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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Fast and noise-tolerant determination of the center of rotation in tomography

High-quality tomographic reconstruction is not possible without the accurate localization of the center of rotation. Poor localization leads to artifacts in the data and can even cause reconstructions to fail. There are many approaches to solving this problem, some of which involve the collection of full sinograms, or even provisional tomographic reconstructions, in order to determine the center of rotation. Here, a simple method based on the expected symmetry of the Fourier transform of summed projections approximately 180° apart is presented; unlike cross-correlation methods, it requires only a single Fourier transform to compute, and uses mainly low spatial frequency information which is less susceptible to noise. This approach is shown to be fast, and robust against poor signal-to-noise as well as to projection images acquired at angles that are not exactly 180° apart. This rapid method can be useful as a first step in the processing of tomographic data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Energy Use in Quantum Data Centers: Scaling the Impact of Computer Architecture, Qubit Performance, Size, and Thermal Parameters

As quantum computers increase in size, the total energy used by a quantum data center, including the cooling, will become a greater concern. The cooling requirements of quantum computers, which operate at temperatures near absolute zero, are determined by computing system parameters, including the number and type of physical qubits, the packaging efficiency of the system, and the split between circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures and those operating at room temperature. When combined with thermal system parameters such as cooling efficiency and cryostat heat transfer, the total energy use can be determined using a first-principles energy model. These models show that cooling of quantum computers differs in two fundamental ways from conventional data centers: (1) the energy required for cooling is much greater than the energy required for computation, and (2) the cooling loads are sensitive to the computational architecture. The temperature requirements for different qubit types can change energy requirements by orders of magnitude. Power use and computational power, as quantified by quantum volume, are analytically correlated. Approaches are identified for minimizing energy use in integrated quantum systems relative to computational power. Furthermore, designing a sustainable quantum computer will require both efficient cooling and system design that minimizes cooling requirements.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

A User-Centered Design Study in Scientific Visualization Targeting Domain Experts

The development of usable visualization solutions is essential for ensuring both their adoption and effectiveness. User-centered design principles, which involve users throughout the entire development process, have been shown to be effective in numerous information visualization endeavors. We describe how we applied these principles in scientific visualization over a two year collaboration to develop a hybrid in situ/post hoc solution tailored towards combustion researcher needs. Lastly, we examine the importance of user-centered design and lessons learned over the design process in an effort to aid others seeking to develop effective scientific visualization solutions.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Toward higher-radix switches with co-packaged optics for improved network locality in data center and HPC networks [Invited]

In this work, we study the network locality improvements that can be achieved by using co-packaged optics in data center and high-performance computing (HPC) networks. The increased escape bandwidth offered by co-packaged optics can enable switches with speeds of 51.2 Tb/s and beyond. From a network architecture perspective, the key advantages of introducing co-packaged optics at the switch points include the implementation of large-scale topologies of >12,000 end points with 4× higher bisection bandwidth and the reduction of the required number of switches by >40% compared with state-of-the-art approaches. From a network operation perspective, improved network locality and faster operation can be achieved since the higher-radix switches can mitigate the impact of network contention. Placing applications under fewer leaf switches reduces the number of packets that cross the spine switches in a leaf-spine topology. The proposed scheme is evaluated via discrete-event simulations: we initially evaluate the network locality properties of the system by using virtual-machine traces from a production data center, and we subsequently quantify the performance improvements by simulating an all-to-all pattern for a variety of message sizes over a number of nodes. The results suggest that co-packaged optics form a promising solution for keeping up with bandwidth scaling in future networks. The virtual-machine analysis shows that large-scale applications can be placed under up to 50% fewer first-level switches, while the network analysis shows speedups of up to 7.1, which translates to execution time reductions of up to 26% and 42.7% for applications with communication ratios of 0.3 and 0.5, respectively.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-DFK Dairy Forage Research Center - Kernza

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-DFK Dairy Forage Research Center - Kernza. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-DFK Dairy Forage Research Center - Kernza produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Crop field (10 acres) in annual and perennial rotation. Alfalfa (2015-2018), intermediate wheatgrass grown for Kernza grain and grass forage (planted September 2019-2023, terminated spring 2024), corn silage (2024), planted in winter wheat (late summer/fall 2024). Winter wheat (2025) followed by alfalfa (to be planted August 2025).

