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At least 811 records · Page 45

Temperature effects of ion irradiation on the nanostructural features in ductile-phase-toughened tungsten composites

Ductile-phase toughened tungsten (DPT W) composites have emerged as promising candidates for load-bearing components behind the plasma-facing tungsten armor in fusion reactors due to their enhanced thermomechanical properties. This study focuses on a composite consisting of W particles embedded in a ductile NiFeW solution matrix, hot-rolled to a thickness reduction of 87% (87R DPT W). Sequential irradiations with Ni2+ and He+ ions were performed to identical doses and helium concentrations at room temperature (RT) and 1273 K. Irradiation at RT produced no discernible nanostructural features due to the immobility of mono-vacancies, whereas cavity formation was observed at 973 K. At 1273 K, the W phase exhibited larger cavities, reduced cavity number density, and lower volumetric swelling compared to 973 K. Notably, nanosized NiFeW precipitates formed within the W phase at 1273 K, a phenomenon absent at 973 K. A new phase of cubic (NiFe)6W6C was also observed at the interphase boundary. In contrast, the NiFeW matrix showed no nanostructural changes at 1273 K, likely due to cavity dissociation. Separate irradiations at 1273 K indicated that Ni2+ ions induced precipitate formation in the W phase, while He+ ions exclusively caused cavity formation. The microstructure of 87R DPT W irradiated at RT and subsequently annealed at 1273 K closely resembled that of material irradiated directly at 1273 K. Like oxide-dispersion-strengthened steels, the observed nanoparticle-embedded W can inhibit dislocation propagation, potentially delaying the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. These findings highlight the potential of NiFeW nanoparticle-reinforced W composites as irradiation-resistant materials for fusion reactors.

Jiang, Weilin (ORCID:0000000183028313)↗

Power and isotope effects in the ITER baseline scenario with tungsten and tungsten-equivalent radiators in DIII-D

Abstract Experiments in DIII-D document the ITER Baseline Scenario (IBS) at q 95 ∼ 3 and P IN / P LH ∼ 1–2, in both deuterium and hydrogen utilizing Kr and Xe as Tungsten-equivalent radiators. The power threshold for H-mode operation ( P LH ) was determined experimentally without added impurities and found to be about a factor of two higher than the scaling law. In recent IBS experiments in deuterium, intrinsic levels of metals such as Tungsten (W) or molybdenum and inconel are present that reduce the pedestal pressure by 20%–25%. A complete radiative collapse of deuterium IBS plasmas occurs at W core concentrations C W = 10 −5 . Simulations show that for core temperatures expected for ITER, the plasmas would not have a radiative collapse at C W = 1 × 10 −5 , moreover Q = 8–10 would still be achieved for C W up to 3 × 10 −5 . In contrast to deuterium, the IBS in hydrogen is not affected by intrinsic high-Z impurities, indicating that hydrogen H-modes in ITER may not inform the D-T phase with respect to W accumulation and discharge survival. Compared to deuterium, the pedestal pressure in hydrogen is ∼25% lower, with much higher ELM frequency of 150 Hz, decreasing with input power. Krypton was injected in a matrix scan of input power and impurity flow in IBS hydrogen discharges. Krypton impurity density profiles in hydrogen are similar to deuterium plasmas, but at Kr flows that are 2–3 times higher for the same input power. Krypton is transported into the core and affects the whole radius; at the highest injection rates a radiative collapse occurs at core radiation fractions of 0.3–0.35, consistent with the expected maximum W radiation fraction for ITER core plasmas. Comparing the results with previous International Tokamak Physics Activity database studies of the IBS confirms that at higher radiation fraction due to high-Z impurities, a drop in H 98 of >10% is observed. On the other hand, the results using Kr as a W-equivalent radiator indicate that metal (W) devices at lower core temperatures than ITER may provide overly pessimistic performance extrapolations to ITER for deuterium-tritium operation. The new DIII-D results support a more attractive option for the ITER Research Plan with a short hydrogen phase for system commissioning, transitioning to deuterium operations as soon as possible to provide relevant conditions for deuterium-tritium operations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Simulation-based cosmological inference with wavelet harmonics, scattering transforms, and moments of weak lensing mass maps. II. cosmological results

