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At least 811 records · Page 45
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Power corrections to TMD factorization for Z-boson production

A typical factorization formula for production of a particle with a small transverse momentum in hadron-hadron collisions is given by a convolution of two leading-twist TMD parton densities with cross section of production of the final particle by the two partons. For practical applications at a given transverse momentum, though, one should estimate at what momenta the power corrections to TMD factorization formula due to higher-twist operators become essential. In this paper we calculate the first power corrections to TMD factorization formula for Z-boson production and Drell-Yan process in high-energy hadron-hadron collisions. At the leading order in Nc power corrections are expressed in terms of leading-twist TMDs by QCD equations of motion.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Asymptotic behavior of meson transition form factors

One of the open issues in evaluations of the contribution from hadronic light-by-light scattering to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (g - 2)µ concerns the role of heavier scalar, axial-vector, and tensormeson intermediate states. The coupling of axial vectors to virtual photons is suppressed for small virtualities by the Landau–Yang theorem, but otherwise there are few rigorous constraints on the corresponding form factors. In this paper, we first derive the Lorentz decomposition of the two-photon matrix elements into scalar functions following the general recipe by Bardeen, Tung, and Tarrach. Based on this decomposition, we then calculate the asymptotic behavior of the meson transition form factors from a light-cone expansion in analogy to the asymptotic limits for the pseudoscalar transition form factor derived by Brodsky and Lepage. Finally, we compare our results to existing data as well as previous models employed in the literature.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Two-loop MHV form factors from the periodic Wilson loop

We discuss how to compute maximal-helicity-violating (MHV) form factors for the chiral part of the stress-tensor supermultiplet from periodic light-like polygon Wilson loops in planar $\mathcal{N}$ = 4 super Yang-Mills theory beyond the one-loop level. We show that the periodicity imposes path ordering on points on different edges, which explains the appearance of square roots coming from non-planar Feynman diagrams. Taking such diagrams into account, we provide the integrand of the two-loop n-particle MHV form factor, compute all diagrams, prove the cancellation of divergences and finally compute the two-loop 5-particle and 6-particle form factors as examples.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Next-to-leading power endpoint factorization and resummation for off-diagonal “gluon” thrust

The lack of convergence of the convolution integrals appearing in next-to-leading-power (NLP) factorization theorems prevents the applications of existing methods to resum power-suppressed large logarithmic corrections in collider physics. We consider thrust distribution in the two-jet region for the flavour-nonsinglet off-diagonal contribution, where a gluon-initiated jet recoils against a quark-antiquark pair, which is power-suppressed. With the help of operatorial endpoint factorization conditions, we obtain a factorization formula, where the individual terms are free from endpoint divergences in convolutions and can be expressed in terms of renormalized hard, soft and collinear functions in four dimensions. This allows us to perform the first resummation of the endpoint-divergent SCETI observables at the leading logarithmic accuracy using exclusively renormalization-group methods. The presented approach relies on universal properties of the soft and collinear limits and may serve as a paradigm for the systematic NLP resummation for other 1 → 2 and 2 → 1 collider physics processes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Information loss, mixing and emergent type III 1 factors

A manifestation of the black hole information loss problem is that the two-point function of probe operators in a large Anti-de Sitter black hole decays in time, whereas, on the boundary CFT, it is expected to be an almost periodic function of time. We point out that the decay of the two-point function (clustering in time) holds important clues to the nature of observable algebras, states, and dynamics in quantum gravity. We call operators that cluster in time “mixing” and explore the necessary and sufficient conditions for mixing. The information loss problem is a special case of the statement that in type I algebras, there exists no mixing operators. We prove that, in a thermofield double state (KMS state), if mixing operators form an algebra (close under multiplication), the resulting algebra must be a von Neumann type III 1 factor. In other words, the physically intuitive requirement that all nonconserved operators should exponentially mix is so strong that it fixes the observable algebra to be an exotic algebra called a type III1 factor. More generally, for an arbitrary out-of-equilibrium state of a general quantum system (von Neumann algebra), we show that if the set of operators that mix under modular flow forms an algebra, it is a type III1 von Neumann factor.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Flavoured axions in the tail of B q → μ+μ- and B → γ* form factors

