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At least 811 records · Page 45

Digital Assurance for High Consequence Systems: 2024 Mission Campaign White Paper

This Sandia National Laboratories Mission Campaign (MC) seeks to create the technical basis that allows national leaders to efficiently assess and manage the digital assurance of high consequence systems. We will call for transformative research that enables efficient (1) development of provably secure systems and secure integration of untrusted products, (2) intelligent threat mitigation, and (3) digital risk-informed engineering trade-offs. Ultimately, this MC will impact multiple national security missions; it will develop an informed Digital Assurance for High Consequence Systems (DAHCS) community and expand Sandia partnerships to build this national capability.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Resource Adequacy for State Utility Regulators: Current Practices and Emerging Reforms

This report was developed by staff in the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) Center for Partnerships and Innovation (CPI). Additional support was provided from commissioners, commission staff, and other technical experts to provide foundational information for state utility regulators on the evolving nature of resource adequacy for the electric system. With the changing nature of the system, state commissioners will continue to play a vital role in their respective jurisdictions. Their roles in overseeing resource decisions are growing in complexity, with consideration for customer costs, state and federal environmental requirements, extreme weather events, fuel supply limitations, generation retirements, shifting requirements for system operators, and growing levels of intermittent and energy-limited resources (e.g., wind, solar, and battery storage). Reliability concerns continue to be an urgent and immediate priority for utility regulators in most parts of the United States. The information in this report is designed to support state commissioners and their respective staff members as they navigate an evolving resource adequacy landscape to maintain reliability amidst a rapidly changing system.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Kotzebue Strategic Energy Plan

The Kotzebue Strategic Energy Plan outlines a community-driven roadmap to reduce reliance on imported diesel, lower energy costs, and build a resilient energy future for Kotzebue, Alaska. Developed in 2024-2025 through the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Technology Innovation Partnership Project (ETIPP), the plan was led by the Native Village of Kotzebue in collaboration with Kotzebue Electric Association, the City of Kotzebue, the Northwest Arctic Borough, NANA Regional Corporation, and regional partners.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

The Successful Transfer of Space Derived Convergent Spray Technology(TM): An Application for Industrial Roof Coatings and Interstate Bridge Repair

Although the levels of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from industrial roof coatings and paint operations have been reduced in recent years, the roof coating partnership was an effort to further reduce VOC emission levels and to also demonstrate the use of reclaimed automobile tire rubber as a filler material in roof coating systems. Different materials and coatings were evaluated and tested before the final selection was used to coat the roofs of two small buildings at NASA's MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center) during fiscal year 1997. The primary objective of the Bridge repair partnership was to strategically leverage public and private sector funds for the purpose of developing a bridge repair process that was cheaper, better, and faster than conventional methods. It was also, imperative that this process be environmentally friendly and capable of performing under extreme conditions for a period of not less than 2 years.

McMillan, Vernotto↗

National Rocket Propulsion Materials Plan: A NASA, Department of Defense, and Industry Partnership

NASA, Department of Defense, and rocket propulsion industry representatives are working together to create a national rocket propulsion materials development roadmap. This "living document" will facilitate collaboration among the partners, leveraging of resources, and will be a highly effective tool for technology development planning. The structuring of the roadmap, and development plan, which will combine the significant efforts of the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) Program, and NASA's Integrated Space Transportation Plan (ISTP), is being lead by the IHPRPT Materials Working Group (IMWG). The IHPRPT Program is a joint DoD, NASA, and industry effort to dramatically improve the nation's rocket propulsion capabilities. This phased program is structured with increasingly challenging goals focused on performance, reliability, and cost to effectively double rocket propulsion capabilities by 2010. The IHPRPT program is focused on three propulsion application areas: Boost and Orbit Transfer (both liquid rocket engines and solid rocket motors), Tactical, and Spacecraft. Critical to the success of this initiative is the development and application of advanced materials, processes, and manufacturing technologies. NASA's ISTP is a comprehensive strategy focusing on the aggressive safety, reliability, and affordability goals for future space transportation systems established by the agency. Key elements of this plan are the 2 nd and 3 d Generation Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV). The affordability and safety goals of these generational systems are, respectively, 10X cheaper and 100X safer by 2010, and 100X cheaper and 10,000X safer by 2025. Accomplishment of these goals requires dramatic and sustained breakthroughs, particularly in the development and the application of advanced material systems. The presentation will provide an overview of the IHPRPT materials initiatives, NASA's 2nd and 3 rd Generation RLV propulsion materials projects, and the approach for the development of the national rocket propulsion materials roadmap.