Here, we present a simulation-based cosmological analysis using a combination of Gaussian and non-Gaussian statistics of the weak lensing mass (convergence) maps from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey. We implement the following: (1) second and third moments; (2) wavelet phase harmonics; (3) the scattering transform. Our analysis is fully based on simulations, spans a space of seven 𝑤 Cold Dark Matter (𝑤⁢ CDM) cosmological parameters, and forward models the most relevant sources of systematics inherent in the data: masks, noise variations, clustering of the sources, intrinsic alignments, and shear and redshift calibration. We implement a neural network compression of the summary statistics, and we estimate the parameter posteriors using a simulation-based inference approach. Including and combining different non-Gaussian statistics is a powerful tool that strongly improves constraints over Gaussian statistics (in our case, the second moments); in particular, the figure of merit (𝑆 8 , Ω m ) is improved by 70% (Λ ⁢CDM) and 90% (𝑤 ⁢CDM). When all the summary statistics are combined, we achieve a 2% constraint on the amplitude of fluctuations parameter 𝑆 8 ≡ 𝜎 8 ⁢(Ω m /0.3) 0.5 , obtaining 𝑆 8 = 0.794 ±0.017 (Λ⁢ CDM) and 𝑆 8 = 0.817 ±0.021 (𝑤 ⁢CDM), and a ∼10% constraint on Ω m , obtaining Ω m =0.259 ±0.025 (Λ ⁢CDM) and Ω m = 0.273 ±0.029 (𝑤⁢ CDM). In the context of the 𝑤⁢ CDM scenario, these statistics also strengthen the constraints on the parameter 𝑤, obtaining 𝑤 <−0.72. The constraints from different statistics are shown to be internally consistent (with a 𝑝-value>0.1 for all combinations of statistics examined). We compare our results to other weak lensing results from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey data, finding good consistency; we also compare with results from external datasets, such as planck constraints from the cosmic microwave background, finding statistical agreement, with discrepancies no greater than <2.2⁢𝜎.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

The effectiveness of D 2 pellet and gas injection in reducing intra-ELM tungsten erosion and heat flux in the DIII-D small angle slot divertor

Edge localized modes (ELMs) in H-mode plasmas can melt and erode plasma-facing components (PFCs) and lead to impurities in the core, reducing confinement. This study analyzes the use of D 2 pellet and gas injection for ELM mitigation on the DIII-D tokamak during the 2022 Small Angle Slot V-shaped Tungsten (W) (SAS-VW) divertor campaign, reducing W erosion and heat flux during ELMs. D α (656 nm) and WI (400.9 nm) filterscopes and Langmuir probes provide photon emission and electron density/temperature to estimate W atom erosion using the S/XB method, while surface eroding thermocouples measured ELM peak heat flux at the outer strike point (OSP). Thomson Scattering measurements of pedestal T e and n e provided input to predict W divertor erosion and heat flux during ELMs via the Free-Streaming plus Recycling Model (FSRM). While a greater D 2 mass injection rate decreased the ELM peak heat flux, the impact on W erosion was not monotonic. The average ‘large’ intra-ELM W erosion was lower for plasma shots with D 2 mass injection compared to the plasma shots without any D 2 mass injection in the SAS-VW divertor. However, plasma shots did not see significant changes in ‘large’ intra-ELM W divertor erosion as the D 2 mass injection rate increased. On average, the FSRM overestimated SAS-VW experimental intra-ELM W erosion by a factor of 6.9, but the overestimation is reduced to a factor of 3.6 with the implication of C deposition effects. Generally, experimentally measured and predicted quantities were worse for plasma shots with a lower D 2 mass injection rate and corresponding higher plasma carbon (C) impurity percentage (f C ). The discrepancies are postulated to be due to C/W material mixing, for which a simple analytic mixed-material model is presented. These results highlight the importance of incorporating and improving the robustness of a mixed-material layer model in the analysis of PFC erosion on present and future tokamak devices.

Carbon (C)↗

Materials Data on W2N by Materials Project

W2N crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of three W2N sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are two inequivalent W sites. In the first W site, W is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent N atoms. All W–N bond lengths are 2.10 Å. In the second W site, W is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N atom. The W–N bond length is 1.97 Å. N is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four W atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on W6CCl18 by Materials Project

W6CCl18 is Magnesium structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two W6CCl18 clusters. W+3.67+ is bonded to one C4- and five Cl1- atoms to form a mixture of face, edge, and corner-sharing WCCl5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. The W–C bond length is 2.17 Å. There are three shorter (2.40 Å) and two longer (2.44 Å) W–Cl bond lengths. C4- is bonded in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometry to six equivalent W+3.67+ atoms. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W+3.67+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.67+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.67+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaW6CCl18 by Materials Project

NaW6CCl18 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to six equivalent Cl1- atoms to form NaCl6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent WCCl5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. All Na–Cl bond lengths are 2.98 Å. W+3.50+ is bonded to one C4- and five Cl1- atoms to form WCCl5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaCl6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent WCCl5 octahedra, edges with two equivalent WCCl5 octahedra, and a faceface with one WCCl5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–48°. The W–C bond length is 2.17 Å. There are a spread of W–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.46 Å. C4- is bonded in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometry to six equivalent W+3.50+ atoms. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na1+ and one W+3.50+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.50+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.50+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaW6NCl18 by Materials Project

