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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Design of an AIM Network for Monitoring Carbon Storage Projects

Conference poster presented at Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Conference 2024, Houston, Texas, March 11–13, 2024. The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) is researching novel carbon storage-monitoring techniques at an approved North Dakota geologic carbon storage site. One of the research objectives is to design an autonomous, integrated, and modular (AIM) monitoring network that is compliant with monitoring requirements across multiple carbon capture and storage (CCS) policy frameworks, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) underground injection control (UIC) Class VI permitting program.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2022

Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA) Strategy for a North Dakota Carbon Capture and Storage Project Integrated with Ethanol Production: Developing and Demonstrating Sustainable Monitoring Techniques

Conference presentation at American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Conference, Houston, Texas, March 28–30, 2022. An overview of the novel and sustainable monitoring techniques developed by the University of North Dakota's Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) and its commercial partners for the Red Trail Energy (RTE) carbon capture and storage (CCS) project.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development of Calcined Clay/Calcium Sulfate Blends for Robust Performance of LC3 Concrete

This report documents the development of robust blends of calcined clays (CCs) with calcium sulfate (gypsum) for application in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) systems. The U.S. cement industry faces supply chain constraints and high energy intensity, motivating the need for alternative supplementary cementitious materials. Calcined clays are abundant and highly reactive when properly processed, but their variable physical and chemical characteristics can negatively impact hydration balance, rheology, and admixture demand in LC3 concretes. To address this, five calcined clays, two Portland cements, ground limestone, gypsum, and a polycarboxylate dispersant were procured. Isothermal calorimetry and mini-cone flow tests were used to determine sulfate and dispersant demand. Results show that the addition of approximately 6.7% gypsum, relative to the calcined clay weight, consistently balanced sulfate consumption across the LC3 systems studied. Dispersant demand, however, varied significantly with clay source, demonstrating the need for tailored admixture strategies. These findings confirm that supplying CC–gypsum blends directly to concrete producers is a viable approach to overcoming current manufacturing constraints, enabling reliable fresh and hardened performance of LC3 concretes, and supporting broader adoption of calcined clays in the U.S. market.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

CO2 Streams Captured From Industrial Processes and Corrosion of Steel Pipelines

Based on the knowledge accumulated in the last decade related to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) processes and the identified gaps in knowledge, our study identifies and quantifies the key issues that impact the corrosion of materials, specifically relating to the integrity of structures for the CO2 transport pipelines and provides a better understanding of the materials’ compatibility with CO2 steams with impurities. This will help to understand the corrosion risks associated with CO2 transport and injection and leverage existing infrastructure or rebuild new pipeline networks to transport CO2 with impurities for EOR or geological storage.

CO2 corrosion↗
DOE OSTI2025

Summary of Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems and Incident Data in North America

Pipelines are historically seen as the primary transportation mode for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) streams in the context of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and oil and gas industries. Pipeline transmission of CO 2 over longer distances is regarded as most efficient and economical when the CO 2 is in the dense phase, i.e., in liquid or supercritical regime, due to transporting CO 2 in dense phase that allows for a smaller-diameter pipeline to move a given flow, which optimizes project cost.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Qualitative Risk Assessment of Legacy Wells within the Estimated Prairie State Generating Company Area of Review