Clinton, Raymond G., Jr.↗

NASA Laboratory Analysis for Manned Exploration Missions

The Exploration Laboratory Analysis (ELA) project supports the Exploration Medical Capability Element under the NASA Human Research Program. ELA instrumentation is identified as an essential capability for future exploration missions to diagnose and treat evidence-based medical conditions. However, mission architecture limits the medical equipment, consumables, and procedures that will be available to treat medical conditions during human exploration missions. Allocated resources such as mass, power, volume, and crew time must be used efficiently to optimize the delivery of in-flight medical care. Although commercial instruments can provide the blood and urine based measurements required for exploration missions, these commercial-off-the-shelf devices are prohibitive for deployment in the space environment. The objective of the ELA project is to close the technology gap of current minimally invasive laboratory capabilities and analytical measurements in a manner that the mission architecture constraints impose on exploration missions. Besides micro gravity and radiation tolerances, other principal issues that generally fail to meet NASA requirements include excessive mass, volume, power and consumables, and nominal reagent shelf-life. Though manned exploration missions will not occur for nearly a decade, NASA has already taken strides towards meeting the development of ELA medical diagnostics by developing mission requirements and concepts of operations that are coupled with strategic investments and partnerships towards meeting these challenges. This paper focuses on the remote environment, its challenges, biomedical diagnostics requirements and candidate technologies that may lead to successful blood-urine chemistry and biomolecular measurements in future space exploration missions.

Laboratory Analysis↗

SERVIR Presentation for the Hyperwall at the ESRI International Users Conference

From space, we can view our planet in new ways. As a joint initiative of NASA and USAID working in partnership with leading regional organizations, SERVIR connects space to village by helping people in developing countries use that view to gain knowledge and insights about their environments. We teach regional decision-makers to use Earth observation satellite data, Geographic Information Systems, and predictive models for addressing issues such as water and land use, natural disasters, agricultural problems, biodiversity conservation, and more to improve the lives, livelihoods, safety, and future of the people in their countries.

Irwin, Dan↗

Space Biosciences Division

In the Space Biosciences Division at NASA's Ames Research Center, we perform the biological research and technology development necessary to tackle the challenges of living in the extreme environments of space and to enable NASA's long-term human exploration mission. This brochure provides a broad overview for our research and development capabilities, several case study examples, and finally real-world applications and collaborative partnerships.

Lim, Christina C.↗

The NEID Port Adapter on-Sky Performance

Here we detail the on-sky performance of the NEID Port Adapter one year into full science operation at the WIYN 3.5m Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. NEID is an optical (380-930 nm), fiber-fed, precision Doppler radial velocity system developed as part of the NASA-NSF Exoplanet Observational Research (NN-EXPLORE) partnership. The NEID Port Adapter mounts directly to a bent-Cassegrain port on the WIYN Telescope and is responsible for precisely and stably placing target light on the science fibers. Precision acquisition and guiding is a critical component of such extreme precision spectrographs. In this work, we describe key on-sky performance results compared to initial design requirements and error budgets. While the current Port Adapter performance is more than sufficient for the NEID system to achieve and indeed exceed its formal instrumental radial velocity precision requirements, we continue to characterize and further optimize its performance and efficiency. This enables us to obtain better NEID datasets and in some cases, improve the performance of key terms in the error budget needed for future extreme precision spectrographs with the goal of observing ExoEarths, requiring ∼ 10 cm/s radial velocity measurements.

Sarah E. Logsdon↗

Summary of INL Integrated Energy Systems Research for the Global National Laboratories Consortium on IES

The DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) program on Integrated Energy Systems (IES) is led by researchers at Idaho National Laboratory (INL), and work is conducted in partnership with an array of other DOE laboratories, industry, and academia. IES research and development activities are additionally complimented by the DOE-NE Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program, where work under the Flexible Plant Operations & Generation pathway supports analysis of opportunities for non-electric applications of current fleet nuclear plants and collaborates with multiple plants on near-term hydrogen production demonstration opportunities. The DOE-NE programs additionally partner with the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office under the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy to jointly fund the development of analysis tools, technologies, and nuclear-integrated hydrogen demonstration projects. This document provides a brief, high-level summary of IES work as contribution to the annual report for the Global National Laboratories Consortium on IES.

