A comparison of cooldown time between internally coated and uncoated propellant lines.
Low temperature engine suction line response to fluid exposed internal surface coating, determining effects of varying flow rates
CRYOGENIC PROPELLANT↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “cooling system”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Chemical fractionations in meteorites. I.
Condensation history of cooling gas of cosmic composition, stressing chondrite fractionation patterns
COSMIC GAS↗
Controlled cooling during high rates of work.
Energy expenditure in space suits studied for controlled cooling during high work rates
ENERGY DISSIPATION↗
Spacecraft radio
Mechanical and electrical design data on electrostatically focused amplifier with radiation-cooled collector system
Source record↗
Causes, measurement, and elimination of fuel element fission product leakage at the NASA Plum Brook reactor
Source and cause of fuel element fisson product leakage in reactor cooling water system at Plum Brook Reactor
Bricklen, R. H.↗
Emergency Evaporative Coolant Garment System/Liquid-Cooled Garment /EECGS/LCG/, phase 2 Final report
Emergency evaporative coolant liquid cooled garment system
Bitterly, J. G.↗
MHD power generation - State of the art and prospects for advanced nuclear applications
Magnetohydrodynamic generator development and applications in radiating power plants, propellant-cooled propulsion systems, and industry
Rosa, R. J.↗
Membrane evaporator/sublimator investigation
Data are presented on a new evaporator/sublimator concept using a hollow fiber membrane unit with a high permeability to liquid water. The aim of the program was to obtain a more reliable, lightweight and simpler Extra Vehicular Life Support System (EVLSS) cooling concept than is currently being used.
Elam, J.↗
Self-vapor cooled targets for production of I-123 at high current accelerators
The basic elements of the vapor cooled target system are shown. This system can be operated as a heat pipe or as a conventional condenser. The choice of target fluid is based on the specific nuclear reaction chosen to produce Xe-123. The reaction using I-127 was studied and shown to have a significant yield for bombarding energies from 47 to 63 MeV. The Cs-133 reaction is also included. Xenon-123 is applied to I-123 production in a purer form for thyroid studies.
Blue, J. W.↗
Summary of drag clean-up tests in NASA Langley full-scale tunnel
This summary of drag results presents tabulations on fighter aircraft and light twin general aviation aircraft wind tunnel tests. The figures show that the friction drag for light twins is larger than that for the fighters because of the greater wetted area and the smaller wing area used for reference. Full scale tunnel tests developed the following design features contributing to excessive drag: cooling flow system, engine exhaust stacks, landing gears, control surface gaps, and wing irregularities and leakages.
Mckinney, M. O.↗
The Identification of Scientific Programs to Utilize the Space Environment
A program to identify and develop ideas for scientific experimentation on the long duration exposure facility (LDEF) was completed. Four research proposals were developed: (1) Ultra pure germanium gamma ray radiation detectors in the space environment, intended to develop and demonstrate an X-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy system incorporating a temperature cyclable high-purity germanium detector and diode heat pipe cryogenic system for cooling, (2) growth, morphogenesis and metabolism of plant embryos in the zero-gravity environment, to investigate if the space environment induces mutations in the embryogenic cells so that mutants of commercial significance with desirable attributes may be obtained, (3) effect of zero gravity on the growth and pathogenicity of selected zoopathic fungi. It is possible that new kinds of treatment for candidiasis, and tichophytosis could eventuate from the results of the proposed studies, and (4) importance of gravity to survival strategies of small animals. Gravitational effects may be direct or mediate the selection of genetic variants that are preadapted to weightlessness.
Kulacki, F. A.↗
Cryostat system for temperatures on the order of 2 deg K or less
A cryostat system for cooling a device to a temperature on the order of 2 K or less includes a dewar, in which helium, in other than the superfluid state, is stored. Helium flows from the dewar through a heat exchanger tube and a restrictor tube, which controls the helium flow rate, into the cavity of a heat exchanger, to whose outer wall the device to be cooled is attached. A pressure regulator value controls the pressure in the cavity to be very low. As the helium exits the restrictor tube into the cavity, due to low pressure cavity, it becomes an aerosol mixture of helium gas and superfluid helium droplets at the desired temperature. The latter form a thin layer or film of superfluid helium on the inner side of the heat exchanger wall and thereby cool the device, which is attached to the wall to the desired temperature.
