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At least 811 records · Page 45
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Data set management

The data sets currently supported by the Pilot Climate Data System (PCDS) are listed, many of which are Level II and Level III NImbus-7 data sets. Those data sets planned for future access through the PCDS were also listed, and their current installation status was stated. The tasks involved in supporting data sets within the PCDS were identified and described. After a data set is approved for implementation into the system and communication with the data producers is established, the information for the detailed catalog entry is gathered. This information then is reviewed with the scientists involved before producing a catalog summary. Once this is done, the catalog information can be provided to users, even before the data set is installed. The next several tasks involve software development and can prove to be the most time-consuming aspect in the data set support. These tasks can be simplified if the data producers provide complete and accurate documentation of their product. Software for reading and interpreting the data sets is developed and the data sets, or portions therefore, that will be made available for use within the PCDS are inventoried. Users can access this information via the INVENTORY Subsystem of the PCDS.

Reph, M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Practical applications of Landsat data

Some practical applications of Landsat MSS and TM data are discussed, including renewable resource inventory and monitoring; water resources inventory and assessment; and urban land use analysis. Consideration is also given to the geological applications of Landsat MSS and TM data. These applications include: mapping major geological units; rock-type recognition; mapping volcanic surface deposits; and mapping linears. The TM and MSS spectral bands corresponding to the data applications are listed in a table.

Conner, P. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Remote sensing techniques for the detection of soil erosion and the identification of soil conservation practices

The following paper is a summary of a number of techniques initiated under the AgRISTARS (Agriculture and Resources Inventory Surveys Through Aerospace Remote Sensing) project for the detection of soil degradation caused by water erosion and the identification of soil conservation practices for resource inventories. Discussed are methods to utilize a geographic information system to determine potential soil erosion through a USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) model; application of the Kauth-Thomas Transform to detect present erosional status; and the identification of conservation practices through visual interpretation and a variety of enhancement procedures applied to digital remotely sensed data.

Pelletier, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Planetary volatile history - Principles and practice

The history and evolution of planetary volatile inventories are considered. Planetary bulk volatile inventories are greatly affected by the distance from the preplanetary nebula center at which material accreted, with volatile contents increasing with increasing distance from the nebula center. Other significant factors include: planetary energetics and internal thermal history, planetary volatile sinks (including space), and operation of external variables such as solar energy on the transient, steady-state array of surface volatiles. The net result of all these processes is a volatile history that is itself a controlling factor in overall planetary history.

Fanale, F. P.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Volatile degassing of basaltic achondrite parent bodies Evidence from alkali elements and phosphorus

The Na, K, Rb, Cs, and P abundances in eucrites, diogenites, basaltic clasts from polymict eucrite, howardites, and mesosiderites are examined, and compared with an average of highly incompatible refractory (AHIR) elements normalized to cosmic abundances. It is observed that basaltic eucrites and basaltic clasts show a positive correlation between K, Rb, and Cs, and alkali element/AHIR ratios; the volatile loss of the alkali elements from the basalt affects the parent body inventory of volatile elements. The data reveal that for diogenites, the alkali /AHIR ratios are 1.4-2 times greater than in basaltic eucrites and are more variable; and the negative relation between K, Rb, Cs, and the alkali/AHIR ratio correlate with progressive alkali loss through volatile outgassing during crystallization of one or more magmas resulting in a greater than 90 percent loss of the volatile element inventory from the parent body. It is also detected that P displays volatile loss from the basaltic eucrites and elevated P/AHIR ratios in diogenites.

Mittlefehldt, David W.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The trace element chemistry of CaS in enstatite chondrites and some implications regarding its origin

The trace element distribution in oldhamite (CaS) extracted from enstatite chondrites was determined by INAA. Prior to extraction, the petrologic setting of the grains was studied microscopically, and their minor element contents determined by microprobe analysis; samples that displayed a wide range of minor element contents were selected for detailed elementary analysis. Those samples of CaS suspected to be more primitive on the basis of their minor element and petrologic siting contain the entire inventory of the host meteorite's light REE (LREE) and Eu, plus 30-50 percent of the heavy-REE inventory. In less primitive samples, the LREE are less enriched although Eu remains highly concentrated. Several other elements, including lithophiles and chalcophiles, are most enriched in the most primitive CaS. It is suggested that oldhamite played a key role in the redistribution of these elements during the metamorphism and evolution of enstatite-rich material.

