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At least 811 records · Page 45

Identification of Non-Fermi Liquid Physics in a Quantum Critical Metal via Quantum Loop Topography

Non-Fermi liquid physics is ubiquitous in strongly correlated metals, manifesting itself in anomalous transport properties, such as a $\textit{T}$-linear resistivity in experiments. However, its theoretical understanding in terms of microscopic models is lacking, despite decades of conceptual work and attempted numerical simulations. In this work, we demonstrate that a combination of sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo sampling and quantum loop topography, a physics-inspired machine-learning approach, can map out the emergence of non-Fermi liquid physics in the vicinity of a quantum critical point (QCP) with little prior knowledge. Using only three parameter points for training the underlying neural network, we are able to robustly identify a stable non-Fermi liquid regime tracing the fans of metallic QCPs at the onset of both spin-density wave and nematic order. In particular, we establish for the first time that a spin-density wave QCP commands a wide fan of non-Fermi liquid region that funnels into the quantum critical point. Our study thereby provides an important proof-of-principle example that new physics can be detected via unbiased machine-learning approaches.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Radiation of sound from unflanged cylindrical ducts

Calculations of sound radiated from unflanged cylindrical ducts are presented. The numerical simulation models the problem of an aero-engine inlet. The time dependent linearized Euler equations are solved from a state of rest until a harmonic solution is attained. A fourth order accurate finite difference scheme is used and solutions are obtained from a fully vectorized Cyber-203 computer program. Cases of both plane waves and spin modes are treated. Spin modes model the sound generated by a turbofan engine. Boundary conditions for both plane waves and spin modes are treated. Solutions obtained are compared with experiments conducted at NASA Langley Research Center.

Hartharan, S. L.↗

Enhanced charge density wave with mobile superconducting vortices in La 1.885 Sr 0.115 CuO 4

Superconductivity in the cuprates is found to be intertwined with charge and spin density waves. Determining the interactions between the different types of order is crucial for understanding these important materials. Here, we elucidate the role of the charge density wave (CDW) in the prototypical cuprate La 1.885 Sr 0.115 CuO 4 , by studying the effects of large magnetic fields (H) up to 24 Tesla. At low temperatures (T), the observed CDW peaks reveal two distinct regions in the material: a majority phase with short-range CDW coexisting with superconductivity, and a minority phase with longer-range CDW coexisting with static spin density wave (SDW). With increasing magnetic field, the CDW first grows smoothly in a manner similar to the SDW. However, at high fields we discover a sudden increase in the CDW amplitude upon entering the vortex-liquid state. Our results signify strong coupling of the CDW to mobile superconducting vortices and link enhanced CDW amplitude with local superconducting pairing across the H -T phase diagram.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Spectral evidence for unidirectional charge density wave in detwinned BaNi 2 As 2

In the iron-based superconductors, unconventional superconductivity emerges in proximity to intertwined electronic orders consisting of an electronic nematic order and a spin density wave (SDW). Recently, BaNi 2 As 2 , like its well-known iron-based analog BaFe 2 As 2 , has been discovered to host a symmetry-breaking structural transition but coupled to a unidirectional charge density wave (CDW) instead of SDW, providing a novel platform to study intertwined orders. Here, in this work, through a systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study combined with a detwinning B 1 g uniaxial strain, we identify distinct spectral evidence of band evolution due to the structural transition as well as CDW-induced band folding. In contrast to the nematicity and spin density wave in BaFe 2 As 2 , the structural and CDW order parameters in BaNi 2 As 2 are observed to be strongly coupled and do not separate in the presence of uniaxial strain. Furthermore, no nematic band splitting is resolved above the structural transition. Our measurements point to a likely lattice origin of the CDW order in BaNi 2 As 2 .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Modulational instability of spin modified quantum magnetosonic waves in Fermi-Dirac-Pauli plasmas