We discuss how LHC di-muon data collected to study B q → μμ can be used to constrain light particles with flavour-violating couplings to b -quarks. Focussing on the case of a flavoured QCD axion, a , we compute the decay rates for B q → μμa and the SM background process B q → μμγ near the kinematic endpoint. These rates depend on non-perturbative B q → γ (*) form factors with on- or off-shell photons. The off-shell form factors — relevant for generic searches for beyond-the-SM particles — are discussed in full generality and computed with QCD sum rules for the first time. This includes an extension to the low-lying resonance region using a multiple subtracted dispersion relation. With these results, we analyse available LHCb data to obtain the sensitivity on B q → μμa at present and future runs. We find that the full LHCb dataset alone will allow to probe axion-coupling scales of the order of 10 6 GeV for both b → d and b → s transitions. As a spin-off application of the off-shell form factors we further analyse the case of light, Beyond the Standard Model, vectors.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Small- x factorization from effective field theory

We derive a factorization theorem that allows for resummation of small-x logarithms by exploiting Glauber operators in the soft collinear effective field theory. Our analysis is carried out for the hadronic tensor W μν in deep inelastic scattering, and leads to the definition of a new gauge invariant soft function S μν that describes quark and gluon emission in the central region. This soft function provides a new framework for extending resummed calculations for coefficient functions to higher logarithmic orders. Our factorization also defines impact factors by universal collinear functions that are process independent, for instance being identical in small-x DIS and Drell-Yan.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors of charged particles in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

We report the measured transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of primary charged particles from pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$$_{NN}$ = 5.02 TeV in the kinematic range of 0.15 < $p_T$ < 50 GeV/$c$ and |$η$| < 0.8. A significant improvement of systematic uncertainties motivated the reanalysis of data in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}$$_{NN}$ = 2.76 TeV, as well as in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}$$_{NN}$ = 5.02 TeV, which is also presented. Spectra from Pb-Pb collisions are presented in nine centrality intervals and are compared to a reference spectrum from pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. For central collisions, the $p_T$ spectra are suppressed by more than a factor of 7 around 6–7 GeV/$c$ with a significant reduction in suppression towards higher momenta up to 30 GeV/$c$. The nuclear modification factor $R_p$Pb, constructed from the pp and p-Pb spectra measured at the same collision energy, is consistent with unity above 8 GeV/$c$. While the spectra in both pp and Pb-Pb collisions are substantially harder at $\sqrt{s}$$_{NN}$ = 5.02 TeV compared to 2.76 TeV, the nuclear modification factors show no significant collision energy dependence. The obtained results should provide further constraints on the parton energy loss calculations to determine the transport properties of the hot and dense QCD matter.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

A new approach to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with QED and QCD factorization

We present the details of a new factorized approach to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering which treats QED and QCD radiation on equal footing, and provides a systematically improvable approximation to the extraction of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. We demonstrate how the QED contributions can be well approximated by collinear factorization, and illustrate the application of the factorized approach to QED radiation in inclusive scattering. For semi-inclusive processes, we show how radiation effects prevent a well-defined “photon-nucleon” frame, forcing one to use a two-step process to account for the radiation. We illustrate the utility of the new method by explicit application to the spin-dependent Sivers and Collins asymmetries.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dijet impact factor in DIS at next-to-leading order in the Color Glass Condensate

