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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 829 records · Page 46
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

SPC-70792 Rev 0 MARVEL Primary Coolant Management Subsystem Tubing Specification

This specification covers the requirements and details for the selection, fabrication, testing, cleaning, marking, shipping, inspection and installation of the Inert Gas System, and Primary Coolant Management System. This applies to tubing from the upper confinement patch panel to the upper plenum, including NaK and argon fill tubing, valves, and hangers. These systems consist of the necessary straight lengths, elbows, reducers, fittings, tube connections, instrument taps, and valves called for by applicable drawings. All components shall be procured as ASME Section III Class 1.

21 - SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLAN↗
DOE OSTI2023

SPC-2772 Rev 2 General Build to Print Fabrication Specification for Nuclear Use Items

This specification is for use with Safety Significant structures, systems, and components. The scope is for build to print fabrication including, but not limited to, machining, forming, welding, cutting, assembling, etc. Specific scope and associated requirements will be identified in drawings and/or additional procurement documents. ASME B31 fabrication is not included in the scope of this specification. Any conflict between this specification and referenced Codes and Standards, or any supplementary specifications in the procurement documents requires written clarification from the Contractor prior to proceeding with any work. Any deviation from the procurement documents requires approval by the Contractor with the change request process.

21 - SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLAN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Flaw Tolerance Assessment for DOE Standard SNF Dry Storage Canisters - 26550

The U.S. DOE has designed four spent nuclear fuel (SNF) dry storage canisters for storing DOE standardized SNFs. The DOE standard canisters are cylindrical shells with a diameter of 24 inches (610 m) or 18 inches (457 m), a wall thickness of 0.5 inches (12.7 m) or 0.375 inches (9.53 m), and a length of 15 feet (4.57 m) or 10 feet (3.05 m). These DOE canister geometries are completely different from commercial canisters. The latter may experience chloride-induced stress cracking corrosion (CI-SCC) because they are stored near coastal regions. The former may not experience CI-SCC but face different challenges because they are stored in the SNF storage facilities. Because of large residual stresses, mechanical flaws may occur in the DOE canisters during long-distance transportation or lifting handling. To date, only limited structural integrity analyses were carried out through drop tests on the DOE canisters, but a more general flaw tolerance assessment has not been performed. Therefore, the failure assessment diagram (FAD)-based fracture mechanics method, as codified by the latest API 579-1/ASME FFS-1-2021 Edition, is adopted in this work to assess surface flaw tolerance for DOE canisters under operation loading and welding residual stresses (WRS), where the new code-recommended WRS distributions are used. To more adequately consider the transverse distribution of WRS, an equivalent WRS distribution is proposed to account for the WRS reduction with distance from the weld centerline. Moreover, the closed-form solutions of stress intensity factor K, which serves as the crack driving force during subcritical crack growth, are developed from the tabular data of the K factors provided in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 and used to determine more accurate flaw sizes at flaw instability. Subsequently, the Level 2 assessment procedures with 12 assessment steps, as codified and detailed in API 579-1 and ASME FFS-1, are followed to assess the flaw tolerance for the surface flaws in the DOE standard canisters with consideration of normal or accident operation loads combined with WRS. The assessment results show that the four designs of DOE standard canisters can tolerate all surface flaws that meet the code permitted maximum sizes of a flaw length of 8 inches (i.e., 200 mm) and a flaw depth of 80% wall thickness. This demonstrates that all designs of DOE standard canisters are robust and reliable.

DOE standard canister↗
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluation of proposed Section III Division 5 Class B rules: Piping example problem

Evaluation of proposed Section III Division 5 Class B rules: Piping example problem to be presented include Z pipe geometry and model problem statement, Z pipe loads and design inputs problem statement, Primary Stress Limit overview, Primary stress limit pseudo yield stress calculation, Primary stress limited factored load procedure, Strain limit evaluation composite load cycle, Strain limit evaluation pseudo yield stress, Strain limit evaluation strain limit criteria and ratcheting check, Creep fatigue damage evaluation overview, Creep fatigue damage evaluation alternating stress calculations, Creep fatigue damage evaluation lower bound stress, Creep fatigue damage evaluation stress relaxation history, Creep fatigue damage evaluation damage fractions, and Recommendations to consider for Z-pipe problem.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