A theoretical and numerical study of the modulational instability of large amplitude quantum magnetosonic waves (QMWs) in a relativistically degenerate plasma is presented. A modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived by using the reductive perturbation method. The modulational instability regions of the QMWs and the corresponding growth rates are significantly affected by the relativistic degeneracy parameter, the Pauli spin magnetization effects, and the equilibrium magnetic field. The dynamics and nonlinear saturation of the modulational instability of QMWs are investigated numerically. It is found that the increase of the relativistic degeneracy parameter can increase the growth rate of the instability, and the system is saturated nonlinearly by the formation of envelope solitary waves. The current investigation may have relevance to astrophysical magnetized compact objects, such as white dwarfs and pulsar magnetospheres.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Magnetism and superconductivity in a quasi-2D anisotropic system doped with charge carriers

The theory of multiband superconducting systems with variable density of charge carriers is analyzed. The possibility of emergence of nonphonon high-temperature superconductivity due to the predominance of electron–electron interband interactions over intraband interactions, as well as due to the fact that the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of multiband systems in the superconducting phase differ qualitatively from those of single-band systems, is indicated. Phase transitions in a quasi-2D anisotropic medium upon a change in the carrier concentration, i.e., a transition from the commensurate to the incommensurate state of the spin density wave, are analyzed. Such a transition is observed when the Umklapp processes in the lattice structure are taken into account. These processes facilitate a deviation of wavevector Q of the spin density wave from 2k{sub F}, as well as a displacement of the bandgap relative to the Fermi surface. This leads to the generation of free charge carriers and the possibility of superconductivity. It is shown that superconductivity accompanies the magnetism. The conditions for the coexistence of these two phenomena are determined.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Geometric origin of the intrinsic transverse spin transport in a canted-antiferromagnet/heavy-metal heterostructure

We theoretically study the conditions under which an intrinsic spin Nernst effect–a transverse spin current induced by an applied temperature gradient–can occur in a canted-antiferromagnet insulator, such as LaFeO 3 and other materials of the same family. The spin Nernst effect may provide a microscopic mechanism for an experimentally observed anomalous thermovoltage in LaFeO 3 /Pt heterostructures, where spin is transferred across the insulator/metal interface when a temperature gradient is applied to LaFeO 3 parallel to the interface. We find that LaFeO 3 exhibits an intrinsic spin Nernst effect when inversion symmetry is broken on the axes parallel to both the applied temperature gradient and the direction of spin transport, which can result in a spin injection across the insulator/metal interface. Furthermore, our paper provides a general derivation of a symmetry-breaking-induced spin Nernst effect, which may open a path to engineering a finite spin Nernst effect in systems where it would otherwise not arise.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Revisiting superconductivity in the extended one-band Hubbard model: Pairing via spin and charge fluctuations

The leading superconducting instabilities of the two-dimensional extended repulsive one-band Hubbard model within spin-fluctuation pairing theory depend sensitively on electron density, band, and interaction parameters. We map out the phase diagrams within a random-phase-approximation spin- and charge-fluctuation approach, and find that while B 1g (d x 2 –y 2 ) and B 2g (d xy ) pairing dominates in the absence of repulsive longer-range Coulomb interactions V NN , the latter induces pairing in other symmetry channels, including, e.g., A 2g (g-wave), nodal A 1g (extended s-wave), or nodal E u (p-wave) spin-triplet superconductivity. At the lowest temperatures, transition boundaries in the phase diagrams between symmetry-distinct spin-singlet orders generate complex time-reversal symmetry broken superpositions. By contrast, we find that boundaries between singlet and triplet regions are characterized by first-order transitions. Finally, motivated by recent photoemission experiments, we have determined the influence of an additional explicitly attractive nearest-neighbor interaction, V NN < 0, on the superconducting gap structure. Furthermore, depending on the electronic filling, such an attraction boosts E u (p-wave) spin-triplet or B 1g (d x 2 –y 2 ) spin-singlet ordering.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Development of the self-consistent approximation and its application to the problem of magnetoelastic resonance in an inhomogeneous medium