This report details the digitization of a legacy wellbore database, including data processing assumptions, parameter estimation, and risk assessment methodology. The database, comprising 6,454 documents, was provided by ISGS. It includes valuable data from the Prairie State Generating Company (PSGC) and One Earth Energy (OEE) sites of the CarbonSAFE Phase III – Illinois Storage Corridor project. The report focuses on wells within a 15-mile radius from the Lively Grove #1 (LG#1) well at PSGC site, evaluating subsurface conditions and potential risks. A total of 4,386 wellbores within 15 miles of the LG#1 well were filtered based on depth and formation codes. LG#1 is the stratigraphic well at the PSGC site drilled in 2021. Ninety-four (94) wells penetrating the Maquoketa Shale Group (the primary confining unit) within the estimated area-of-review (AoR) for the PSGC site were evaluated using a qualitative risk assessment (QRA) methodology. The QRA developed by Arbad et al. 2022 focuses on legacy wells within the AoR and categorizes them based on well construction details. The QRA identifies wells that need immediate attention by categorizing them based on penetration depth and protection. Wells within the AoR were categorized into nine groups based on penetrations and protections. These categories range from Type 1 wells, with no documentation, to Type 9 wells, which do not penetrate the primary confining unit or storage reservoir (unit). Well accessibility within the AoR varies based on well status, including Dry & Abandoned (DA), Plugged & Abandoned (PA), Injection (INJ), Oil/Gas Producing (PROD), and Observation (Obs) wells. Accessibility levels were determined by well construction, with DA wells being the least accessible and Observation wells the most accessible, impacting gas leakage detection possibilities. Remedial action priority of wells decreases from Type 1 to Type 9 wells. Type 1 to Type 6 wells with status DA and PA require immediate attention, while Type 7 and Type 8 wells are low priority. A risk matrix used to prioritize corrective actions for legacy wells is proposed to categorize wells within an AoR based on penetrations, protections, and accessibility. The methodology involves data acquisition, well categorization into nine types, and determining CO 2 leakage pathways using well schematics and geospatial mapping. This approach is particularly useful for managing the integrity of legacy wells throughout the lifecycle of a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project. A qualitative risk assessment of 94 wells within the AoR of the PSGC site identified 54 wells with high priority for corrective action due to penetration of the primary containment seal. The assessment utilizes color-coded maps to categorize well types and prioritize corrective actions, providing a comprehensive analysis. Schematics of wells penetrating the primary confining unit were drawn, and leakage pathways were identified. Details of all wells penetrating the confining zone are provided in the appendix, including information on well types, plugging, and casing status.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2026

Prairie State Generating Company Site: Storage Field Development Plan

This Storage Field Development plan presents the Storage Complex characterization results, construction, monitoring, operational plans, and costs associated with the proposed Prairie State Energy Campus - Carbon Capture and Storage (PSEC-CCS) project in Washington County, Illinois, near Marissa. The proposed storage complex, known as the St. Peter-Everton Storage Complex, comprises the St. Peter Sandstone and Everton sandstone reservoirs, with the Maquoketa Shale serving as the primary confining unit and the Knox Group as lower confining unit. The lowermost Underground Source of Drinking Water (USDW) identified for the site is the Pennsylvanian section.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2021

DEIMoS: An Open-Source Tool for Processing High-Dimensional Mass Spectrometry Data

We present DEIMoS: Data Extraction for Integrated Multidimensional Spectrometry, a Python application programming interface and command-line tool for high-dimensional mass spectrometry data analysis workflows, offering ease of development and access to efficient algorithmic implementations. Functionality includes feature detection, feature alignment, collision cross section calibration, isotope detection, and MS/MS spectral deconvolution, with the output comprising detected features aligned across study samples and characterized by mass, CCS, tandem mass spectra, and isotopic signature. Notably, DEIMoS operates on N-dimensional data, largely agnostic to acquisition instrumentation: algorithm implementations utilize all dimensions simultaneously to (i) offer greater separation between features, improving detection sensitivity, (ii) increase alignment/feature matching confidence among datasets, and (iii) mitigate convolution artifacts in tandem mass spectra. We demonstrate DEIMoS with LC-IMS-MS/MS data, demonstrating the advantages of a multidimensional approach in each data processing step.