AN APPROACH TO BRINGING AUTOMATED FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS (AFDD) TOOLS FOR HVAC&R INTO THE MAINSTREAM

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems can consume over 5 quads of energy annually, representing 30% of energy consumption in the U.S. in commercial buildings. Additionally, commercial refrigeration (R) systems add about 2 quads to commercial buildings energy consumption. Most HVAC systems have one or more faults (low/high refrigerant charge, valve leakage, condenser/evaporator fouling, filter/dryer restriction, economizer faults, controls faults) that result in increased energy consumption. Automated fault detection and diagnosis (AFDD) tools have been developed to address this national issue and many tools are commercially available. AFDD tools have the potential to save considerable energy for existing commercial RTUs, chillers and refrigeration systems. These devices can be used for both retro commissioning, and, when faults are addressed, continuous commissioning as well. However, there appears to be multiple market barriers for this technology. A key market barrier for this technology is the lack of awareness of AFDD products among potential customers. Most HVAC contractors are not familiar with the latest AFDD technologies and HVAC technicians lack skills regarding these technologies. Quantifying potential benefits to building owners is difficult since there are several FDD tools with varying capabilities. For instance, there are several FDD products ranging from handling just economizer faults to those that also handle full-blown refrigerant-side and air-side faults. Methods/algorithms used in FDD vary significantly. Even though there are efforts to develop standards, currently there are no standards/methods to define functions, capabilities, accuracy, and reliability of FDD tools. Moreover, most of the commercial AFDD tools have not been verified in the field independently. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to bringing HVAC AFDD tools into the mainstream. The approach involves demonstrating ten commercially available tools at ten different sites, independent testing and evaluation of the FDD tools, communication with various stakeholders, identifying market barriers, and assisting utility companies in developing incentive programs. This paper presents selection of AFDD tools, ite identification, and field testing and evaluation method.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2017

Fielding the LANL Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD-3) at the National Ignition Facility: The engineering challenges of designing, analyzing, fabricating, testing, and commissioning the next-generation GCD detector and WellDIM3.9m insertion manipulator for use at NIF

We report that fielding the LANL third-generation Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD-3) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) revealed an array of complex engineering challenges. Fielding the GCD-3 Detector in a 3.9 meter re-entrant Well on the NIF Target Chamber required the development of a specialized detector deployment system named the WellDIM3.9m Diagnostic Manipulator (WellDIM). The most stringent design requirement entailed a no-load/no-contact condition with the Well, which dictated that all seismic loads be transferred to the Target Chamber port flange. The WellDIM transports the GCD-3 into the Well at a distance of 3.9m from Target Chamber Center. Finally, the GCD-3 Detector, outfitted with additional shielding to mitigate higher NIF backgrounds, will serve as a prototype for the future, heavily shielded “Super-GCD”.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Extreme waves in present and future climates using physics-based synthetic tropical cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico.

Historically, extreme waves have been the most destructive force in the Gulf of Mexico, destroying and damaging thousands of offshore structures. The American Petroleum Institute has revised its design criteria for offshore platforms several times over the decades, as new data continues to become available, showing that data for our present climate is insufficient. This problem is exacerbated in a changing climate. By using synthetic physics-based tropical cyclones to force a third-generation wave model, we can generate adequate statistics for present and future climates. These simulations have been completed using Joule Supercomputer.

Climate Change↗
DOE OSTI2019

Voluntary Consensus Standards (VCSs) - Purpose and Process

The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) of 1995 mandates that all federal agencies use technical standards developed and adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies, as opposed to developing unique government standards. But why use a voluntary consensus standard? Why use ASME/NQA-1?

