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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

ORNL-GM: Development of Ionic Liquid-Additized, GF-5/6 Compatible Low-Viscosity Oils for Automotive Engine and Rear Axle Lubrication for 4% Improved Fuel Economy

The overall objective of this project are as follows: Further develop ionic liquid (IL)-additized lowviscosity engine oils meeting the GF-5/6 specifications and possessing superior lubricating characteristics; Expand the IL additive technology to rear axle lubricants; and Seek a combined improvement in the vehicle fuel economy

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Managing Zirconium Chemistry and Phase Compatibility in Combined Process Separations for Minor Actinide Partitioning

In response to the NEUP Program Supporting Fuel Cycle R&D Separations and Waste Forms call DEFOA- 0000799, this report describes the results of an R&D project focusing on streamlining separation processes for advanced fuel cycles. An example of such a process relevant to the U.S. DOE FCR&D program would be one combining the functions of the TRUEX process for partitioning of lanthanides and minor actinides from PUREX(UREX) raffinates with that of the TALSPEAK process for separating transplutonium actinides from fission product lanthanides. A fully-developed PUREX(UREX)/TRUEX/TALSPEAK suite would generate actinides as product(s) for reuse (or transmutation) and fission products as waste. As standalone, consecutive unit-operations, TRUEX and TALSPEAK employ different extractant solutions (solvating (CMPO, octyl(phenyl)-N,Ndiisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide) vs. cation exchanging (HDEHP, di-2(ethyl)hexylphosphoric acid) extractants), and distinct aqueous phases (2-4 M HNO 3 vs. concentrated pH 3.5 carboxylic acid buffers containing actinide selective chelating agents). The separate processes may also operate with different phase transfer kinetic constraints. Experience teaches (and it has been demonstrated at the lab scale) that, with proper control, multiple process separation systems can operate successfully. However, it is also recognized that considerable economies of scale could be achieved if multiple operations could be merged into a single process based on a combined extractant solvent. The task of accountability of nuclear materials through the process(es) also becomes more robust with fewer steps, providing that the processes can be accurately modeled. Work is underway in the U.S. and Europe on developing several new options for combined processes (TRUSPEAK, ALSEP, SANEX, GANEX, ExAm are examples). There are unique challenges associated with the operation of such processes, some relating to organic phase chemistry, others arising from the variable composition of the aqueous medium. This project targets in particular two problematic issues in designing combined process systems: managing the chemistry of challenging aqueous species (like Zr 4+ ) and optimizing the composition and properties of combined extractant organic phases.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Development of Long-Pulse Heating and Current Drive Actuators and Operational Techniques Compatible with a High-Z Divertor and First Wall

Accurate measurement of the edge electron density profile is essential to optimizing antenna coupling and assessment of impurity contamination in studying long-pulse plasma heating and current drive in fusion devices. Measurement of the edge density profile has been demonstrated on the US fusion devices such as C-Mod, DIII-D, and TFTR amongst many devices, and has been used for RF loading and impurity modeling calculations for many years. University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) has recently installed a density profile reflectometer system on the EAST fusion device at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in China based on the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)-designed reflectometer system on the DIII-D fusion device at General Atomics Company in San Diego, California. UCLA has been working with USTC to optimize the existing microwave antenna, waveguide system, microwave electronics, and data analysis to produce reliable edge density profiles. During the past budget year, progress has been made in all three major areas: effort to achieve reliable system operations under various EAST operational conditions, effort to optimize system performance, and effort to provide quality density profiles into EAST’s database routinely.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

High-Density Signal Interface Electromagnetic Radiation Prediction for Electromagnetic Compatibility Evaluation

Radiated power calculation approaches for practical scenarios of incomplete high- density interface characterization information and incomplete incident power information are presented. The suggested approaches build upon a method that characterizes power losses through the definition of power loss constant matrices. Potential radiated power estimates include using total power loss information, partial radiated power loss information, worst case analysis, and statistical bounding analysis. A method is also proposed to calculate radiated power when incident power information is not fully known for non-periodic signals at the interface. Incident data signals are modeled from a two-state Markov chain where bit state probabilities are derived. The total spectrum for windowed signals is postulated as the superposition of spectra from individual pulses in a data sequence. Statistical bounding methods are proposed as a basis for the radiated power calculation due to the statistical calculation complexity to find a radiated power probability density function.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Material Compatibility Evaluation for DWPF Nitric-Glycolic Acid - Literature Review

Glycolic acid is being evaluated as an alternative for formic and nitric acid in the DWPF flowsheet. Demonstration testing and modeling for this new flowsheet has shown that glycolic acid and glycolate has a potential to remain in certain streams generated during the production of the nuclear waste glass. A literature review was conducted to assess the impact of glycolic acid on the corrosion of the materials of construction for the DWPF facility as well as facilities downstream which may have residual glycolic acid and glycolates present. The literature data was limited to solutions containing principally glycolic acid. The reported corrosion rates and degradation characteristics have shown the following for the materials of construction.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Development of long-pulse heating & current drive actuators & operational techniques compatible with a high-Z divertor & first wall