Colby, Sean M↗
DOE OSTI2021

Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Cumulant Green’s Function for Excited States and X-ray Spectra

Green’s function methods within many-body perturbation theory provide a general framework for treating electronic correlations in excited states and spectra. Conventional methods using the Dyson equation or the cumulant expansion are typically based on the GW self-energy approximation. In order to extend this approximation in molecular systems, a non-perturbative real-time coupled-cluster cumulant Green’s function approach has been introduced, where the cumulant is obtained as the solution to a set of coupled first order, non-linear differential equations. This approach naturally includes non-linear corrections to conventional cumulant Green’s function techniques where the cumulant is linear in the GW self-energy. The method yields the spectral function associated with the core Green’s function, which is directly related to the x-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) of molecular systems. The approach also yields very good results for binding energies and satellite excitations. The x-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) is then obtained as a convolution of the core spectral function and an effective one-body absorption spectrum. Here this approach is extended to include the full coupled-cluster-singles (CCS) core Green’s function by including the complete form of the non-linear contributions to the cumulant as well as all single, double, and triple cluster excitations in the CC amplitude equations. This approach naturally builds in orthogonality and shake-up effects analogous to those in the Mahan-Noizeres-de Dominicis edge singularity corrections that enhance the XAS near the edge. Themethod is illustrated for the XPS and XAS of NH 3 .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Metagenome Sequence Analysis of Filamentous Microbial Communities Obtained from Geochemically Distinct Geothermal Channels Reveals Specialization of Three Aquificales Lineages

The Aquificales are thermophilic microorganisms that inhabit hydrothermal systems worldwide and are considered one of the earliest lineages of the domain Bacteria. We analyzed metagenome sequence obtained from six thermal “filamentous streamer” communities (~40 Mbp per site), which targeted three different groups of Aquificales found in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Unassembled metagenome sequence and PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene libraries revealed that acidic, sulfidic sites were dominated by Hydrogenobaculum (Aquificaceae) populations, whereas the circum-neutral pH (6.5–7.8) sites containing dissolved sulfide were dominated by Sulfurihydrogenibium spp. (Hydrogenothermaceae). Thermocrinis (Aquificaceae) populations were found primarily in the circum-neutral sites with undetectable sulfide, and to a lesser extent in one sulfidic system at pH 8. Phylogenetic analysis of assembled sequence containing 16S rRNA genes as well as conserved protein-encoding genes revealed that the composition and function of these communities varied across geochemical conditions. Each Aquificales lineage contained genes for CO2 fixation by the reverse-TCA cycle, but only the Sulfurihydrogenibium populations perform citrate cleavage using ATP citrate lyase (Acl). The Aquificaceae populations use an alternative pathway catalyzed by two separate enzymes, citryl-CoA synthetase (Ccs), and citryl-CoA lyase (Ccl). All three Aquificales lineages contained evidence of aerobic respiration, albeit due to completely different types of heme Cu oxidases (subunit I) involved in oxygen reduction. The distribution of Aquificales populations and differences among functional genes involved in energy generation and electron transport is consistent with the hypothesis that geochemical parameters (e.g., pH, sulfide, H2, O2) have resulted in niche specialization among members of the Aquificales.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

CCS2, an Octatricopeptide-Repeat Protein, Is Required for Plastid Cytochrome c Assembly in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

In bacteria and energy generating organelles, c -type cytochromes are a class of universal electron carriers with a heme cofactor covalently linked via one or two thioether bonds to a heme binding site. The covalent attachment of heme to apocytochromes is a catalyzed process, taking place via three evolutionarily distinct assembly pathways (Systems I, II, III). System II was discovered in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through the genetic analysis of the ccs mutants (cytochrome c synthesis), which display a block in the apo- to holo- form conversion of cytochrome f and c6, the thylakoid lumen resident c-type cytochromes functioning in photosynthesis. Here we show that the gene corresponding to the CCS2 locus encodes a 1,719 amino acid polypeptide and identify the molecular lesions in the ccs2-1 to ccs2-5 alleles. The CCS2 protein displays seven degenerate amino acid repeats, which are variations of the octatricopeptide-repeat motif (OPR) recently recognized in several nuclear-encoded proteins controlling the maturation, stability, or translation of chloroplast transcripts. A plastid site of action for CCS2 is inferred from the finding that GFP fused to the first 100 amino acids of the algal protein localizes to chloroplasts in Nicotiana benthamiana . Here, we discuss the possible functions of CCS2 in the heme attachment reaction.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Accelerating computational fluid dynamics simulation of post-combustion carbon capture modeling with MeshGraphNets