In this work, we compute the next-to-leading order impact factor for inclusive dijet production in deeply inelastic electron-nucleus scattering at small x Bj . Our computation, performed in the framework of the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory, includes all real and virtual contributions in the gluon shock wave background of all-twist lightlike Wilson line correlators. We demonstrate explicitly that the rapidity evolution of these correlators, to leading logarithmic accuracy, is described by the JIMWLK Hamiltonian. When combined with the next-to-leading order JIMWLK Hamiltonian, our results for the impact factor improve the accuracy of the inclusive dijet cross-section to \( \mathcal{O} \) ( \( {\alpha}_s^2 \) ln( x f /x Bj )), where x f is a rapidity factorization scale. These results are an essential ingredient in assessing the discovery potential of inclusive dijets to uncover the physics of gluon saturation at the Electron-Ion Collider.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

CGC factorization for forward particle production in proton-nucleus collisions at next-to-leading order

Within the Color Glass Condensate effective theory, we reconsider the next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation of the single inclusive particle production at forward rapidities in proton-nucleus collisions at high energy. Focusing on quark production for definiteness, we establish a new factorization scheme, perturbatively correct through NLO, in which there is no ‘rapidity subtraction’. That is, the NLO correction to the impact factor is not explicitly separated from the high-energy evolution. Our construction exploits the skeleton structure of the (NLO) Balitsky-Kovchegov equation, in which the first step of the evolution is explicitly singled out. The NLO impact factor is included by computing this first emission with the exact kinematics for the emitted gluon, rather than by using the eikonal approximation. This particular calculation has already been presented in the literature, but the reorganization of the perturbation theory that we propose is new. As compared to the proposal in, our scheme is free of the fine-tuning inherent in the rapidity subtraction, which might be the origin of the negativity of the NLO cross-section observed in previous studies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Effect of Environmental Factors on Total Arsenic Accumulation in Sarcodia suiae, Rhodophyta

Little is known about the effects of environmental factors on total arsenic (TAs) accumulation in marine Rhodophyta. The effects of five environmental factors (temperature, light intensity, pH, exposure duration, and phosphate) at various As(III) concentrations were investigated in Sarcodia suiae. The highest TAs accumulations were recorded at 25°C, a luminance of 80 µmol photons m{sup −2} s{sup −1}, and a pH of 8. TAs uptake increased significantly over time. However, a higher phosphate concentration reduced TAs accumulation. These data show that the extent of TAs accumulation depends on various environmental factors. Hence, our results suggest a potential in arsenic recovery process in wastewater treatments. S. suiae may provide a new means of reducing levels of arsenic in contaminated water and may be used as a potential Rhodophyta model for investigating other types of heavy metal pollution in future.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Investigating Commercial Cellulase Performances Toward Specific Biomass Recalcitrance Factors Using Reference Substrates

Three commercial cellulase preparations, Novozymes Cellic® Ctec2, Dupont Accellerase® 1500, and DSM Cytolase CL, were evaluated for their hydrolytic activity using a set of reference biomass substrates with controlled substrate characteristics. It was found that lignin remains a significant recalcitrance factor to all the preparations, although different enzyme preparations respond to the inhibitory effect of lignin differently. Also, different types of biomass lignin can inhibit cellulose enzymes in different manners. Enhancing enzyme activity toward biomass fiber swelling is an area significantly contributing to potential improvement in cellulose performance. While the degree of polymerization of cellulose in the reference substrates did not present a major recalcitrance factor to Novozymes Cellic® Ctec2, cellulose crystallite has been shown to have a significant lower reactivity toward all enzyme mixtures. The presence of polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs) in Novozymes Ctec2 appears to enhance enzyme activity toward decrystallization of cellulose. This study demonstrated that reference substrates with controlled chemical and physical characteristics of structural features can be applied as an effective and practical strategy to identify cellulosic enzyme activities toward specific biomass recalcitrance factor(s) and provide specific targets for enzyme improvement.