NaW6NCl18 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to six equivalent Cl1- atoms to form NaCl6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent WNCl5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. All Na–Cl bond lengths are 2.99 Å. W+3.33+ is bonded to one N3- and five Cl1- atoms to form WNCl5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaCl6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent WNCl5 octahedra, edges with two equivalent WNCl5 octahedra, and a faceface with one WNCl5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–48°. The W–N bond length is 2.18 Å. There are a spread of W–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.47 Å. N3- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na1+ and one W+3.33+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent W+3.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on W2NCl8 by Materials Project

W2NCl8 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of one W2NCl8 ribbon oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. W+5.50+ is bonded to one N3- and five Cl1- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WNCl5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. The W–N bond length is 1.83 Å. There are a spread of W–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.68 Å. N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent W+5.50+ atoms. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W+5.50+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent W+5.50+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W+5.50+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W+5.50+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on LiW6CCl18 by Materials Project

LiW6CCl18 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to six equivalent Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent WCCl5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 46°. All Li–Cl bond lengths are 2.78 Å. W+3.50+ is bonded to one C4- and five Cl1- atoms to form WCCl5 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiCl6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent WCCl5 octahedra, edges with two equivalent WCCl5 octahedra, and a faceface with one WCCl5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–46°. The W–C bond length is 2.16 Å. There are a spread of W–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.46 Å. C4- is bonded in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometry to six equivalent W+3.50+ atoms. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.50+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one W+3.50+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.50+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent W+3.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Rb6U2W4O21 by Materials Project

Rb6U2W4O21 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twelve inequivalent Rb1+ sites. In the first Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.25 Å. In the second Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.30 Å. In the third Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.89–3.57 Å. In the fourth Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.08 Å. In the fifth Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.42 Å. In the sixth Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.35 Å. In the seventh Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.31 Å. In the eighth Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.54 Å. In the ninth Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.74–3.17 Å. In the tenth Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.48 Å. In the eleventh Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.31 Å. In the twelfth Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.55 Å. There are four inequivalent U6+ sites. In the first U6+ site, U6+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted UO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one UO7 pentagonal bipyramid, corners with three WO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one WO5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.49 Å. In the second U6+ site, U6+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted UO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one UO7 pentagonal bipyramid and corners with four WO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.48 Å. In the third U6+ site, U6+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted UO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one UO7 pentagonal bipyramid, corners with three WO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one WO5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.46 Å. In the fourth U6+ site, U6+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted UO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one UO7 pentagonal bipyramid and corners with four WO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.50 Å. There are eight inequivalent W6+ sites. In the first W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form WO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–1.85 Å. In the second W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form WO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.78–1.84 Å. In the third W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form WO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–1.84 Å. In the fourth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form WO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–1.83 Å. In the fifth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form WO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–1.83 Å. In the sixth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted WO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–1.87 Å. In the seventh W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form WO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–1.83 Å. In the eighth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted WO5 trigonal bipyramids that share edges with two UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–2.05 Å. There are forty-two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one U6+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+ and two U6+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Rb1+ and one U6+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one U6+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, two U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Rb1+ and one U6+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ and one U6+ atom. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one U6+ atom. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Rb1+ and one U6+ atom. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the thirty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the thirty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the thirty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the thirty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the thirty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the thirty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one U6+ atom. In the thirty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Rb1+ and one W6+ atom. In the fortieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the forty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one U6+, and one W6+ atom. In the forty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Rb1+ and one W6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Te2W3(CO)15 by Materials Project

W3Te2(CO)6(CO)9 is Magnesium tetraboride-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_12_12 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of thirty-six formaldehyde molecules and four W3Te2(CO)6 clusters. In each W3Te2(CO)6 cluster, there are two inequivalent W+4.67+ sites. In the first W+4.67+ site, W+4.67+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Te2- atom. The W–Te bond length is 2.83 Å. In the second W+4.67+ site, W+4.67+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Te2- atoms. Both W–Te bond lengths are 3.00 Å. There are three inequivalent C+1.33+ sites. In the first C+1.33+ site, C+1.33+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+1.33+ site, C+1.33+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te2- and one O2- atom. The C–Te bond length is 3.06 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+1.33+ site, C+1.33+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two W+4.67+, one C+1.33+, one Te2-, and two O2- atoms. The Te–Te bond length is 2.78 Å. There are one shorter (3.42 Å) and one longer (3.81 Å) Te–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.33+ and one Te2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.33+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.33+ and one Te2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Fe7P12WO48 by Materials Project

