of drums of radioactive waste organized and secured the stores of disused sealed radioactive sources. Currently, the IDD and the RWTMD are finalizing plans for the decommissioning of the Tammuz II Research Reactor. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2015

EURATOM safeguards efforts in the development of spent fuel verification methods by non-destructive assay

The back end of the nuclear fuel cycle continues to develop. The European Commission, particularly the Nuclear Safeguards Directorate of the Directorate General for Energy, implements Euratom safeguards and needs to adapt to this situation. The verification methods for spent nuclear fuel, which EURATOM inspectors can use, require continuous improvement. Whereas the Euratom on-site laboratories provide accurate verification results for fuel undergoing reprocessing, the situation is different for spent fuel which is destined for final storage. In particular, new needs arise from the increasing number of cask loadings for interim dry storage and the advanced plans for the construction of encapsulation plants and geological repositories. Various scenarios present verification challenges. In this context, EURATOM Safeguards, often in cooperation with other stakeholders, is committed to further improvement of NDA methods for spent fuel verification. In this effort EURATOM plays various roles, ranging from definition of inspection needs to direct participation in development of measurement systems, including support of research in the framework of international agreements and via the EC Support Program to the IAEA. This paper presents recent progress in selected NDA methods. These methods have been conceived to satisfy different spent fuel verification needs, ranging from attribute testing to pin-level partial defect verification. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2024

2024 JISEA Annual Meeting: Session 1

This is the presentation for the 2024 JISEA Annual Meeting Session 1: Hard-to-Decarbonize Industries, which took place on February 26, 2024. The presentation includes slides from Chad Reese, Environmental Affairs Manager at the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority, on sustainability efforts at the San Diego International Airport; Jordan Lambert, Director of Ag Innovation at Colorado State University, on agricultural decarbonization; Ana Aday, Materials Science Researcher at NREL, on decarbonizing the cement and concrete industry; and Rolf Weberg, Director of the Natural Resource Research Institute at the University of Minnesota Duluth, on integrated industrial decarbonization.

agriculture decarbonization↗

DOE OSTI2016

Formulation and numerical analysis of a fully-coupled dynamically deforming electromagnetic wire

Here, an electromagnetic beam model is developed for the simulation of actuated electronic textiles. The beam is solved using a nonlinear director-based kinematic description with additional temperature and electric potential fields along its length. The three fields are fully coupled by mutual dependences on the deformation, Lorenz force, back electromotive force, temperature dependent constitutive responses, and the Seebeck effect. Instead of solving Maxwell's equations in full detail, a quasistatic approximation is used to solve the electric potential in the presence of a moving material medium. The current-carrying beam approximation is used to further simplify the solution space for the potential. While this formulation alleviates the spatial and temporal discretization restrictions, the coupled problem is an index-1 semi-explicit Differential Algebraic Equation requiring special treatment. The time dependent problem is solved using different Runge-Kutta methods. Diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta methods and explicit Runge-Kutta methods using implicit solution of the electric potential problem are explored. The finite element model is implemented using the open source package FEniCS, which is able to automatically generate the linearizations of the multiphysics equations required for the implicit solutions. A model problem is constructed with which to test and analyze the physical formulation and numerical solution techniques. The time stepping methods are verified using the convergence orders of the higher-order Runge-Kutta methods. Runtime comparisons show that the explicit methods are generally more computationally efficient than the implicit schemes used for this problem. For the implicit schemes, a staggered solution is significantly faster than a monolithic solution at most time step sizes. However, at very large time steps, such as those that would be used for dynamic relaxation, the monolithic solution can be more efficient than the staggered solution.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2019

Physical Sciences Vistas: Perspective on Excellence in Mission Operations at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Spring 2019

This is the second issue of Physical Sciences Vistas, with a focus on “excellence in mission operations.” Los Alamos National Laboratory overall, and our Physical Sciences Directorate (ALDPS) specifcally, is known for excellence in our NNSA and DOE missions as well as our science and technology.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Physical Sciences Vistas: Perspectives on Excellence in Mission-Focused Science, Technology, and Engineering at Los Alamos Laboratory (Issue 1, 2020)

This is the first 2020 issue of Physical Sciences Vistas, with a focus on “excellence in mission-focused science, technology, and engineering.” Excellence in mission-focused ST&E comprises one of the four elements of the Laboratory Agenda, focusing on sustaining and enhancing LANL’s science base. This issue highlights the diverse efforts of personnel in our Physical Sciences Directorate (ALDPS) to enhance science, technology, and engineering at the Laboratory. As we reflect on work at the Laboratory, mostly from our homes due to COVID-19, it is gratifying to see the important, diverse contributions to ST&E across ALDPS.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Emergency Management of Tomorrow Research – Task 3B Research and Development Community Awareness: Eliciting Emergency Management Stakeholder Input

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) is partnering with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to execute the Emergency Management (EM) of Tomorrow Research (EMOTR) program to identify current EM research, elicit capability needs from EM practitioners, and identify where technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI), may benefit the future of EM and emergency operations centers. This report details the methodology, analysis, and insights of interviews and focus groups conducted as part of the task to elicit stakeholder input.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Emergency Management of Tomorrow Research: Emergency Operations Center of the Future Tabletop Exercise Nashua, NH Tabletop Exercise

As part of the Emergency Management (EM) of Tomorrow Research (EMOTR) program, sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) developed concepts for the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) of the Future to provide recommendations to assist DHS S&T in future decision-making with regards to research and development (R&D) and investments toward establishing a framework for a national, coordinated approach to EM. PNNL is conducting tabletop exercises (TTXs) designed to assess the impacts and benefits of emerging technologies on EM organizations.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Emergency Management of Tomorrow Research: Emergency Operations Center of the Future Seattle, WA Tabletop Exercise

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Emergency Management of Tomorrow Research: Emergency Operations Center of the Future Madison, WI Tabletop Exercise

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

NASA NTRS2016

Resource Prospector: An Update on the Lunar Volatiles Prospecting and ISRU Demonstration Mission

Over the last two decades a wealth of new observations of the moon have demonstrated a lunar water system dramatically more complex and rich than was deduced following the Apollo era. Lunar water, and other volatiles, have the potential to be a valuable or enabling resource for future exploration. The NASA Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) have selected a lunar volatiles prospecting mission for a concept study and potential flight in CY2021. The mission includes a rover-borne payload that (1) can locate surface and near-subsurface volatiles, (2) excavate and analyze samples of the volatile-bearing regolith, and (3) demonstrate the form, extractability and usefulness of the materials.

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directora↗