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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 811 records · Page 45
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2012

PheniX: A New Vision for the Hard X-ray Sky

We are proposing a mission devoted to high energy X-ray astronomy that is based on a focusing telescope operating in the 1-200 keV energy range but optimized for the hard X-ray range. The main scientific topics concern: Physics of compact objects: The proximity of compact objects provides a unique laboratory to study matter and radiation in extreme conditions of temperature and density in strong gravitational environment. The emission of high energy photons from these objects is far from being understood. The unprecedented sensitivity in the high energy domain will allow a precise determination of the non-thermal processes at work in the vicinity of compact objects. The full 1-200 keV energy coverage will be ideal to disentangle the emission processes produced in the spacetime regions most affected by strong-gravity, as well as the physical links: disk-thermal emission-iron line-comptonisation-reflection-non-thermal emission-jets. Neutron stars-magnetic field-cyclotron lines: Time resolved spectroscopy (and polarimetry) at ultra-high sensitivity of AXP, milliseconds pulsars and magnetars will give new tools to study the role of the synchrotron processes at work in these objects. Cyclotron lines-direct measurement of magnetic filed-equation of state constraints-short bursts-giant flares could all be studied with great details. AGN: The large sensitivity improvement will provide detailed spectral properties of the high energy emission of AGN's. This will give a fresh look to the connection between accretion and jet emission and will provide a new understanding of the physical processes at work. Detection of high-redshift active nuclei in this energy range will allow to introduce an evolutionary aspect to high-energy studies of AGN, probing directly the origin of the Cosmic X-ray Background also in the non-thermal range (> 20 keV). Element formation-Supernovae: The energy resolution achievable for this mission (<0.5 keV) and a large high energy effective area are ideally suited for the 44Ti line study (68 and 78 keV). This radioactive nuclei emission will give an estimate of their quantities and speed in their environment. In addition the study of the spatial structure and spectral emission of SNR will advance our knowledge of the dynamics of supernovae explosions, of particles acceleration mechanisms and how the elements are released in the interstellar medium. Instrumental design: The progress of X-ray focusing optics techniques allows a major step in the instrumental design: the collecting area becomes independent of the detection area. This drastically reduces the instrumental background and will open a new era. The optics will be based on depth-graded multi-layer mirrors in a Wolter I configuration. To obtain a significant effective area in the hundred of keV range a focal length in the 40-50 meters range (attainable with a deployable mast) is needed. In addition such a mission could benefit from recent progress made on mirror coating. We propose to cover the 1-200 keV energy range with a single detector, a double-sided Germanium strip detector operating at 80 K. The main features will be: (a) good energy resolution (.150 keV at 5 keV and <.5 keV at 100 keV), (b) 3 dimensional event localization with a low number of electronic chains, (c) background rejection by the 3D localization, (d) polarisation capabilities in the Compton regime.

PHENIX↗
NASA NTRS2000

Vision-Guided Autonomous Stair Climbing

The Tactical Mobile Robot (TMR) program calls for autonomous mobility in an urban environment. Among all man-made structures which pose as barriers for a mobile robot, stairs are the most obvious and ubiquitous structure an autonomous urban robot needs to be able to handle.

Mobile↗
DOE OSTI2016

VISION: Illuminating the Pathways to a Clean Energy Economy - JISEA 2016 Annual Report

This report demonstrates JISEA's successes over the past year and previews our coming work. The 2016 Annual Report highlights JISEA accomplishments in low-carbon electricity system research, international collaboration, clean energy manufacturing analysis, 21st century innovation strategy, and more. As we look to the coming year, JISEA will continue to navigate complex issues, present unique perspectives, and envision a clean energy economy.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2015

“Prophetic vision, vivid imagination”: The 1927 Mississippi River flood

The 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River was the most destructive flood in American history, inundating more than 70,000 km 2 of land, resulting in approximately 500 fatalities and leaving more than 700,000 people homeless. Despite the prominence of the 1927 flood, details on the flood, and the storms that produced the flood, are sparse. We examine the hydrometeorology and hydroclimatology of the 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River through downscaling simulations of the storms that were responsible for catastrophic flooding and through empirical analyses of rainfall and streamflow records. We use Twentieth Century Reanalysis fields as boundary conditions and initial conditions for downscaling simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We place the hydrometeorological analyses of the 1927 storms in a hydroclimatological context through analyses of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis fields. Analyses are designed to assess the physical processes that control the upper tail of flooding in the Lower Mississippi River. We compare the 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River to floods in 1937 and 2011 that represent the most extreme flooding in the Lower Mississippi River.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Biorefinery siting and sizing to achieve the US Billion‐Ton Bioeconomy vision: A case study using a gasification–Fischer–Tropsch process

