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At least 811 records · Page 45
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DOE OSTI2022

Primordial black-hole dark matter via warm natural inflation

We report on a study of the natural warm inflationary paradigm (WNI). We show two important new results arise in this model. One is that the observational constraints on the primordial power spectrum from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) can be satisfied without going beyond the Planck scale of the effective field theory. The second is that WNI can inevitably provide perfect conditions for the production of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the golden window of black-hole mass range (10 -16 - 10 -11 M ⊙ ) where it can account for all of the dark matter content of the universe while satisfying observational constraints.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

HATS-3b: AN INFLATED HOT JUPITER TRANSITING AN F-TYPE STAR

We report the discovery by the HATSouth survey of HATS-3b, a transiting extrasolar planet orbiting a V = 12.4 F dwarf star. HATS-3b has a period of P = 3.5479 days, mass of M{sub p} = 1.07 M {sub J}, and radius of R{sub p} = 1.38 R {sub J}. Given the radius of the planet, the brightness of the host star, and the stellar rotational velocity (vsin i = 9.0 km s{sup –1}), this system will make an interesting target for future observations to measure the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and determine its spin-orbit alignment. We detail the low-/medium-resolution reconnaissance spectroscopy that we are now using to deal with large numbers of transiting planet candidates produced by the HATSouth survey. We show that this important step in discovering planets produces log g and T {sub eff} parameters at a precision suitable for efficient candidate vetting, as well as efficiently identifying stellar mass eclipsing binaries with radial velocity semi-amplitudes as low as 1 km s{sup –1}.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

HAT-P-32b AND HAT-P-33b: TWO HIGHLY INFLATED HOT JUPITERS TRANSITING HIGH-JITTER STARS

We report the discovery of two exoplanets transiting high-jitter stars. HAT-P-32b orbits the bright V = 11.289 late-F-early-G dwarf star GSC 3281-00800, with a period P = 2.150008 {+-} 0.000001 d. The stellar and planetary masses and radii depend on the eccentricity of the system, which is poorly constrained due to the high-velocity jitter ({approx}80 m s{sup -1}). Assuming a circular orbit, the star has a mass of 1.16 {+-} 0.04 M{sub Sun} and radius of 1.22 {+-} 0.02 R{sub Sun }, while the planet has a mass of 0.860 {+-} 0.164 M{sub J} and a radius of 1.789 {+-} 0.025 R{sub J}. The second planet, HAT-P-33b, orbits the bright V = 11.188 late-F dwarf star GSC 2461-00988, with a period P = 3.474474 {+-} 0.000001 d. As for HAT-P-32, the stellar and planetary masses and radii of HAT-P-33 depend on the eccentricity, which is poorly constrained due to the high jitter ({approx}50 m s{sup -1}). In this case, spectral line bisector spans (BSs) are significantly anti-correlated with the radial velocity residuals, and we are able to use this correlation to reduce the residual rms to {approx}35 m s{sup -1}. We find that the star has a mass of 1.38 {+-} 0.04 M{sub Sun} and a radius of 1.64 {+-} 0.03 R{sub Sun} while the planet has a mass of 0.762 {+-} 0.101 M{sub J} and a radius of 1.686 {+-} 0.045 R{sub J} for an assumed circular orbit. Due to the large BS variations exhibited by both stars we rely on detailed modeling of the photometric light curves to rule out blend scenarios. Both planets are among the largest radii transiting planets discovered to date.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Inflation alternative via the gravitational field of a singularity

Abstract We explore the scenario that the observable Universe emerged from the vicinity of a negative mass ring singularity, and all content of the Universe travels at the same group velocity close to the speed of light on a geodesic trajectory along the axis of rotation of the singularity. In appropriate coordinate parametrization and evaluated on the trajectory, we find that the metric tensor in the vicinity of the trajectory exhibits a conformal scale factor a ( η ) with contraction and subsequent expansion properties that solve the horizon problem. We then introduce a static flow of gravitating radiation along the trajectory (perturbatively with respect to the mass scale of the singularity) to model a homogeneous radiation dominated Universe. Solving the Einstein field equations with a physically motivated ansatz of metric perturbation then reveals that the effective conformal scale factor indeed grows asymptotically with the same power law as expected in a conventional radiation dominated Universe.

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2011

Second order perturbations during inflation beyond slow-roll

We numerically calculate the evolution of second order cosmological perturbations for an inflationary scalar field without resorting to the slow-roll approximation or assuming large scales. In contrast to previous approaches we therefore use the full non-slow-roll source term for the second order Klein-Gordon equation which is valid on all scales. The numerical results are consistent with the ones obtained previously where slow-roll is a good approximation. We investigate the effect of localised features in the scalar field potential which break slow-roll for some portion of the evolution. The numerical package solving the second order Klein-Gordon equation has been released under an open source license and is available for download.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Primordial fluctuations and non-Gaussianities from multifield DBI Galileon inflation