Larimer, John W.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The case for a wet, warm climate on early Mars

The conditions under which Mars could have had a warm wet climate during its early evolution are explored by means of numerical simulations, incorporating more accurate data on the opacity of gaseous CO2 and H2O in the solar and thermal spectral regions (McClatchey et al., 1971) into the one-dimensional radiative-convective greenhouse model of Kasting and Ackerman (1986). The results are presented in extensive graphs and characterized in detail, with consideration of atmospheric CO2 loss rates, sources of atmospheric CO2, CO2 partitioning between atmosphere and hydrosphere, the Mars volatile inventory, the CO2 geochemical cycle, climate evolution, and observational tests. It is concluded that greenhouse conditions (requiring atmospheric CO2 of 1-5 bar) could have existed for a period of about 1 Gyr if the total surficial inventory of CO2 was 2-10 bar.

Pollack, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Solar dynamic organic Rankine cycle heat rejection system simulation

The use of a rotary fluid management device (RFMD) and shear flow condenser for two-phase fluid management in microgravity organic Rankine cycle (ORC) applications is examined. A prototype of the proposed Space Station ORC heat rejection system was constructed to evaluate the performance of the inventory control method. The design and operation of the RFMD, shear flow condenser, and inventory control fluid accumulator are described. A schematic diagram of the ORC, RFMD, and condenser, and a functional diagram of the heat rejection system for the ORC are presented.

Havens, V. N.↗
NASA NTRS1988

The California Cooperative Remote Sensing Project

The USDA, the California Department of Water Resources (CDWR), the Remote Sensing Research Program of the University of California (UCB) and NASA have completed a 4-yr cooperative project on the use of remote sensing in monitoring California agriculture. This report is a summary of the project and the final report of NASA's contribution to it. The cooperators developed procedures that combined the use of LANDSAT Multispectral Scanner imagery and digital data with good ground survey data for area estimation and mapping of the major crops in California. An inventory of the Central Valley was conducted as an operational test of the procedures. The satellite and survey data were acquired by USDA and UCB and processed by CDWR and NASA. The inventory was completed on schedule, thus demonstrating the plausibility of the approach, although further development of the data processing system is necessary before it can be used efficiently in an operational environment.

Hlavka, Christine A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

The organized Space Station

Space Station organization designers should consider the onboard stowage system to be an integral part of the environment structured for productive working conditions. In order to achieve this, it is essential to use an efficient inventory control system able to track approximately 50,000 items over a 90-day period, while maintaining peak crew performance. It is noted that a state-of-the-art bar-code inventory management system cannot satisfy all Space Station requirements, such as the location of a critical missing item.

Lew, Leong W.↗
NASA NTRS1989

AdaNET services

MountainNet is a small firm which serves as a distribution center for AdaNET Services. These services include providing host systems and telecommunications for AdaNET, developing and supporting AdaNET Information Services, and developing a dynamic software inventory. AdaNET hosts are a Data General MV8000II and DEC VAX. Telecommunications are provided via the MountainNet private network and the Telenet public access dial network. Initially, the AdaNET Information Services will include software repositories, user communications and forums, software engineering information, bibliographic and library services, and an educational directory. The dynamic software inventory, which will become available in January 1990, will contain software engineering code and parts.

Digman, Michael↗
NASA NTRS1990

Attempting to detect and record brushland in the northeastern United States using MSS data - Schoharie County, N.Y., as a case study

Before county and local governments will utilize satellite data extensively for landcover inventories, digital image processing techniques must be developed to identify transitional land-use conditions and create large-scale, readable land-cover maps. This study examines a satellite-based land-cover inventory done for Schoharie County, New York and reviews the problems encountered in identifying and mapping brushland - a significant transitional land use - within the county and region. Brushland throughout the Northeast represents a barometer for measuring the shift away from agricultural land use to second-home property. Detecting and locating brushland on a regular basis can greatly assist county and local government officials in planning and managing a county's future.

Baumann, Paul R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Space Shuttle Main Engine component assembly, assignment, and scheduling expert system

The SSME's Component Assembly and Life Management Expert System (CALMES) assists the engine assembly and scheduling process, ensuring that these activities utilize available resources with the greatest possible efficiency. On the basis of parts inventories and a proposed flight schedule, CALMES (1) determined how components may be optimally assembled from the parts inventory, (2) assigns components to flights, (3) schedules component testing, and (4) schedules component assembly. A graph-theoretical optimal matching algorithm, based on a modified simplex method, is applied to the major functions required by the SSME component assembly and scheduling processes.

