Bidirectional Continuous Coal Miner
Continuous mining machine cuts coal in both directions of travel eliminating downtime caused by retreating across face to start new cut.
Knurovsky, T.↗
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Miner for Cutting Entry Passages in Coal Seams
Coal mining machine cuts swath wider than itself and cuts entry passages into coal seam in one pass.
Knurovsky, T.↗
Resource targets for advanced underground coal extraction systems
Resource targets appropriate for federal sponsorship of research and development of advanced underground coal mining systems are identified. A comprehensive examination of conventional and unconventional coals with particular attention to exceptionally thin and thick seams, steeply dipping beds, and multiple seam geometry was made. The results indicate that the resource of primary importance is flat lying bituminous coal of moderate thickness, under moderate cover, and located within the lower 48 states. Resources of secondary importance are the flat lying multiple seams and thin seams (especially those in Appalachia). Steeply dipping coals, abandoned pillars, and exceptionally thick western coals may be important in some regions of subregions, but the limited tonnage available places them in a position of tertiary importance.
Hoag, J. H.↗
Automatic interpretation of MSS-LANDSAT data applied to coal refuse site studies in southern Santa Catarina State, Brazil
The coal mining district in southeastern Santa Catarina State is considered one of the most polluted areas of Brazil. The author has identified significant preliminary results on the application of MSS-LANDSAT digital data to monitor the coal refuse areas and its environmental consequences in this region.
Parada, N. D. J.↗
Replicating systems concepts: Self-replicating lunar factory and demonstration
Automation of lunar mining and manufacturing facility maintenance and repair is addressed. Designing the factory as an automated, multiproduct, remotely controlled, reprogrammable Lunar Manufacturing Facility capable of constructing duplicates of itself which would themselves be capable of further replication is proposed.
Source record↗
Regression methods for spatial data
The kriging approach, a parametric regression method used by hydrologists and mining engineers, among others also provides an error estimate the integral of the regression function. The kriging method is explored and some of its statistical characteristics are described. The Watson method and theory are extended so that the kriging features are displayed. Theoretical and computational comparisons of the kriging and Watson approaches are offered.
Yakowitz, S. J.↗
Second Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Conference
Participants from state and local governments share experiences in remote sensing applications with one another and with users in the Federal government, universities, and the private sector during technical sessions and forums covering agriculture and forestry; land cover analysis and planning; surface mining and energy; data processing; water quality and the coastal zone; geographic information systems; and user development programs.
Imhoff, M. L.↗
Strength criteria for composite materials (a literature survey)
Literature concerning strength (failure) criteria for composite materials is reviewed with emphasis on phenomenological failure criteria. These criteria are primarily intended to give a good estimation of the safety margin with respect to failure for arbitrary multiaxial stress states. The failure criteria do not indicate the types of fracture that will occur in the material. The collection of failure criteria is evaluated for applicability for the glass reinforced plastics used in mine detectors. Material tests necessary to determine the parameters in the failure criteria are discussed.
Roode, F.↗
The Oklahoma Geographic Information Retrieval System
The Oklahoma Geographic Information Retrieval System (OGIRS) is a highly interactive data entry, storage, manipulation, and display software system for use with geographically referenced data. Although originally developed for a project concerned with coal strip mine reclamation, OGIRS is capable of handling any geographically referenced data for a variety of natural resource management applications. A special effort has been made to integrate remotely sensed data into the information system. The timeliness and synoptic coverage of satellite data are particularly useful attributes for inclusion into the geographic information system.
Blanchard, W. A.↗
Lunar utilization
The resources, techniques, and purposes to which lunar materials could be put are discussed, with attention given to transporting lunar materials to cislunar space for the construction of space manufacturing and habitable facilities. A model molecule, demandite, which represents the mole fraction of all materials used in the U.S. in 1967, is used to assess the lunar resources defined during Apollo missions. It is shown that duplication of the same manufacturing, fuel, and life-support systems in space as those on earth would cost several orders of magnitude more if the materials originated on earth than on the moon. The demandite would be sent into cislunar orbit using linear electric motors. Lunar surface concentrations of pyroxenes, olivine, feldspars, ilmenite, basalts, anorthostatic rocks, and breccias are reviewed, noting that carbon in the regolith is solar-wind derived, while in lunar rocks the carbon is indigenous. Lunar mining techniques are envisioned, especially the capacity to move large masses at 1/6 the effort required on the earth.