We study a cosmological scenario in which the DBI action governing the motion of a D3-brane in a higher-dimensional spacetime is supplemented with an induced gravity term. The latter reduces to the quartic Galileon Lagrangian when the motion of the brane is non-relativistic and we show that it tends to violate the null energy condition and to render cosmological fluctuations ghosts. There nonetheless exists an interesting parameter space in which a stable phase of quasi-exponential expansion can be achieved while the induced gravity leaves non trivial imprints. We derive the exact second-order action governing the dynamics of linear perturbations and we show that it can be simply understood through a bimetric perspective. In the relativistic regime, we also calculate the dominant contribution to the primordial bispectrum and demonstrate that large non-Gaussianities of orthogonal shape can be generated, for the first time in a concrete model. More generally, we find that the sign and the shape of the bispectrum offer powerful diagnostics of the precise strength of the induced gravity.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Computation of the power spectrum in chaotic ¼λφ{sup 4} inflation

The phase-integral approximation devised by Fröman and Fröman, is used for computing cosmological perturbations in the quartic chaotic inflationary model. The phase-integral formulas for the scalar power spectrum are explicitly obtained up to fifth order of the phase-integral approximation. As in previous reports (Rojas 2007b, 2007c and 2009), we point out that the accuracy of the phase-integral approximation compares favorably with the numerical results and those obtained using the slow-roll and uniform approximation methods.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Consistency relation for multifield inflation scenario with all loop contributions

The consistency relation between non-linear parameters f{sub NL} and τ{sub NL} characterizing Non-Gaussianity generated in the super horizon scale have been emerged as a useful tool to rule out a large class of inflationary models all at once. In our previous work, we extended the Suyama-Yamaguchi inequality up to 1-loop corrections. In this paper, we further extend the inequality up to all loop corrections, and found that it takes the same expression with the original Suyama-Yamaguchi inequality, τ{sub NL} ≥ ((6/5)f{sub NL}){sup 2}, where the equality is not satisfied in the case of single field models any more.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

IR divergences in inflation and entropy perturbations

We study leading order perturbative corrections to the two point correlation function of the scalar field describing the curvature perturbation in a slow-roll inflationary background, paying particular attention to the contribution of entropy mode loops. We find that the infrared divergences are worse than in pure de Sitter space: they are power law rather than logarithmic. The validity of perturbation theory and thus of the effective field theory of cosmological perturbations leads to stringent constraints on the coupling constants describing the interactions, in our model the quartic self-interaction coupling constant of the entropy field. If the self coupling constant is larger than some critical value which depends in particular on the duration of the inflationary phase, then perturbation theory breaks down. Our analysis may have implications for the stability of de Sitter space: the quantum effects which lead to an instability of de Sitter space will be larger in magnitude in the presence of entropy fluctuations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Inflation and nonminimal scalar-curvature coupling in gravity and supergravity

Inflationary slow-roll dynamics in Einstein gravity with a nonminimal scalar-curvature coupling can be equivalent to that in the certain f(R) gravity theory. We review the correspondence and extend it to N=1 supergravity. The nonminimal coupling in supergravity is rewritten in terms of the standard ('minimal') N=1 matter-coupled supergravity by using curved superspace. The established equivalence between two different inflationary theories means the same inflaton scalar potential, and does not imply the same post-inflationary dynamics and reheating.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Influence of heavy modes on perturbations in multiple field inflation

We investigate linear cosmological perturbations in multiple field inflationary models where some of the directions are light while others are heavy (with respect to the Hubble parameter). By integrating out the massive degrees of freedom, we determine the multi-dimensional effective theory for the light degrees of freedom and give explicitly the propagation matrix that replaces the effective sound speed of the one-dimensional case. We then examine in detail the consequences of a sudden turn along the inflationary trajectory, in particular the possible breakdown of the low energy effective theory in case the heavy modes are excited. Resorting to a new basis in field space, instead of the usual adiabatic/entropic basis, we study the evolution of the perturbations during the turn. In particular, we compute the power spectrum and compare with the result obtained from the low energy effective theory.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Curvature perturbation spectrum in two-field inflation with a turning trajectory

We revisit a two-component inflaton model with a turning trajectory in the field space, where the field slowly rolls down along the trajectory. We consider the case when the effective mass in the direction perpendicular to the trajectory, namely the isocurvature direction, is either of the same order as or much larger than the Hubble parameter. Assuming that the turning angular velocity is small, we compute analytically the corrections to the power spectrum of curvature perturbation caused by the mediation of the heavy isocurvature perturbation, and compare our analytic results with the numerical ones. Especially, when M{sub eff}{sup 2} >> H{sup 2}, we find that it is proportional to M{sub eff}{sup −2}. This result is consistent with the one obtained previously by an effective field theory approach.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Approach to exact inflation in modified Friedmann equation

We study inflationary universe models that are characterized by a single scalar inflaton field. The study of these models are based on two dynamical equations; one corresponding to the Klein-Gordon equation for the inflaton field, and the other, to a generalized Friedmann equation. After describing the kinematics and dynamics of the models, we determine in some detail scalar density perturbations and relic gravitational waves. We apply this approach to the Friedmann-Chern-Simons and the brane-world inflationary models.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Momentum dependence of the bispectrum in two-field inflation

We examine the momentum dependence of the bispectrum of two-field inflationary models within the long-wavelength formalism. We determine the sources of scale dependence in the expression for the parameter of non-Gaussianity f{sub NL} and study two types of variation of the momentum triangle: changing its size and changing its shape. We introduce two spectral indices that quantify the possible types of momentum dependence of the local type f{sub NL} and illustrate our results with examples.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