Achieving a secure, abundant, and affordable energy future requires a robust and adaptable energy strategy, with bioenergy playing a pivotal role. Biomass-based energy presents a promising pathway to use domestic resources while fostering economic opportunities in rural areas. Despite the potential to source more than 1 billion dry short tons of biomass annually in the US, significant infrastructure and economic barriers hinder full utilization for energy production. This study used the Biofuel Infrastructure, Logistics, and Transportation (BILT) model to assess biorefinery siting and scale and determine the number and size of facilities required to maximize use of the US biomass potential. A spatially agnostic approach first assessed the effects of facility capacity and transportation constraints on biomass use. Then, a spatially explicit analysis integrated county-level biomass availability from the US Department of Energy's 2023 Billion-Ton Report and technoeconomic assessments to evaluate different biorefinery deployment scenarios. The results indicate that an optimized mix of facility sizes is essential to leverage biomass resources fully across varying regional production densities to maximize use of the US biomass potential. Larger biorefineries or co-located smaller facilities significantly enhance biomass use while reducing costs through economies of scale. These findings underscore the importance of strategically balancing facility capacity and spatial distribution to optimize the bioenergy supply chain. In conclusion, this study provides critical insights for advancing the US bioenergy economy by aligning biorefinery deployment with biomass resource availability and economic viability.

BILT Model↗
DOE OSTI2019

Estimation of full-field, full-order experimental modal model of cable vibration from digital video measurements with physics-guided unsupervised machine learning and computer vision

Cables are critical components for a variety of structures such as stay cables and suspenders of cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges. When in operational service, they are vulnerable to cumulative fatigue damage induced by dynamic loads (e.g., the cyclic vehicle loads and wind excitation). To accurately analyze and predict their dynamics behaviors and performance that could be spatially local and temporal transient, it is essential to perform high-resolution vibration measurements, from which their dynamics properties are identified and, subsequently, a high spatial resolution, full-modal-order dynamics model of cable vibration can be established. In this study, we develop a physics-guided, unsupervised machine learning-based video processing approach that can blindly and efficiently extract the full-field (as many points as the pixel number of the video frame) modal parameters of cable vibration using only the video of an operating (output-only) cable. In particular, by incorporating the physics of cable vibration (taut string model), a novel automated modal motion filtering method is proposed to enable autonomous identification of full-order (as many modes as possible) dynamic parameters, including those weakly excited modes that used to be challenging to identify in operational modal analysis. Therefore, a full-field, full-order modal model of cable vibration is established by the proposed method. Furthermore, this new approach provides a low-cost and noncontact technique to estimate the cable tension using only the video of the vibrating cable where the fundamental frequency is automatically and efficiently estimated to compute the cable tension according to the taut string equation. Laboratory experiments on a bench-scale cable are conducted to validate the developed approach.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Soybean genomics research community strategic plan: A vision for 2024–2028

Abstract This strategic plan summarizes the major accomplishments achieved in the last quinquennial by the soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] genetics and genomics research community and outlines key priorities for the next 5 years (2024–2028). This work is the result of deliberations among over 50 soybean researchers during a 2‐day workshop in St Louis, MO, USA, at the end of 2022. The plan is divided into seven traditional areas/disciplines: Breeding, Biotic Interactions, Physiology and Abiotic Stress, Functional Genomics, Biotechnology, Genomic Resources and Datasets, and Computational Resources. One additional section was added, Training the Next Generation of Soybean Researchers, when it was identified as a pressing issue during the workshop. This installment of the soybean genomics strategic plan provides a snapshot of recent progress while looking at future goals that will improve resources and enable innovation among the community of basic and applied soybean researchers. We hope that this work will inform our community and increase support for soybean research.

Genetics & Heredity↗
DOE OSTI2015

A New Vision for Fusion Energy Research: Fusion Rocket Engines for Planetary Defense

Abstract We argue that it is essential for the fusion energy program to identify an imagination-capturing critical mission by developing a unique product which could command the marketplace. We lay out the logic that this product is a fusion rocket engine, to enable a rapid response capable of deflecting an incoming comet, to prevent its impact on the planet Earth, in defense of our population, infrastructure, and civilization. As a side benefit, deep space solar system exploration, with greater speed and orders-of-magnitude greater payload mass would also be possible.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