Duff, Alison [US Dairy Forage Research Center]↗
DOE OSTI2021

SiC-Based Wireless Power Transformation for Data Centers & Medium Voltage Applications

Data centers have grown in physical size and their electrical power consumption has grown to levels of several 100kW and approaching 1 GW in large installations. The low voltage electrical distribution inside of Data Centers consists of several conversion stages and a lot of wiring to bring the power from medium voltage (MV) levels outside of the building to the low voltage levels that the servers and racks require. Energy losses during distribution and conversion and high incident arc flash energy levels at the point of use are significant. The electrical distribution system is complex and costly.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

UF Industrial Assessment Center - Budget Periods 2017-2021. Final Report

This report summarizes the work performed at the University of Florida’s Industrial Assessment Center (UF-IAC) during the five budget periods (BPs) in the years 2017 through 2021 under DOE Award No. DE-EE0007707. The objective of the work is to perform industrial assessments to small- and medium-sized manufacturing facilities in the State of Florida and to train students in industrial energy management and in performing industrial assessments. Specific details about the activities of the UF-IAC (referred to as the Center) during that time can be found in the 20 quarterly reports that were submitted throughout the duration of the contract. The project start and end dates are September 1, 2016 and August 31, 2021, respectively. The project was granted a six-month no-cost extension till February 28, 2022, to accommodate unexpected delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This project was performed by the University of Florida (PI: Dr. SA Sherif). The scope of work includes six milestone whose description and outcomes are listed in the Statement of Project Objectives (SOPO).

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Syracuse University Industrial Assessment Center (Final Report)

Syracuse University Industrial Assessment Center (SU-IAC) project is focused on the two primary objectives: (i) educate undergraduate and graduate students in engineering and associated disciplines on the concepts of energy sustainability and to provide hands-on training by performing energy assessment at industrial facilities to become future energy efficiency experts, and (ii) offer energy assessments to small and mid-sized manufacturing companies in SU-IAC 2 the greater New York State region, perform analytical engineering work in support of assessment recommendations, and to report the results of those analyses to the client companies, to DOE, and to Field office personnel Through this project period, SU-IAC successfully trained 77 engineering students who were undergraduate or graduate students at Syracuse University College of Engineering, or at SU- IAC’s satellite center at Clarkson University. Each of these students received comprehensive ‘in-class’ technical training, safety training, and hands-on field training. The students performed various tasks related to energy assessment at the manufacturing facilities, including billing analysis, energy use reduction recommendations, and report preparation. Through this project period, a total of 34 students have completed all requirements of the SU-IAC program and have received the US DoE Certificate on Energy Efficiency, with the remaining students continuing at various stages of field work or training. During this project period, due to Covid-related measures in New York State, Syracuse University campus and most of the manufacturing facilities were completely closed or were under severe restrictions for access, for an extended period from March 2020 through April 2021. The closures affected our project execution, with the project Sponsor offering structured relief to carry-out a modified project during the affected budget periods. During this project period, SU-IAC student teams, led by its Director, completed a total of 77 energy assessments at small- and medium-scale manufacturing facilities located in New York State. For these facilities, SU-IAC prepared and presented details for 569 assessment recommendations (ARs). The facilities implemented a total of 258 of these ARs, realizing annual average energy savings in the range of $\$ $3,300 to $\$ $55,000 per facility. Cumulatively, these facilities have reduced their “first year after implementation” energy use by a total of 4.37 million kwh, and fuel use by a total of 27.7 billion BTU. SU-IAC project has successfully met the two primary objectives (and the associated sub objectives) and helped the manufacturing facilities in New York State achieve quantitative energy use reductions as a result of this project.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

University of Miami Industrial Assessment Center (Final Scientific/Technical Report)

The University of Miami Industrial Assessment Center (MIIAC) is located at the Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering in the College of Engineering at University of Miami. The Center has conducted 402 energy assessments with estimated Total Energy Savings over $\$57.3$ million, Total Non- Energy Cost Savings of $\$23.7$ million, and Total Energy Saving as a 26% of Energy Costs of $\$311$ million. A total of 6.01 TBtu of energy savings were recommended as a result of energy efficiency measures resulting in $\$81$ million in cost savings.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Midwest Industrial Assessment Center (Final Technical Report)

The Midwest IAC’s prime center was at the University of Missouri (MU) and the satellite center was at Wichita State University, Kansas. During the 5-year period we conducted at least 96 energy assessments, with recommended energy cost savings of $10.3 million of which $6.5 million was implemented savings. The implemented energy savings were 0.63 Terra BTU and CO2 emissions reduction was 400,000 tons. Thirty-five students completed requirements for a certificate of completion from DOE. IAC students received training in cybersecurity basics and application to manufacturing, fundamentals of energy efficiency, ISO50001, smart manufacturing.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Nitrogen Vacancy Center in Diamond for the Stress and Field Sensing Applications

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a nanodiamond (ND) crystal is a promising material for quantum information processing, sensing, and computing applications. It is one of the best candidate materials for quantum sensing and metrology expected to work at elevated temperatures and pressures conditions. We computationally show the effect of strain on the defect band edges and band gaps in the NV center diamond. A low energy Hamiltonian is developed for the ±1 spin manifold at the ground state. We show the quantum sensing device is a few orders of magnitude superior in sensing than the traditional optical sensing devices. We also discuss experimental results from the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and the spin relaxometry for the field sensing applications. The presentation concludes by providing a model for free spins detection of the rare earth ions.