Miller, C. G.↗
Cryogenics for spacecraft
It is pointed out that cryogenic engineering has been an integral part of space research almost from the beginning of the space age because of the significant performance advantages available from cryogenically fueled rocket engines. In recent years, space-related cryogenic engineering has expanded from booster engines to include spacecraft systems because of the vastly improved performance available from cooled detectors and systems. The requirements for detector cooling in space are examined, taking into account earth observation, atmospheric measurements, infrared astronomy, X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, radio astronomy, relativity measurements, magnetic field measurements, time measurements, and data processing. A description is presented of 1978-1981 U.S. spacecraft cryogenic detector systems.
Vorreiter, J. W.↗
Depriming of arterial heat pipes: An investigation of CTS thermal excursions
Four thermal excursions of the Transmitter Experiment Package (TEP) were the result of the depriming of the arteries in all three heat pipes in the Variable Conductance Heat Pipe System which cooled the TEP. The determined cause of the depriming of the heat pipes was the formation of bubbles of the nitrogen/helium control gas mixture in the arteries during the thaw portion of a freeze/thaw cycle of the inactive region of the condenser section of the heat pipe. Conditions such as suction freezeout or heat pipe turn-on, which moved these bubbles into the active region of the heat pipe, contributed to the depriming mechanism. Methods for precluding, or reducing the probability of, this type of failure mechanism in future applications of arterial heat pipes are included.
Antoniuk, D.↗
Images of single X-ray photons from X-ray phosphor screens
Photographs show the efficiency and resolution characteristics of single X-ray photons converted to optical photons in a variety of commercial X-ray phosphor screens. The recording system uses a cooled, two-stage image intensifier system with fiber optics coupling to the phosphor screen. High efficiencies in the energy range 20-100 keV with position resolution of the order 200 microns are readily achievable, although the sensitive area is presently limited. Potential applications include X-ray astronomy, high-speed X-ray diffractometry, and extremely low dose radiography.
Fishman, G. J.↗
Magnetism and thermal evolution of the terrestrial planets
The absence in the cases of Venus and Mars of the substantial intrinsic magnetic fields of the earth and Mercury is considered, in light of thermal history calculations which suggest that, while the cores of Mercury and the earth are continuing to freeze, the cores of Venus and Mars may still be completely liquid. It is noted that completely fluid cores, lacking intrinsic heat sources, are not likely to sustain thermal convection for the age of the solar system, but cool to a subadiabatic, conductive state that cannot maintain a dynamo because of the gravitational energy release and the chemically driven convection that accompany inner core growth. The models presented include realistic pressure- and composition-dependent freezing curves for the core, and material parameters are chosen so that correct present-day values of heat outflow, upper mantle temperature and viscosity, and inner core radius, are obtained for the earth.
Stevenson, D. J.↗
Correlation of thermophoretically-modified small particle diffusional deposition rates in forced convection systems with variable properties, transpiration cooling and/or viscous dissipation
A cooled object (heat exchanger tube or turbine blade) is considered to be immersed in a hot fluid stream containing trace amounts of suspended vapors and/or small particles. Numerical prediction calculations were done for self-similar laminar boundary layers and law-of-the-wall turbulent boundary layers. Correlations are presented for the effect of thermophoresis in the absence of transpiration cooling and viscous dissipation; the effect of real suction and blowing in the absence of thermophoresis; the effect of viscous dissipation on thermophoresis in the absence of transpiration cooling; and the combined effect of viscous dissipation and transpiration cooling on thermophoresis. The final correlation, St/St-sub-zero, is insensitive to particle properties, Euler number, and local mainstream temperature.
Gokoglu, S. A.↗
Magnetic refrigeration for low-temperature applications
The application of refrigeration at low temperatures ranging from production of liquid helium for medical imaging systems to cooling of infrared sensors on surveillance satellites is discussed. Cooling below about 15 K with regenerative refrigerators is difficult because of the decreasing thermal mass of the regenerator compared to that of the working material. In order to overcome this difficulty with helium gas as the working material, a heat exchanger plus a Joule-Thomson or other exponder is used. Regenerative magnetic refrigerators with magnetic solids as the working material have the same regenerator problem as gas refrigerators. This problem provides motivation for the development of nonregenerative magnetic refrigerators that span approximately 1 K to approximately 0 K. Particular emphasis is placed on high reliability and high efficiency. Calculations indicate considerable promise in this area. The principles, the potential, the problems, and the progress towards development of successful 4 to 20 K magnetic refrigerators are discussed.
Barclay, J. A.↗