Packed columns are commonly used in post-combustion processes to capture CO 2 emissions by providing enhanced contact area between a CO 2 -laden gas and CO 2 -absorbing solvent. To study and optimize solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture systems (CCSs), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to model the liquid–gas countercurrent flow hydrodynamics in these columns and derive key determinants of CO 2 -capture efficiency. However, the large design space of these systems hinders the application of CFD for design optimization due to its high computational cost. In contrast, data-driven modeling approaches can produce fast surrogates to study large-scale physics problems. We build our surrogates using MeshGraphNets (MGN), a graph neural network framework that efficiently learns and produces mesh-based simulations. We apply MGN to a random packed column modeled with over 160K graph nodes and a design space consisting of three key input parameters: solvent surface tension, inlet velocity, and contact angle. Our models can adapt to a wide range of these parameters and accurately predict the complex interactions within the system at rates over 1700 times faster than CFD, affirming its practicality in downstream design optimization tasks. This underscores the robustness and versatility of MGN in modeling complex fluid dynamics for large-scale CCS analyses.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Comprehensive Exergy Analysis of Three IGCC Power Plant Configurations with CO 2 Capture

We have conducted comprehensive exergy analyses of three integrated gasification combined cycle with carbon capture and storage (IGCC-CCS) power plant configurations: (1) a baseline model using Selexol™ for H 2 S/CO 2 removal; (2) a modified version that adds a H 2 -selective membrane before the Selexol™ acid gas removal system; and (3) a modified baseline version that uses a CO 2 -selective membrane before the Selexol™ acid gas removal system. While holding the coal input flow rate and the CO 2 captured flow rates constant, it was determined that the H 2 -selective membrane case had a higher net power output (584 MW) compared to the baseline (564 MW) and compared to the CO 2 -selective membrane case (550 MW). Interestingly, the CO 2 -selective membrane case destroyed the least amount of exergy within the power plant (967 MW), compared with the Baseline case (999 MW) and the H 2 -membrane case (972 MW). The main problem with the CO 2 -selective membrane case was the large amount of H 2 (48 MW worth of H 2 chemical exergy) remaining within the supercritical CO 2 that exits the power plant. Finally, regardless of the CO 2 capture process used, the majority of the exergy destruction occurred in the gasifier (305 MW) and gas turbine (~380 MW) subsystems, suggesting that these two areas should be key areas of focus of future improvements.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Conservation and Expansion of Transcriptional Factor Repertoire in the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex

The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) includes both plant and human pathogens that cause devastating plant vascular wilt diseases and threaten public health. Each F. oxysporum genome comprises core chromosomes (CCs) for housekeeping functions and accessory chromosomes (ACs) that contribute to host-specific adaptation. This study inspects global transcription factor profiles (TFomes) and their potential roles in coordinating CC and AC functions to accomplish host-specific interactions. Remarkably, we found a clear positive correlation between the sizes of TFomes and the proteomes of an organism. With the acquisition of ACs, the FOSC TFomes were larger than the other fungal genomes included in this study. Among a total of 48 classified TF families, 14 families involved in transcription/translation regulations and cell cycle controls were highly conserved. Among the 30 FOSC expanded families, Zn2-C6 and Znf_C2H2 were most significantly expanded to 671 and 167 genes per family including well-characterized homologs of Ftf1 (Zn2-C6) and PacC (Znf_C2H2) that are involved in host-specific interactions. Manual curation of characterized TFs increased the TFome repertoires by 3% including a disordered protein Ren1. RNA-Seq revealed a steady pattern of expression for conserved TF families and specific activation for AC TFs. Functional characterization of these TFs could enhance our understanding of transcriptional regulation involved in FOSC cross-kingdom interactions, disentangle species-specific adaptation, and identify targets to combat diverse diseases caused by this group of fungal pathogens.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) for Near Real-Time Precipitation Estimation from Multispectral GOES-16 Satellite Imageries—PERSIANN-cGAN