08 HYDROGEN↗

High-Resolution Southeast Asia Wind Resource Data Set

Well informed decision-making is a key part of integrating variable renewable energy into the global energy marketplace. USAID and NREL, through the Advanced Energy Partnership for Asia, are expanding access to critical resource data by providing free, high-fidelity time-series wind resource data for Southeast Asia through the RE Data Explorer platform. This brief highlights the development of the Southeast Asia wind resource data set and discusses the impacts of this data.

Advanced Energy Partnership for Asia↗

CO 2 Storage Site Screening Platform Development and CO 2 Storage Resource Analysis in SECARB Offshore Reservoirs Using SAS Viya

A major goal of the SECARB Offshore Partnership (DE-FE0031557) is to screen deep saline aquifers and hydrocarbon reservoirs in the central Gulf of Mexico for CO 2 sequestration and CO 2 -enhanced oil and gas recovery (EOR/EGR) and estimate the corresponding CO 2 storage resources for select reservoirs. CO 2 storage potential associated with offshore CO 2 -EOR is considerable and likely represents “low hanging fruit” for near-term CO 2 storage given the in-place infrastructure in the region. It is for these reasons that this assessment focuses on oil and gas fields. To this end, three major objectives have been completed and include (1) managing geological data derived from different sources, (2) building a reservoir screening platform for CO 2 storage, and (3) ranking the reservoirs based on the estimated CO 2 storage resources. The SAS ® Viya platform was used for data management and analytics. The Viya platform is a cloud service platform that provides data integration, data management, quick analytics, data visualization, machine learning functions, and application programming interfaces (APIs) for multi-programming languages. Different sources of data containing geologic information, reservoir properties, and EOR/EGR information were collected, cleaned, formatted, and loaded into the SAS ® Viya platform for evaluation. The major geological characteristics of both shelf and deep-water areas of the central Gulf were examined and compared to define the appropriate reservoir screening criteria. Next, a CO 2 storage site screening system was built in the SAS ® Viya platform with the pre-defined criteria. Finally, the CO 2 storage resources of the screened reservoirs were calculated and reported at the BOEM field level to identify fields with the highest estimated CO 2 storage resource. The fields with the largest total estimated CO 2 storage resource are located in the Mississippi Canyon protraction area. Due to proximity to the Mississippi Delta (indicative of less infrastructure) and large estimated CO 2 storage resources, future development activities may wish to focus efforts in the Mississippi Canyon protraction area.

02 PETROLEUM↗

2015 Annual Report for the Flight Opportunities Program

Welcome to this third edition of the Flight Opportunities program annual report. In this edition, we continue our story of pathfinding NASA's role in the partnership with the U.S. commercial space and space technology R&D communities to advance national space interests and develop technologies critical to NASA's future missions. 2015 was the year in which a planned change to our payload solicitation strategy saw its first tangible result. As you might remember from our 2014 annual report, in 2015 we set out to facilitate a more direct interaction between flight providers and technology developers by providing fixed funding awards to researchers to directly purchase the flight service(s) that best meet their needs. The selection and award of the first six REDDI-F1 flight grants to non-U.S. government researchers was an important milestone in this regard. From now on, using the REDDI-F1 solicitation appendix, the program will enable non-U.S. government researchers to directly purchase flight services on the emerging suborbital market. The same (or similar) commercial flight services will be available to NASA and other U.S. government agencies (OGA) through commercial contracts that NASA has established through our program. For the latter, our program is available to provide campaign management services, similar to the role we play(ed) for technology payloads remaining in our pool from earlier selections. The full impact of this broader strategic change will likely become more visible in the years ahead as our legacy pool gets depleted and we have implemented a new NASA- and OGA-specific call for proposals. One observation that can already be made after two rounds of REDDI-F1 solicitations is that through this change, the list of commercial flight service providers of interest to non-U.S. government researchers has grown from five in 2014 to nine in 2015. On the industry development front, our Announcement of Collaborative Opportunities (ACO) solicitation was promoted to an STMD-wide solicitation and released in 2015 in combination with the Tipping Point solicitation. A total of 22 awards was announced in November 2015, 12 of which are ACO awards, and six of these are funded by Flight Opportunities. Through these ACO awards, the program funds NASA technical expertise and NASA test facilities to aid industry partners in maturing key space technologies, in our case focusing on small launch vehicle technology development. Flight test activity in 2015 saw a steady 13 campaigns with 31 payload-flights (29 unique payloads). Thirteen new payloads were selected into the program in FY2015, and 14 payloads completed flight testing, bringing the total number of completed technology demonstration payloads to 69. Overall, we are pleased with the evolution and growth of the Flight Opportunities program and look forward to continued success in our partnership with the technology R&D community and the commercial space sector.