Waldron, R. D.↗
Mineralogic information from a new airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner
The thermal IR multispectral scanner (TIMS) has been developed for airborne geologic surveys. The resststrahlen band between 8-11 microns is exhibited by interatomic stretching vibrations of Si and oxygen bound up in the crystal lattice of silicate rocks. The crystal structure of the component minerals influence the depth and position of the detected band. The TIMS has six channels, an 80 deg field of view, and a sensitivity sufficient to detect a noise equivalent change in spectral emissivity of 0.002-0.006. The six bands measured are 8.2-8.6, 8.6-9.0, 9.4-10.2, 10.2-11.2, and 11.2-12.2 microns, using HgCdTe detectors. The data are analyzed with respect to emissivity variations as a function of wavelength, using the component transformation technique called a decorrelation stretch, with spectral differences being displayed as different colors. Sample scenes from Death Valley and the Nevada Cuprite mining district are compared with visible and near-IR color composites of the same areas, revealing the superior distinctions that are available with the TIMS.
Kahle, A. B.↗
Coal-Face Fracture With A Two-Phase Liquid
In new method for mining coal without explosive, two-phase liquid such as CO2 and water, injected at high pressure into deeper ends of holes drilled in coal face. Liquid permeates coal seam through existing microfractures; as liquid seeps back toward face, pressure eventually drops below critical value at which dissolved gas flashvaporizes, breaking up coal.
Collins, E. R., Jr.↗
Pillar-Trimming System
Trimming and reinforcing of coal pillars allows more coal recovery. Conceptual coal-pillar trimming machine use two counterrotating cutting drums to take corners off roof support pillars in coal mines.
Collins, E. R., Jr.↗
Advanced cogeneration research study: Executive summary
This study provides a broad based overview of selected areas relevant to the development of a comprehensive Southern California Edison (SCE) advanced cogeneration project. The areas studied are: (1) Cogeneration potential in the SCE service territory; (2) Advanced cogeneration technologies; and (3) Existing cogeneration computer models. An estimated 3700 MW sub E could potentially be generated from existing industries in the Southern California Edison service territory using cogeneration technology. Of this total, current technology could provide 2600 MW sub E and advanced technology could provide 1100 MW sub E. The manufacturing sector (SIC Codes 20-39) was found to have the highest average potential for current cogeneration technology. The mining sector (SIC Codes 10-14) was found to have the highest potential for advanced technology.
Bluhm, S. A.↗
High-resolution spectra of isotopic methanes near 1645 nm
It is demonstrated that the coincidence between Er:YAG laser emission and CH4 absorption is associated with the R(8) multiplet of C-13H4 instead of the R(6) of C-12H4. The Er:YAG emission was characterized as a laser emission at 6079.4/cm with a bandwidh of 2.2/cm and overlapping CH4 emission at 6078.7/cm. The R(6) component of C-12H4 closest to 6078.7/cm is calculated to be 6077.06/cm, corresponding to an absorption coefficient (AC) of 1.12/cm per atm. The F2-prime component of R(8) of C-13H4 has an AC of 0.308/cm per atm, which corresponds well with a range of 1.2-30.30/cm per atm based on a partial pressure of 1.6/89 ppm. The Er:YAG laser is a candidate for use in spectroscopic studies of CH4 atmospheric pollutants, natural gas movement and storage and gas accumulation in coal mines.
Fox, K.↗
Pointable Auger
Machine drills, crushes, and feeds coal - and seeks out extra-hard inclusions. Auger mounted on gimbal, located at its center of gravity for ease of maneuvering. Opposing hydraulic cylinders cooperate to point auger under control of microprocessor. Its diamond teeth break up coal seam, it crushes coal fed to it by mining machine jaws, and its screw action pushes crushed coal into slurry-forming chamber.
Lewis, E. V.↗
Slurry-Mixing Chamber
Paddles and water jets create uniform, continuous flow. Slurry-mixing chamber on hydrojet-jaw mining machine ensures uniform, continuously flowing slurry of coal particles in water. By mixing coal and water at high speed and keeping resulting slurry in constant motion, chamber prevents slurry from becoming dry semisolid that blocks flow. Also prevents coal particles from settling and caking in bends, corners, and other locations where flow changes in direction or speed.
Lewis, E. V.↗
Side Shield for Wall Support
Method employs curved shield on each side of mining machine. In stowed position, shield folded against roof-support columns on one side. In deployed position, shield raised and braced against coal-seam wall by hydraulic cylinder. Shield supports wall until roof and wall properly secured by bolting and cement coating.
Lewis, E. V.↗