In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art precipitation estimation framework which leverages advances in satellite remote sensing as well as Deep Learning (DL). The framework takes advantage of the improvements in spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the GOES-16 platform along with elevation information to improve the precipitation estimates. The procedure begins by first deriving a Rain/No Rain (R/NR) binary mask through classification of the pixels and then applying regression to estimate the amount of rainfall for rainy pixels. A Fully Convolutional Network is used as a regressor to predict precipitation estimates. The network is trained using the non-saturating conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss terms to generate results that better learn the complex distribution of precipitation in the observed data. Common verification metrics such as Probability Of Detection (POD), False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Critical Success Index (CSI), Bias, Correlation and MSE are used to evaluate the accuracy of both R/NR classification and real-valued precipitation estimates. Statistics and visualizations of the evaluation measures show improvements in the precipitation retrieval accuracy in the proposed framework compared to the baseline models trained using conventional MSE loss terms. This framework is proposed as an augmentation for PERSIANN-CCS (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Network- Cloud Classification System) algorithm for estimating global precipitation.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

INTERPLAY AMONG COOLING, AGN FEEDBACK, AND ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTION IN THE COOL CORES OF GALAXY CLUSTERS

Feedback from the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is one of the most promising heating mechanisms to circumvent the cooling-flow problem in galaxy clusters. However, the role of thermal conduction remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that anisotropic thermal conduction in cluster cool cores (CCs) could drive the heat-flux-driven buoyancy instabilities (HBIs) that reorient the field lines in the azimuthal directions and isolate the cores from conductive heating from the outskirts. However, how the AGN interacts with the HBI is still unknown. To understand these interwined processes, we perform the first 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of isolated CC clusters that include anisotropic conduction, radiative cooling, and AGN feedback. We find the following: (1) For realistic magnetic field strengths in clusters, magnetic tension can suppress a significant portion of HBI-unstable modes, and thus the HBI is either completely inhibited or significantly impaired, depending on the unknown magnetic field coherence length. (2) Turbulence driven by AGN jets can effectively randomize magnetic field lines and sustain conductivity at ∼1/3 of the Spitzer value; however, the AGN-driven turbulence is not volume filling. (3) Conductive heating within the cores could contribute to ∼10% of the radiative losses in Perseus-like clusters and up to ∼50% for clusters twice the mass of Perseus. (4) Thermal conduction has various impacts on the AGN activity and intracluster medium properties for the hottest clusters, which may be searched by future observations to constrain the level of conductivity in clusters. The distribution of cold gas and the implications are also discussed.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Photometry of Outer Solar System Objects from the Dark Energy Survey. I. Photometric Methods, Light-curve Distributions, and Trans-Neptunian Binaries

We report the methods of and initial scientific inferences from the extraction of precision photometric information for the >800 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) discovered in the images of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Scene-modeling photometry is used to obtain shot-noise-limited flux measures for each exposure of each TNO, with background sources subtracted. Comparison of double-source fits to the pixel data with single-source fits are used to identify and characterize two binary TNO systems. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo method samples the joint likelihood of the intrinsic colors of each source as well as the amplitude of its flux variation, given the time series of multiband flux measurements and their uncertainties. A catalog of these colors and light-curve amplitudes A is included with this publication. We show how to assign a likelihood to the distribution q(A) of light-curve amplitudes in any subpopulation. Using this method, we find decisive evidence (i.e., evidence ratio <0.01) that cold classical (CC) TNOs with absolute magnitude 6 < H$_{r}$ < 8.2 are more variable than the hot classical (HC) population of the same H$_{r}$, reinforcing theories that the former form in situ and the latter arise from a different physical population. Resonant and scattering TNOs in this H$_{r}$ range have variability consistent with either the HCs or CCs. DES TNOs with H$_{r}$ < 6 are seen to be decisively less variable than higher-H$_{r}$ members of any dynamical group, as expected. More surprising is that detached TNOs are decisively less variable than scattering TNOs, which requires them to have distinct source regions or some subsequent differential processing.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