This was a collaboration between UCSD and MIT to study the effective application of ion-cyclotron heating (ICRH) on the EAST tokamak, located in China. The original goal was for UCSD to develop a diagnostic that would allow measurement of the steady state, or DC, convection pattern that develops on magnetic field lines that attach or connect to the ICRH antenna. This diagnostic would then be used to develop techniques and approaches that minimize or even eliminate such DC convection during application of strong ICRH heating. This was thought to then indicate reduction or elimination of parasitic losses of heating power, and thus be an indicator of effective RF heating. The original plan to use high speed digital gas-puff imaging (GPI) of the antenna-edge plasma region in EAST was ultimately unsuccessful due to limitations in machine and camera operations. We then decided to attempt the same experiment on the ALCATOR C-MOD tokamak at MIT which had a similar instrument already installed. This effort was ultimately successful, and demonstrated that the underlying idea of using GPI as a diagnostic for ICRH antenna physics would, in fact, work. The two-dimensional velocity fields of the turbulent structures, which are advected by RF-induced E x B flows, are obtained via the time-delay estimation (TDE) techniques. Both the magnitude and radial extension of the radial electric field E-r were observed to increase with the toroidal magnetic field strength B and the ICRF power. The TDE estimations of RF-induced plasma potentials are consistent with previous results based on the probe measurements of poloidal phase velocity. The results suggest that effective ICRH heating with reduced impurity production is possible when the antenna/box system is designed so as to reduce the RF-induced image currents that flow in the grounded conducting antenna frame elements that surround the RF antenna current straps.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

MR-Compatible Surgical Instruments Final Report CRADA No. TSB-0847-94

ITI is a California-based company formed in February 1994 to design, manufacture and market premium quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical devices and instruments. These products are for use in existing MR irnagers, as well as for emerging applications in reaI-tirne MRI-guided surgery and interventional radiology. Such application require products that are MR biocompatible and in many cases MR visible. In an era of managed health care, purchasing decisions by hospitals, medical centers and insurers emphasize cost-effectiveness. Since minimally invasive therapy reduces surgical costs, shortens hospital stay and post-operative rehabilitation, this segment of the health care industry is expected to grow rapidly. Many experts believe that high-speed MRI-guided therapy offers the best opportunity to maximize the benefits of minimally invasive procedures because MIH enables the clearest differentiation of normal from abnormal tissues. Manufacturers of conventional imagers, including General Electric, Siemens, and Philips, have aleady made substantial investments aid produced prototype high-speed MRI.imagers to permit continuous real-time visualization of tissues during surgical and endovascular procedures. According to forecasts published by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (1993) and the Medical and Healthcare Marketplace Guide (1992), the average world~wide growth rate of MN installations is expected to be about 7% annually for the next three years, increasing 12-15% annually thereafter as developing countries buy increasing numbers of MM units. The same forecasters project 17,000- 20,000 MRI irnagers world-wide by the year 2000, with a throughput of 2,300-6,000 patients per machine per year, at an.average examination cost.of $560-780-per-patient.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Final Technical Report: Development of long-pulse heating and current drive actuators and operational techniques compatible with a high-Z divertor and first wall

During the 4 years of funding we made significant progress on how heat flux width scales with changes in drifts and transport using SOLPS-ITER. We were able to show that while the 0D heuristic drift model is a good fit in certain scenarios, it does not capture the physics fully and changes in radial transport need to be incorporated when this model is expanded to 2D. We were able to show through SOLPS5.0 simulations that while neutral fueling plays a dominant role in setting the SOL density profile, an inward pinch needs to be included when we compare the time-dependent changes from the simulations with experiments on JET.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Critical knowledge gaps for compatibility of polymers with super-critical CO 2 for power generation systems

The purpose of this memo is to highlight the findings of an extensive literature survey and interviews with experts on the behavior of polymers in super-critical CO2 energy conversion systems that demonstrate foremost that there are critical knowledge gaps in this area that need to be addressed to improve design, reliability and lifetimes of system components. There are two brief discussions presented here: 1. SCO2 effects in polymers and associated mechanisms of failure, and 2. Summary of knowledge gaps identified in polymer/SCO2 interactions and science-based R&D to address the same.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Compatibility of polymers in super-critical carbon dioxide for power generation systems: High level findings for low temperatures and pressure conditions