Our previously proposed approximation involving both the first and second terms of the expansion of the vertex function is generalized to the system of two interacting wavefields of different physical nature. A system of self-consistent equations for the matrix Green’s function and matrix vertex function is derived. On the basis of this matrix generalization of the new self-consistent approximation, a theory of magnetoelastic resonance is developed for a ferromagnetic model, where the magnetoelastic coupling parameter ε(x) is inhomogeneous. Equations for magnetoelastic resonance are analyzed for one-dimensional inhomogeneities of the coupling parameter. The diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the matrix Green’s function of the system of coupled spin and elastic waves are calculated with the change in the ratio between the average value ε and rms fluctuation Δε of the coupling parameter between waves from the homogeneous case (ε ≠ 0, Δε = 0) to the extremely randomized case (ε = 0, Δε ≠ 0) at various correlation wavenumbers of inhomogeneities k{sub c}. For the limiting case of infinite correlation radius (k{sub c} = 0), in addition to approximate expressions, exact analytical expressions corresponding to the summation of all diagrams of elements of the matrix Green’s function are obtained. The results calculated for an arbitrary k{sub c} value in the new self-consistent approximation are compared to the results obtained in the standard self-consistent approximation, where only the first term of the expansion of the vertex function is taken into account. It is shown that the new approximation corrects disadvantages of the Green’s functions calculated in the standard approximation such as the dome shape of resonances and bends on the sides of resonance peaks. The appearance of a fine structure of the spectrum in the form of a narrow resonance on the Green’s function of spin waves and a narrow antiresonance on the Green’s function of elastic waves, which was previously predicted in the standard self-consistent approximation, is confirmed. With an increase in the parameter k{sub c}, the Green’s functions calculated in the standard and new approximations approach each other and almost coincide with each other at k{sub c}/k ≥ 0.5. At the same time, the results of this work indicate that the new self-consistent approximation has a certain advantage for studying the problems of stochastic radiophysics in media with long-wavelength inhomogeneities (small k{sub c} values), because it describes both the shape and width of peaks much better than the standard approximation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Probing putative orbital differentiation effects via Eu 2+ spin dynamics in Sr 1-x Eu x Fe 2 As 2

Here, in this work, we report x-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electron spin resonance (ESR) in single crystals of Sr 1-x Eu x Fe 2 As 2 . We observed a breakdown of the previously reported scaling between the Eu 2+ Korringa relaxation rate obtained from ESR and the spin density wave temperature evolution for Sr-rich samples. This result suggests a distinct evolution of the orbital differentiation of the Fe 3d bands along the Sr-based series when compared to the Ba counterpart. We argue that this difference is related to a larger splitting between the structural (tetragonal-to-orthorhombic) and the Fe-driven spin density wave transitions induced by Eu doping in this series. In fact, our results indicate that the two transitions follow an opposite x-Eu dependence for Sr-concentrated samples. Our work shows that Sr 1-x Eu x Fe 2 As 2 series and the comparison with their Ba-based counterparts are exciting platforms to be explored for understanding the interplay among orbital differentiation, magnetism, and structural distortions in the iron pnictides

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Versatile module for experiments with focussing neutron guides

We report the development of a versatile module that permits fast and reliable use of focussing neutron guides under varying scattering angles. A simple procedure for setting up the module and neutron guides is illustrated by typical intensity patterns to highlight operational aspects as well as typical parasitic artefacts. Combining a high-precision alignment table with separate housings for the neutron guides on kinematic mounts, the change-over between neutron guides with different focussing characteristics requires no readjustments of the experimental setup. Exploiting substantial gain factors, we demonstrate the performance of this versatile neutron scattering module in a study of the effects of uniaxial stress on the domain populations in the transverse spin density wave phase of single crystal Cr.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Coincident structural and magnetic order in BaFe 2 ( As 1 - x P x ) 2 revealed by high-resolution neutron diffraction

We present neutron dffraction analysis of BaFe 2 (As 1-x P x ) 2 over a wide temperature (10 to 300 K) and compositional (0.11 < x < 0.79) range, including the normal state, the magnetically ordered state, and the superconducting state. The paramagnetic to spin-density wave and orthorhombic to tetragonal transitions are first order and coincident within the sensitivity of our measurements (~ 0:5 K). Extrapolation of the orthorhombic order parameter down to zero suggests that structural quantum criticality cannot exist at compositions higher than x = 0.28, which is much lower than values determined using other methods, but in good agreement with our observations of the actual phase stability range. Lastly, the onset of spin-density wave order shows a stronger structural anomaly than the charge-doped system in the form of an enhancement of the c/a ratio below the transition.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Direct coupled-channels deperturbation analysis of the A{sup 1}Σ{sup +} ∼ b{sup 3}Π complex in LiCs with experimental accuracy