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Design and Experimental Demonastration of a High Pressure Oxy-Methane Combustor

Motivated by the advantages of pressured oxy-combustion, the primary purpose of this experimental study is to design and test a methane-oxygen burner and combustor. The combustor is designed to operate at a firing input of 500 kW and 20 bar chamber pressure. Multiple components of the system are first modeled in CFD to predict performance and design for safety. These components include the methane-oxygen burner, ignition system, and combustor pressurization systems. The simulation is conducted using a 2D domain. Using the expected performance parameters, the experimental system was built and tested. In this particular paper, the test data are presented for 160 kW power inputs and 7 bar chamber pressure. Afterwards, a qualitative and quantitative comparison is performed. For example, in order to pressurize the combustor, the exit area was restricted. The CFD model shows that to achieve a pressure of 7 bar in the chamber an exit diameter of 6.4mm is needed. However, during actual testing a 3.175mm exit diameter orifice is used. This discrepancy between the test results and CFD results is due to the leaking of gases in the combustor. Future testing includes the effect of convective CO2 cooling at the combustor wall and water based cooling at the combustor end cap

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Thermodynamic Analysis of ENEL and TIPS Oxy-coal Power Cycles

Pressurized oxy-coal combustion is one method that may provide a means of boosting the cycle efficiency and reducing pollutant emission from coal plants. Two pressurized oxy-coal combustion cycles are analyzed in this study. The ThermoEnergy Integrated Power System (TIPS) coal power cycle, which operates at a pressure of 8 MPa, and the ENEL cycle, which operates at a pressure of 1MPa. For this study both cycles are modeled using ASPEN Plus, and the performance of the different components and efficiencies of both systems analyzed. The gross input power to the system is via a coal slurry at a power rating of 550MW. The flue gases are recycled in each configuration at a rate of 25, 50, and 75% by mass. For both cycles the highest calculated efficiency occurs at a recirculation rate of 75%. At this condition, the efficiency of the cycles are 38% and 34% for the ENEL and TIPS cycles, respectively. It is determined that for these cycles that the mass flow rate of the flue gas impact the cycle efficiency more than the combustor temperature due to enhanced heat transfer throughout the system.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Mass Spectrometer Observing Lunar Operations (MSoLo)

Introduction: In 2019, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced that it would seek to have humans return to the moon by 2024 in the hopes of establishing a more sustainable lunar presence by 2028. This goal comes with many challenges, one of upmost importance will be to utilize resources that can be found on the moon. Water, which has been identified in the lunar Polar Regions, will be a key resource for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), as it is capable of being processed for vehicular fuel, as well as life support systems materials such as oxygen. Upcoming Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) missions will be critical for these resource assessments. Methods: A modified commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) mass spectrometer developed at Kennedy Space Center known as MSolo, consisting of a quadrupole mass filter and space rated electronics undergoes testing and modifications in order to study operational parameters to unconventional approaches needed in flight situations. In general, MSolo operates in the 0-100 m/z range with the ability to detect with a faraday cup (FC) or an electron multiplier (EM) for enhanced detection. A crossbeam (XB) ionization source is used. Preliminary Data: Prior to construction, little information was available on how the MSolo system would perform at lunar like environments, factors such as temperatures (possible fluctuations from 70 to -45 °C), vibrations from launch and their side effects, the general ability to operate while the entire system (hardware and electronic components) were in a vacuum environment, were factors that while know to flight instruments, were something new to a modified COTS system. As components start to warm up, temperature becomes a key factor (ie. heat can no longer escape the electronics as no atmosphere is present), therefore it becomes crucial to find new ways to maintain stable signals and keep the instrument tuned. Calibration itself becomes an important parameter that needs to be performed while maintaining all flight like characteristics. Even the structure itself of MSolo’s sensor needed to be changed to survive the verification parameters needed to be approved for flight. Most important, all the modifications made to the COTS system have to keep the instrument working at the same specifications of the standard commercial systems. Novel Aspect: Results gathered provide key parameters that will assist to the unconventional mass spectrometry approaches of the upcoming CLPS missions to which MSolo has been selected to.

MSolo↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sub-sized specimen testing and its relationship with Gen IV Materials Qualification

Renewed interest in advanced reactor technologies which can produce inherently safe, reliable, low carbon, low cost energy requires the development of new materials which can operate in the extreme environments proposed by Gen IV reactor designs. The primary focus of the Nuclear Materials Discovery and Qualification Initiative (NMDQi) is to accelerate the process by which new materials can make their way into commercial use, enabling new technologies and innovations within the nuclear sector. Due to limitations in the production of neutron irradiated material for testing and qualification, the use of specimens far smaller than those traditionally called for in regulatory codes becomes a necessity. While the use of these sub-sized specimens is necessary to achieve materials qualification on a realistic timeline and budget, literature showing the efficacy of these samples as an appropriate surrogate for ASME/ASTM defined samples is limited. This poster will detail historical efforts to compare the mechanical behavior of small geometry samples with bulk material behavior and the potential of sub-sized specimen testing at INL for future materials qualification efforts.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A HIGH PRESSURE AND SUPERCRITICAL METHANE-OXYGEN BURNER