Polymers such as PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene or Teflon), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), EPDM (ethylene propylene cliene monomer) rubber, Viton, EPR (ethylene propylene rubber), Nylon, Nitrile rubber, and perfluoroelastomers are commonly employed in super critical CO 2 (sCO2) energy conversion systems. O-rings and gaskets made from these polymers face stringent performance conditions such as elevated temperatures, high pressures, pollutants and corrosive humid environments. Critical knowledge gaps about polymer degradation from sCO2 exposure need to be addressed. To understand these effects, we have studied nine commonly used polymers subjected to elevated temperatures under isobaric conditions of sCO2 pressure. The polymers (PEEK, Nylon, PTFE, EPDM, Nitrile rubber, EPR, Neoprene, perfluoroelastomer FF 202 and Viton) were exposed for 1000 hours at 100°C to 25 MPa sCO2 pressure in an autoclave. In a second study, elastomers perfluoroelastomer (FF202) and EPDM were exposed to 25 MPa sCO2 for 1000 hours at 150°C. Samples were extracted for ex-situ characterization at t = 200 hours and then at the completion of the test at t=1000 hours. The polymer samples were examined for physical and chemical changes by Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Analysis (DMTA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and compression set. Density and mass changes immediately after removal from test and 48 hours later, and optical microscopy techniques were also used. Microcomputer tomography (micro CI) data was generated on select specimens. Super-critical CO 2 effects have been identified as either physical or chemical effects. For each polymer, the dominance of one type of effect over the other was evaluated. Attempts were also made to qualitatively link sCO2 effects such as lowering or increase in glass transition temperatures, storage modulus changes, mass and compression set changes, chemical changes seen in FTIR analyses and blister and void formation seen post-exposure to polymer microstructure-related mechanisms such as plasticization of the polymer matrix, escape of volatiles from the polymer during depressurization, and filler and plasticizer effects on microstructure with rapid depressurization rates.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

FOFB-compatible AC Local Bump as a Potential New Operations Mode for NSLS-II

AC local bumps of the beam orbit developed at NSLS-II are successfully used for accelerator physics studies. Recently, AC bumps localized at light-generating insertion devices (ID) are considered by NSLS-II beamline scientists as a possible user operation mode. The AC perturbation of the X-ray beam in a controllable way will provide a possibility to investigate the effects of the source size and temporal evolution on the coherence of the photon beam. It also can be used to average out the spatial non-uniformity of the beam intensity caused by the beamline optics. Before the implementation of the AC orbit bumps into user operations, we must investigate if the electron beam perturbation affects the other beamlines. A proof-of-principle experiment was carried out: an AC bump was created and well localized in the CSX and/or FXI beamline. Transparency of this AC bump to other beamlines has been studied, the results are discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of Bio-Compatible Fluorescent Sensor

The development for biocompatible fluorescent sensors is used to understand the movement and fracking of wild boar at SRS. Current fracking methods for wild boar include physical tagging, camera monitoring, and foot tracks in the soil. None of these methods are highly effective in determining the path and habits of the animals as it depends on live imaging, soil consistency (lack of rain), and potentially a gps system is tagged properly. This system allows fracking using an additive digested by the animal and released in the urine that will fluoresce when excited with a particular laser. This method helps determine the actual movements of the animals and even provide a potential prediction model based on their routine. We partnered with Ft. Gordon to utilize their animal testing expertise in determining the best material and pathway for these materials to be excreted.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of Ionic Liquid-Additized, GF-5/6 Compatible Low-Viscosity Oils for Automotive Engine and Rear Axle Lubrication for 4% Improved Fuel Economy

This joint project among ORNL, GM, and DRO successfully developed ionic liquid-additized low viscosity lubricants, SAE 0W-12 and 70W-80, for both IC engine and rear axle lubrication, respectively, and demonstrated combined vehicle fuel economy improvement (FEI). Phosphonium-alkylphosphate ILs have been found to be the most effective among the candidates in protecting surface damage from both sliding wear and rolling contact fatigue, and optimal IL concentrations have been determined. The IL’s impact on three-way catalyst seems to be significantly less adverse than the conventional ZDDP. Oil formulations were optimized for both energy efficiency and wear protection. Tribological bench testing of the IL-additized low-viscosity oils showed at least 40% lower boundary friction, more than 60% lower elastohydrodynamic friction, and greater than 50% less wear compared with commercial baselines. IL-additized lubricants have demonstrated FEI by 9.9% in engine dynamometer tests under extreme conditions and 6.9% increased power output in gear rig tests. Prototype IL-additized engine oil and rear axle fluid exhibited combined FEI of 1.39% and 3.24% benchmarked against the state-of-the-art baselines in vehicle testing of fresh oils under the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) city cycle and Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET), respectively. Used oil analysis suggested that the IL-additized low-viscosity oils produced less wear than the commercial baselines. The gained fundamental understanding and demonstrated FEI in this work pave the way for future development and implementation of the ionic liquid technology.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Develop On-Demand nanoplasmonic Device Concepts in a Semiconductor Compatible Hybrid System. Final Report

This report summarizes the research activities supported by the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC-0010399. The goal of this project is to is to develop an on-demand nanoplasmonic platform that combines emerging oxide nanoelectronics with a low-loss semiconductor-friendly plasmonic materials. Toward this goal, several unique heterostructures formed between complex oxides and 2D layered materials have been developed. Based on these material systems, a set of atomic force microscope (AFM) based techniques have been developed that can allow long-living and reversible material phase transitions to be manipulated in nanoscale at room temperature. Using such technique and through interface coupling, we can effectively tune the plasmon propagations in unconventional plasmonic materials such as graphene and VO 2 . In addition, we also discovered a plethora of novel interface enabled electro-optic effects, including the spatial modulation of light using 2DEG, a giant programmable photothermoelectric effects at room temperature, a light induced superconducting transition, and a tunable giant third order optical nonlinearities. These major results are outlined in this report, along with lists of project participants and products.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