Flight Testing↗

NASA's Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute: Building Collaboration Through International Partnerships

The NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) is a virtual institute focused on research at the intersection of science and exploration, training the next generation of lunar scientists, and community development. As part of the SSERVI mission, we act as a hub for opportunities that engage the larger scientific and exploration communities in order to form new interdisciplinary, research-focused collaborations. This talk will describe the international partnership program, research efforts and how we are engaging the international science and exploration communities through workshops, conferences, online seminars and classes, student exchange programs and internships.

SSERVI International Partnerships↗

The MUSES Satellite Team and Multidisciplinary System Engineering

In a unique partnership between three minority-serving institutions and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a new course sequence, including a multidisciplinary capstone design experience, is to be developed and implemented at each of the schools with the ambitious goal of designing, constructing and launching a low-orbit Earth-resources satellite. The three universities involved are North Carolina A&T State University (NCA&T), University of Texas, El Paso (UTEP), and California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA). The schools form a consortium collectively known as MUSES - Minority Universities System Engineering and Satellite. Four aspects of this project make it unique: (1) Including all engineering disciplines in the capstone design course, (2) designing, building and launching an Earth-resources satellite, (3) sustaining the partnership between the three schools to achieve this goal, and (4) implementing systems engineering pedagogy at each of the three schools. This paper will describe the partnership and its goals, the first design of the satellite, the courses developed at NCA&T, and the implementation plan for the course sequence.

Chen, John C.↗

Developing a Strategic Plan for NASA JSC's Technology Investments

Human space exploration has always been heavily influenced by goals to achieve a specific mission on a specific schedule. This approach drove rapid technology development, the rapidity of which adds risks as well as provides a major driver for costs. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is now approaching the extension of human presence throughout the solar system by balancing a proactive yet less schedule-driven development of technology with opportunistic scheduling of missions as the needed technologies are realized. This approach should provide cost effective, low risk technology development that will enable efficient and effective manned spaceflight missions. As a first step, the NASA Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) has identified a suite of critical technologies needed to support future manned missions across a range of destinations, including in cislunar space, near earth asteroid visits, lunar exploration, Mars space, and Mars exploration. The challenge now is to develop a strategy and plan for technology development that efficiently enables these missions over a reasonable time period, without increasing technology development costs unnecessarily due to schedule pressure, and subsequently mitigating development and mission risks. NASA fs Johnson Space Center (JSC), as the nation's primary center for human exploration, is addressing this challenge through an innovative approach allocating Internal Research and Development funding to projects that have been prioritized using four focus criteria, with appropriate importance weighting. These four focus criteria are the Human Space Flight Technology Needs, JSC Core Technology Competencies, Commercialization Potential, and Partnership Potential. The inherent coupling in these focus criteria have been captured in a database and have provided an initial prioritization for allocation of technology development research funding. This paper will describe this process and this database, and the preliminary technology development prioritization results.