Directly heated supercritical oxy-fuel power cycles have potential to offer a higher thermal efficiency and lower pollutant emissions compared to existing power cycles. Recent thermodynamic analysis of the cycle performed by several groups including the UTEP-Air Liquide research team show that combustion in the vicinity of 300 bar pressure and 1000-1400 K temperature allows for relatively high system efficiencies while operating within the limit of practical combustor materials. However, the realization of directly heated supercritical power cycle requires combustion systems be designed to operate in supercritical conditions and at temperature far below the blowout limit of conventional flames (above 1500 K), where not only the thermodynamic properties but also the combustion properties and kinetics are unexplored. To minimize these knowledge gaps, some intermediate pressure ranges (up to 20 bar) are experimented and modeled using a CFD simulation tool. The knowledge obtained from the high pressure test will assist in understanding the combustion chamber pressurization mechanism, ignition and flame behavior at the elevated pressure. This is a systematic first step in testing at higher pressures of 100 and 300 bar pressures. The primary objective of this dissertation is to perform qualitative analysis on oxy-methane combustion at high pressure (< 20 bar) and compare to CFD model for future scale up to supercritical condition. For modeling of the system, a commercial computational fluid dynamics simulation tool, ANSYS Fluent, is used. The inlet conditions for the CFD analysis are obtained from the experiments. The geometry used for the study is same as the test apparatus and operates at the same power ratings. The expertise gained from this experimental study is important to accurately and safely design combustors at elevated pressures up to 300bar. A high pressure methane-oxygen fuel burner and combustor have been developed to accommodate oxycombustion environment. A detailed CFD analysis is conducted to understand the flame length and cooling phenomenon inside the combustor first at pressures up to 20 bar to compare to experiments then at supercritical pressure. The first part of the dissertation compares CFD results with high pressure burner experiments at pressures up to 20 bar. The test is conducted for 30 s within 150 kW – 250 kW thermal power inputs. Afterwards, based on the simulation results a cooling system is proposed for steady state high pressure combustion experiments. It is observed from the experimental study that the proposed pressurization mechanism able to pressurize the vessel up to 20 bar. It is also determined that the current combustor can operate up to 20 bar for short term. The steady state CFD simulation demonstrates that a cooling system must be incorporated for continuous operation. Additionally, the study focuses on the ignition delay due to added diluent during the combustion process. It is observed that as the carbon dioxide recirculation ratio increases the ignition delay time increases. Later part of the dissertation provides a preliminary guideline for developing a laboratory scale supercritical oxy combustor. The employment of supercritical fluid in gas turbine is fairly a new concept. Hence, there are many questions that need to be answered. During this dissertation study an investigation is performed to understand the impact of equation of state in the supercritical combustion simulation. Finally, a CFD model for developing supercritical oxy-methane burner and the combustor, incorporating real gas model, is presented. Although Lee-Kesler equation of state provides better accuracy than Peng Robinson, due to the computational time Peng Robinson equation of state is used for the simulation. It is found that existing knowledge is not enough to simulate combustion at supercritical phase. Detailed combustion chemistry at the supercritical condition must be developed and should be incorporated to accurately replicate the combustion phenomenon.

Chowdhury, ASM Arifur Rahim↗
DOE OSTI2022

Graphite Degradation Modeling and Analysis

A graphite component in a nuclear reactor core is subjected to variety of stresses and can experience degradation during normal and off-normal operation. Understanding how a graphite component will behave in service is essential to ensuring core structural stability and safe reactor operation. This report summarizes a graphite modeling tool currently under development at Idaho National Laboratory. The model incorporates several of the anticipated stresses during service and includes the effects of oxidation and irradiation prior to turnaround. This tool is intended to be used to help assess the design of graphite components by utilizing design code rules found in Section III, Division 5 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineering Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Specifically, the tool uses the methodologies found within the Full and Simplified assessments from Article HHA-3000 to verify that a graphite component has an acceptably low probability of failure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