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory↗
DOE OSTI2019

The yield and patient factors associated with CT colonography C-RADS results in a non-screening patient population

Objectives: To determine the proportion of diagnostic computed tomography colonography (CTC) Reporting and Data System (C-RADS) categories in a non-screening population, and which patient factors are associated with a positive CTC (C2–4), a non-diagnostic CTC (C0), and potentially relevant extracolonic findings (ECF, E3–4). Methods: Diagnostic CTCs performed at a single academic center from 2017 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. For each examination, the indications, age, sex, admission status, and C-RADS categories were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was performed of patient demographic factors and clinical indications, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: 1373 CTCs were included. The mean age was 66.4 ± 13 years (range 24–97). There were 782 women and 75 inpatients. The number of CTCs reported as C0–C4 were 194/1373 (14.1%), 970/1373 (70.6%), 77/1373 (5.6%), 86/1373 (6.3%), and 46/1373 (3.4%), respectively, and 134/1373 (9.8%), 960/1373 (69.9%), 173/1373 (12.6%), and 106/1373 (7.7%) CTCs were reported as E1–4, respectively. Factors that demonstrated the strongest associations were as follows: with C2–4, age groups 50–79 (OR 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.4–6.1), 80–89 (6.2, 2.9–14.5) and ≥ 90 (7.6, 2.0–29.1), and inpatients (3.4, 1.8–6.4); with C0, age groups 50–79 (5.9, 2.2–24.4), 80–89 (9.8, 3.4–41.8), and ≥ 90 (22.5, 5.8–113.0), incomplete colonoscopy (3.2, 2.0–5.1) and melena or gastrointestinal bleeding (4.1, 1.8–9.4); and with E3–4, age groups 50–79 (1.6, 1.0–2.9), 80–89 (2.0, 1.1–3.9), and ≥ 90 (3.2, 1.2–8.8), and inpatients (2.3, 1.3–3.9). Conclusion: Older age is increasingly associated with a positive test, a non-diagnostic test and potentially relevant ECF. Inpatients are also associated with positive tests and E3–4 findings. Symptoms are not strongly associated with a positive CTC.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage: Predictive Factors of Need for Embolic Material Conversion of Gelatin Sponge Particles to N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate

PurposeTo identify predictive factors for embolic material conversion to N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for the treatment of primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after failed transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using gelatin sponge (GS).Materials and MethodsInstitutional review board approval was obtained. We retrospectively studied 62 consecutive women with primary PPH who underwent TAE between January 2006 and March 2015. Five of them were excluded for the following: cardiopulmonary arrest at arrival (n = 1), uterine inversion (n = 1), and hysterectomy after TAE (n = 3). Remaining 57 women (age range, 21–43 years; mean, 32.6 years) comprised study population. TAE was initially performed using GS in all cases and then converted to NBCA after two embolizations using GS with persistent hemodynamic instability or vaginal bleeding. The patients’ background, uterine height, vital signs, laboratory tests, disseminated intravascular coagulation score, and details of procedure were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors related to embolic material conversion.ResultsTechnical success rate was 100%. Fourteen patients (25%) needed embolic material conversion to NBCA. Univariate analysis showed that uterine height, systolic blood pressure (sBP), and hemoglobin level were significantly related to embolic material conversion to NBCA (P = 0.029, 0.030, and 0.042). Logistic regression analysis showed that uterine height (odds ratio, 1.37; P = 0.025) and sBP (odds ratio, 0.96; P = 0.003) were associated with embolic material conversion to NBCA.ConclusionUterine height and sBP can be predictive factors for embolic material conversion to NBCA for the treatment of PPH.Level of EvidenceLevel 4, Case Control Study.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Distal Edge Stenosis After Stent Placement for Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection: Mechanisms and Risk Factor Analysis