Stecklein, Jonette M.↗

Urban Air Mobility Noise: Current Practice, Gaps, and Recommendations

AN Air Mobility (UAM) is an opportunity for aviation to improve transportation systems across the world. Representative UAM vehicle attributes include electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles that can accommodate up to 6 passengers (or equivalent cargo), are possibly autonomous, perform missions of up to 100 nautical miles at altitudes up to 3000 ft. above ground level, have flight speeds up to 200 knots, and weigh between 800 and 8000 pounds. Along with the many anticipated benefits, there will be noise issues that need to be addressed. In 2018, NASA formed an Urban Air Mobility Noise Working Group (UNWG) to assemble noise experts from industry, universities and government agencies to identify, discuss, and address UAM noise issues. This oral presentation summarizes technology gaps and goals associated with four areas of interest: Tools & Technologies, Ground & Flight Testing, Human Response & Metrics, and Regulation & Policy, and is drawn from a draft white paper [1] by the same title. Tools & Technologies include noise prediction tools and noise reduction technologies that have been developed for conventional rotorcraft and fixed-wing vehicles that may be applicable or need to be modified for UAM. Prediction tools need to be able to account for variable speed rotors and other temporal variation effects that impact community noise. A reprioritization of noise sources needs to be done since UAM vehicles include multiple rotors/propellers, often in proximity to one another and/or the airframe, with dynamic transition, and new noise sources such as electric motors or hybrid-electric propulsion. Scattering and propagation methods need to be developed that include the vehicle components and surfaces near a receiver such as buildings and vertiports. Validation databases are needed to quantify prediction uncertainties. Prediction tools used to evaluate community noise will need source models appropriate for a wide range of UAM vehicles. Existing noise reduction technologies need to be evaluated and new noise reduction technologies should be developed in anticipation of future noise requirements. Although the prediction and treatment of interior cabin noise is a secondary goal, it is recognized that new tools and methods may be needed due to the uniqueness of the vehicle design and the presence of both acoustic and structure-borne loads. Ground & Flight Testing has been a critical part of validating noise reduction technologies and verifying that an air vehicle is ready for certification. UAM vehicles introduce new challenges for test procedures such as different source noise directivity, unsteady sources due to maneuvers, and a variety of takeoff and approach trajectories. The operating environment will be more complex than current aircraft with the introduction of vertiports in populated areas with “urban canyons” making reflections an important part of noise prediction and annoyance. It is expected that new test procedures and measurement methods will be necessary. Consideration will need to be given for both piloted and autonomous operations. Human Response & Metrics may be very different for UAM noise compared to current experience with airport noise. Current metrics used to certify rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft may not be as useful for evaluating UAM noise. Operations at lower altitudes may influence annoyance. Psychoacoustic and community testing will be needed to quantify annoyance and assess appropriate metrics. In addition to conventional noise level metrics, considerations such as audibility and temporal variation of the sound may be required. Differences between indoor or outdoor exposure will have an impact with dependence on urban and residential flight paths. Aircraft noise is currently regulated at a national level and typically involves partnerships with the industry to establish regulations. Regulators realize that current policies and procedures may not be appropriate for some of the emerging air vehicles and new procedures may be needed to address UAM noise. Development of new policies and procedures are needed so that local communities do not hastily attempt to establish their own restrictions that will both limit growth of the market and create an inconsistent and confusing regulatory environment. To expedite this development, it is crucial early measurement data are shared through partnership arrangements to support both noise certification and noise modeling/noise assessment. At the same time, an effective engagement strategy should be developed to address local community noise issues associated with UAM vehicles and flight operations as they arise.

urban air mobility↗

San Diego Urban Development: Utilizing NASA Earth Observations to Identify Drivers of Extreme Urban Heat and Generate a High-Resolution Vulnerability Index for Urban Planning and Climate Resiliency in San Diego, California

Exposure to heat exacerbated by an increase in urbanization as well as increasing global temperatures has become a growing concern for cities and their residents. Excess heat can cause increased heat-related morbidity, mortality, and energy costs. Vulnerability to heat-related illnesses is oftentimes correlated to demographics, socioeconomic status, and pre-existing health conditions. The City of San Diego, California boasts 1.4 million residents and, like many other major cities, has experienced increases in heat-related hospitalizations and mortality. The burden of urban heat is also not equal amongst communities; areas with lower income and communities of color bear a disproportionate burden. In partnership with the City of San Diego, and American Geophysical Union’s (AGU) Thriving Earth Exchange, the DEVELOP team used Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), and ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) imagery to identify areas of highest heat based on land surface temperature from 2015-2020. Our analyses showed that health demographics such as obesity and cardiovascular health were the strongest indicators for heat vulnerability. In addition, various inputs (land use/land cover, tree canopy, and building intensity derived from the City of San Diego data along with albedo from Landsat 8) were used in the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) urban cooling model to investigate changes in cooling rates in current and future scenarios for the city. The model results showed that cooling is expected to occur due to a 5% increase in tree canopy. The City of San Diego can use these results to inform the development of the Climate Resilient San Diego plan and prioritize at-risk communities for cooling interventions.

John Dialesandro↗