Dietz, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Possible deficiency of large Martian craters and relative cratering of the terrestrial planets

Mars appears to be deficient in large craters relative to Mercury and the Moon. This relative deficiency conflicts with the interpretation of a common population of impactors within the early inner solar system and suggest either of two possibilities. If the apparent deficiency of martian craters is real then the population of impactors at Mars differed significantly from that closer to the Sun. If the apparent deficiency is not real then the complete crater inventory of Mars should be similar to those of Mercury and the Moon, supporting the interpretation of a single population of impactors. These alternate possibilities can be tested by comparing revised inventories that include partly buried or eroded craters to an estimate of Mars' possible relative crater deficiency.

Schultz, Richard A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

He-3 and other lunar volatiles

Constraints are considered and estimates are given for the abundances of He-3, other noble gases, and chemically reactive volatiles (e.g., H, C, N, S, F, Cl) on the Moon. For the case of surface inventories, solar wind particles implanted into grains on the surface of the Moon provide an accessible, though not necessarily abundant, source of H, C, N and the noble gases. Solar wind implanted species are concentrated in the infest grain sized, and are only found in the upper few meters of the regolith, where there are grains that have been directly exposed to the Sun. Elemental abundances in surface soils are typically 10s of mg/g, and vary according to the exposure history of the soil. The abundance of the rare, but possibly economically important, isotope He-3 is typically a few mg/g. The largest uncertainty in estimates of the total lunar abundance of solar wind implanted species comes from the lack of knowledge of their distribution with depth below the upper meter or two. For the case of bulk inventories, constraints resulting from lunar sample analyses and from physical chemical models of volatile behavior during the hypothesized giant impact origin of the Moon is used to give estimated abundances.

Fegley, B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A guide to NASA's Pilot Land Data System (PLDS)

NASA's Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) is a distributed information management system designed to support NASA's land science community. The PLDS provides a wide range of services including management of information about scientific data, access to a library of scientific data, a data ordering capability, communications, connection to data analysis facilities, and electronic mail. The PLDS provides these services by offering the scientist the capability to search for and order data, and to communicate electronically with other scientists and computers. Three functions enable scientists to find what data are available and where they reside. The first two, Find data summaries and Read detailed descriptions give summary and detailed descriptions about data sets or groups of related data sets, science, projects, and institutions which archive land data. The third, gives information about specific pieces of data. This last function has two components, Search systemwide inventory and Search local inventory. The first component enables the user to find data elements (images, geological samples, transects, maps, etc.) that exist anywhere in the PLDS while the second has only information about data at the local site. The first enables the user to find pieces of data from several different data sets with the same temporal and spatial coverage and other elements common to most data sets, while the second allows the user to select a data set based on these descriptors and on those that are unique to a data set. The PLDS provides capabilities that enable electronic file transfers, intercomputer connection, and electronic mail. Both TCP/IP and DECnet protocols are supported via the NASA Science Internet (NIS). Access is also available through Telenet.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1990

Accessing Space: A Catalogue of Process, Equipment and Resources for Commercial Users, 1990

A catalogue is presented which is intended for commercial developers who are considering, or who have in progress, a project involving the microgravity environment of space or remote sensing of the Earth. An orientation is given to commercial space activities along with a current inventory of equipment, apparatus, carriers, vehicles, resources, and services available from NASA, other government agencies and U.S. industry. The information describes the array of resources that commercial users should consider when planning ground or space based developments. Many items listed have flown in space or been tested in labs and aboard aircraft and can be reused, revitalized, or adapted to suit specific requirements. New commercial ventures are encouraged to exploit existing inventory and expertise to the greatest extent possible.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1992

Ramp Technology and Intelligent Processing in Small Manufacturing

To address the issues of excessive inventories and increasing procurement lead times, the Navy is actively pursuing flexible computer integrated manufacturing (FCIM) technologies, integrated by communication networks to respond rapidly to its requirements for parts. The Rapid Acquisition of Manufactured Parts (RAMP) program, initiated in 1986, is an integral part of this effort. The RAMP program's goal is to reduce the current average production lead times experienced by the Navy's inventory control points by a factor of 90 percent. The manufacturing engineering component of the RAMP architecture utilizes an intelligent processing technology built around a knowledge-based shell provided by ICAD, Inc. Rules and data bases in the software simulate an expert manufacturing planner's knowledge of shop processes and equipment. This expert system can use Product Data Exchange using STEP (PDES) data to determine what features the required part has, what material is required to manufacture it, what machines and tools are needed, and how the part should be held (fixtured) for machining, among other factors. The program's rule base then indicates, for example, how to make each feature, in what order to make it, and to which machines on the shop floor the part should be routed for processing. This information becomes part of the shop work order. The process planning function under RAMP greatly reduces the time and effort required to complete a process plan. Since the PDES file that drives the intelligent processing is 100 percent complete and accurate to start with, the potential for costly errors is greatly diminished.

Rentz, Richard E.↗