Purpose: To analyze factors potentially associated with the occurrence of distal edge stenosis after stent placement for isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD). Materials and Methods: Cases of consecutive patients who were diagnosed with spontaneous ISMAD between February 2010 and July 2018 were retrospectively identified. Of the 123 cases identified, 45 patients (42 men; three women) underwent endovascular stent placement and were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess factors potentially associated with distal edge stenosis. Results: The technical success rate among study patients was 100%. During 26.7 ± 17.3 months of follow-up, CT angiography demonstrated good distal edge patency in 25 patients (55.6%) and evidence of distal edge stenosis in 20 patients (44.4%). In univariate analysis, stent length (odds radio [OR] 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01, 1.06; P = .02), stent-to-vessel (S/V) diameter ratio (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.35, 3.82; P < .01), and angulation at the distal edge (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.00, 1.10; P =.03) were significantly associated with distal edge stenosis; only S/V diameter ratio (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.41, 7.99; P < .01) and angulation at the distal edge (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.01, 1.23; P =.03) retained this significance in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Distal edge stenosis after stent placement for ISMAD is common. S/V diameter ratio and angulation at the distal edge are independent risk factors for distal edge stenosis in patients with ISMAD who undergo stent placement.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Risk Factors of Infection and Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Totally Implantable Venous Access Port Placement: Propensity Score Matching

Background: To evaluate risk factors of infection and effectiveness of preprocedural single-dose intravenous prophylactic antibiotic (PABX) during totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) placement in preventing procedure-related infections. Methods: This was a retrospective single-institution multicenter study evaluating short-term (30-day) infection outcomes after TIVAP placement. Correlation between infection rates and clinical factors, including hematologic versus non-hematologic malignancy, inpatient versus outpatient status, single versus double lumen and PABX, was investigated using univariate and multivariable analysis in the overall study population as well as the propensity-score-matched cohort. Results: Overall, 5967 patients underwent TIVAP placement from 2005 to 2016, of which 3978 (67%) patients received PABX. On propensity score matching, 1952 patients with PABX were matched to the same number of patients without PABX. TIVAP was removed due to infection concern in 48 patients in unmatched and 30 patients in matched population. There was no difference in the rate of infection between those who received PABX and those who did not in both unmatched and matched population (p = 0.5387 and 0.9999). Although infection rate was significantly higher in patients who had TIVAP placement in inpatient setting (p < 0.0001), who received a double-lumen TIVAP (p < 0.0001), or who had hematologic malignancy (p = 0.0004) on univariate analysis, inpatient status was the sole factor associated with higher rate of TIVAP infection on multivariable analysis of both overall (odds ratio 2.31, p < 0.0001) and matched populations (odds ratio 4.36, p = 0.0004). Conclusion: Placement of TIVAP in inpatient setting increases the risk of TIVAP infection. PABX before TIVAP placement does not prevent short-term procedure-related infections.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

The SEEL motif and members of the MYB-related REVEILLE transcription factor family are important for the expression of LORELEI in the synergid cells of the Arabidopsis female gametophyte

Synergid cells in the micropylar end of the female gametophyte are required for critical cell–cell signaling interactions between the pollen tube and the ovule that precede double fertilization and seed formation in flowering plants. LORELEI (LRE) encodes a putative GPI-anchored protein that is expressed primarily in the synergid cells, and together with FERONIA, a receptor-like kinase, it controls pollen tube reception by the receptive synergid cell. Still, how LRE expression is controlled in synergid cells remains poorly characterized. We identified candidate cis-regulatory elements enriched in LRE and other synergid cell-expressed genes. One of the candidate motifs (‘TAATATCT’) in the LRE promoter was an uncharacterized variant of the Evening Element motif that we named as the Short Evening Element-like (SEEL) motif. Deletion or point mutations in the SEEL motif of the LRE promoter resulted in decreased reporter expression in synergid cells, demonstrating that the SEEL motif is important for expression of LRE in synergid cells. Additionally, we found that LRE expression is decreased in the loss of function mutants of REVEILLE (RVE) transcription factors, which are clock genes known to bind the SEEL and other closely related motifs. Here, we propose that RVE transcription factors regulate LRE expression in synergid cells by binding to the SEEL motif in the LRE promoter. Identification of cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors involved in the expression of LRE will serve as a foundation to characterize the gene regulatory networks in synergid cells.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