WFe7P12O48 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. W is bonded to six O atoms to form WO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.93 Å) and three longer (1.94 Å) W–O bond length. There are seven inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.04 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.00 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.00 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.02 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.01 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.03 Å. In the seventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.00 Å. There are twelve inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one WO6 octahedra and corners with three FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–27°. There is three shorter (1.52 Å) and one longer (1.59 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–33°. There is three shorter (1.53 Å) and one longer (1.54 Å) P–O bond length. In the third P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–32°. There is one shorter (1.53 Å) and three longer (1.54 Å) P–O bond length. In the fourth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one WO6 octahedra and corners with three FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–33°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.60 Å. In the fifth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–33°. There is one shorter (1.53 Å) and three longer (1.54 Å) P–O bond length. In the sixth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–26°. There is two shorter (1.53 Å) and two longer (1.54 Å) P–O bond length. In the seventh P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–26°. There is two shorter (1.53 Å) and two longer (1.54 Å) P–O bond length. In the eighth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one WO6 octahedra and corners with three FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–35°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.60 Å. In the ninth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one WO6 octahedra and corners with three FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 9–37°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.60 Å. In the tenth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one WO6 octahedra and corners with three FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 15–33°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.61 Å. In the eleventh P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 10–32°. There is two shorter (1.53 Å) and two longer (1.54 Å) P–O bond length. In the twelfth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one WO6 octahedra and corners with three FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 19–28°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.59 Å. There are forty-eight inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the nineteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twentieth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-first O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one W and one P atom. In the twenty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirtieth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-first O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-second O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one W and one P atom. In the thirty-third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one W and one P atom. In the thirty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one W and one P atom. In the thirty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fortieth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-first O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-second O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one W and one P atom. In the forty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one W and one P atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on WN2 by Materials Project

WN2 is Brookite-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent W6+ sites. In the first W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–63°. There are a spread of W–N bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.36 Å. In the second W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–63°. There are a spread of W–N bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.37 Å. In the third W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–63°. There are a spread of W–N bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.37 Å. In the fourth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–63°. There are a spread of W–N bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.37 Å. In the fifth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–63°. There are a spread of W–N bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.37 Å. In the sixth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–63°. There are a spread of W–N bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.37 Å. In the seventh W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–63°. There are a spread of W–N bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.35 Å. In the eighth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing WN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–63°. There are a spread of W–N bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.36 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the fifth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the sixth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the seventh N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the eighth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the ninth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the tenth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the eleventh N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the twelfth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the thirteenth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the fourteenth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the fifteenth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms. In the sixteenth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three W6+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Te2MoW3(SeS2)2 by Materials Project

WTe2MoSe2(WS2)2 is Molybdenite-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one MoSe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; two WS2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; and one WTe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the MoSe2 sheet, Mo6+ is bonded to six equivalent Se2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing MoSe6 pentagonal pyramids. All Mo–Se bond lengths are 2.54 Å. Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mo6+ atoms. In each WS2 sheet, W+3.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WS6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–S bond lengths are 2.45 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the WTe2 sheet, W+3.33+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WTe6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–Te bond lengths are 2.71 Å. There are two inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Te2MoW3(Se2S)2 by Materials Project

MoTe2(WSe2)2WS2 is Molybdenite-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one MoTe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; one WS2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; and two WSe2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the MoTe2 sheet, Mo6+ is bonded to six equivalent Te2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing MoTe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are three shorter (2.70 Å) and three longer (2.71 Å) Mo–Te bond lengths. Te2- is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mo6+ atoms. In the WS2 sheet, W+3.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WS6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–S bond lengths are 2.46 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In each WSe2 sheet, W+3.33+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are three shorter (2.55 Å) and three longer (2.56 Å) W–Se bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Te4MoW3S4 by Materials Project

WTe2MoTe2(WS2)2 is Molybdenite-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one MoTe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; two WS2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; and one WTe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the MoTe2 sheet, Mo6+ is bonded to six equivalent Te2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing MoTe6 pentagonal pyramids. All Mo–Te bond lengths are 2.71 Å. Te2- is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mo6+ atoms. In each WS2 sheet, W+3.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WS6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–S bond lengths are 2.46 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the WTe2 sheet, W+3.33+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WTe6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–Te bond lengths are 2.72 Å. There are two inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Te2MoW3(SeS2)2 by Materials Project

WTe2MoSe2(WS2)2 is Molybdenite-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one MoSe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; two WS2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; and one WTe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the MoSe2 sheet, Mo6+ is bonded to six equivalent Se2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing MoSe6 pentagonal pyramids. All Mo–Se bond lengths are 2.54 Å. Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mo6+ atoms. In each WS2 sheet, W+3.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WS6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–S bond lengths are 2.45 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the WTe2 sheet, W+3.33+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WTe6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–Te bond lengths are 2.71 Å. There are two inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W+3.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