We have carried out the direct deperturbation analysis of about 780 rovibronic term values of the strongly spin-orbit (SO) coupled A{sup 1}Σ{sup +} and b{sup 3}Π states of the {sup 7}Li{sup 133}Cs molecule recorded by polarization labelling spectroscopy technique. The explicit A{sup 1}Σ{sup +} ∼ b{sup 3}Π{sub Ω=0,1,2} coupled-channels treatment allowed us to reproduce 95% experimental term values with a standard deviation of 0.05 cm{sup −1} which is close to the accuracy of the present experiment. The initial potential energy curves (PECs) of the mutually perturbed states and SO matrix elements were ab initio evaluated in the basis of the spin-averaged wave functions. The empirically refined PECs and SO functions, along with the theoretical transition dipole moments, were used to predict energy and radiative properties of the A ∼ b complex for low J levels of both {sup 7}Li{sup 133}Cs and {sup 6}Li{sup 133}Cs isotopologues. The reasonable candidates for the stimulated Raman transitions between initial Feshbach resonance states, the mixed levels of the A ∼ b complex, and absolute ground X{sup 1}Σ{sup +} (v = 0 and J = 0) state were identified.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Interpretation of thermal conductivity in LaFeAsO at low temperatures

Thermal conductivity κ(T) of LaFeAsO is theoretically investigated below the spin density wave (SDW) anomaly. The lattice contribution to the thermal conductivity (κ{sub ph}) is discussed within the Debye-type relaxation rate approximation in terms of the acoustic phonon frequency and relaxation time below 150 K. The theory is formulated when heat transfer is limited by the scattering of phonons from defects, grain boundaries, charge carriers, and phonons. The lattice thermal conductivity dominates in LaFeAsO and is an artifact of strong phonon-impurity and -phonon scattering mechanism. Our result indicates that the maximum contribution comes from phonon scatters and various thermal scattering mechanisms provide a reasonable explanation for maximum appeared in κ (T)

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Optical and photoemission investigation of structural and magnetic transitions in the iron-based superconductor Sr 0.67 Na 0.33 Fe 2 As 2

We report the temperature-dependent optical conductivity and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies of the multiband iron-based superconductor Sr 0.67 Na 0.33 Fe 2 As 2 . Measurements were made in the high-temperature tetragonal paramagnetic phase, below the structural and magnetic transitions at $T_N$ $≃$ 125 K in the orthorhombic spin-density-wave (SDW)-like phase and $T_r$ $≃$42 K in the reentrant tetragonal double-Q magnetic phase where both charge and SDWorder exist, and below the superconducting transition at $T_c$ $≃$ 10 K. The free-carrier component in the optical conductivity is described by two Drude contributions: one strong and broad and the other weak and narrow. The broad Drude component decreases dramatically below TN and Tr , with much of its strength being transferred to a bound excitation in the midinfrared, while the narrow Drude component shows no anomalies at either of the transitions, actually increasing in strength at low temperature while narrowing dramatically. The behavior of an infrared-active mode suggests zone folding below Tr. Below Tc the dramatic decrease in the low-frequency optical conductivity signals the formation of a superconducting energy gap. ARPES reveals holelike bands at the center of the Brillouin zone (BZ), with both electron- and holelike bands at the corners. Below $T_N$, the hole pockets at the center of the BZ decrease in size, consistent with the behavior of the broad Drude component; however, below $T_r$ the electronlike bands shift and split, giving rise to a low-energy excitation in the optical conductivity at $≃$20 meV. The $C_2$ and $C_4$ magnetic states, with resulting spin-density-wave and charge-SDW order, respectively, lead to a significant reconstruction of the Fermi surface that has profound implications for the transport originating from the electron and hole pockets but appears to have relatively little impact on the superconductivity in this material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