field sensing applications↗
DOE OSTI2026

Shaping the FutureWorkforce: Challenges and Lessons Learned in HPC Education from National Labs and Computing Centers

Workforce training at national laboratories and computing centers is essential and typically falls into two categories: foundational training for newcomers and advanced training for experienced users. Foundational topics—such as version control, build systems, and basic HPC usage—are largely transferable across institutions, while cluster-specific training varies due to differences in hardware, job schedulers, and local workflows. Training on emerging technologies is split between hardware-specific content and broadly applicable programming paradigms. Here, to reduce redundancy and increase impact, national labs, computing centers, and vendors are collaborating through initiatives like the HPC Training Working Group to share best practices, co-develop materials, and broaden outreach. These coordinated efforts aim to make HPC training more accessible, scalable, and consistent across the community.

HPC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Mining Thermophile Photosynthesis Genes: A Synthetic Operon Expressing Chloroflexota Species Reaction Center Genes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Photosynthesis is the foundation of the vast majority of life systems, and is therefore the most important bioenergetic process on earth. The greatest diversity of photosynthetic systems is found in microorganisms. However, our understanding of the biophysical and biochemical processes that transduce light into chemical energy is derived from a relatively small subset of proteins from microbes that are amenable to cultivation, in contrast to the huge number of predicted proteins that catalyze the initial photochemical reactions deposited in databases, such as from metagenomics. We describe the use of a Rhodobacter sphaeroides laboratory strain for the expression of heterologous photosynthesis genes to demonstrate the feasibility of mining this resource, focusing on hot spring Chloroflexota gene sequences. Using a synthetic operon of genes, we produced a photochemically active complex of reaction center proteins in our biological system. We also present bioinformatic analyses of anoxygenic type II reaction center sequences from metagenomic samples collected from hot (42–90 °C) springs available through the JGI IMG database, to generate a resource of diverse sequences that are potentially adapted to photosynthesis at such temperatures. These data provide a view into the natural diversity of anoxygenic photosynthesis, through a lens focused on high-temperature environments. The approach we took to express such genes can be applied for potential biotechnology purposes as well as for studies of fundamental catalytic properties of these heretofore inaccessible protein complexes.

Chloroflexota↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sensing at the Nanoscale Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond: A Model for a Quantum Pressure Sensor

The sensing of stress under harsh environmental conditions with high resolution has critical importance for a range of applications including earth’s subsurface scanning, geological CO2 storage monitoring, and mineral and resource recovery. Using a first-principles density functional theory (DFT) approach combined with the theoretical modelling of the low-energy Hamiltonian, here, we investigate a novel approach to detect unprecedented levels of pressure by taking advantage of the solid-state electronic spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We computationally explore the effect of strain on the defect band edges and band gaps by varying the lattice parameters of a diamond supercell hosting a single NV center. A low-energy Hamiltonian is developed that includes the effect of stress on the energy level of a ±1 spin manifold at the ground state. By quantifying the energy level shift and split, we predict pressure sensing of up to 0.3 MPa/Hz using the experimentally measured spin dephasing time. We show the superiority of the quantum sensing approach over traditional optical sensing techniques by discussing our results from DFT and theoretical modelling for the frequency shift per unit pressure. Importantly, we propose a quantum manometer that could be useful to measure earth’s subsurface vibrations as well as for pressure detection and monitoring in high-temperature superconductivity studies and in material sciences. Our results open avenues for the development of a sensing technology with high sensitivity and resolution under extreme pressure limits that potentially has a wider applicability than the existing pressure sensing technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Microwave Intensity and Polarization Maps of the Galactic Center

Herein we present arcminute-resolution intensity and polarization maps of the Galactic center made with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The maps cover a 32 deg 2 field at 98, 150, and 224 GHz with |l| ≤ 4°, |b| ≤ 2°. We combine these data with Planck observations at similar frequencies to create coadded maps with increased sensitivity at large angular scales. With the coadded maps, we are able to resolve many known features of the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) in both total intensity and polarization. We map the orientation of the plane-of-sky component of the Galactic magnetic field inferred from the polarization angle in the CMZ, finding significant changes in morphology in the three frequency bands as the underlying dominant emission mechanism changes from synchrotron to dust emission. Selected Galactic center sources, including Sgr A*, the Brick molecular cloud (G0.253+0.016), the Mouse pulsar wind nebula (G359.23-0.82), and the Tornado supernova remnant candidate (G357.7-0.1), are examined in detail. These data illustrate the potential for leveraging ground-based cosmic microwave background polarization experiments for Galactic science.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1997

Kennedy Space Center Annual Report, FY 1997

The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has a nearly 40-year tradition of excellence in processing and launching space vehicles and their payloads. The Center's outstanding record of achievements in America's space program has earned it an honored place in history and an essential role in the present; KSC also intends to play a vital part in the future of space exploration.

John F. Kennedy space Center (KSC)↗
NASA NTRS2018

FY17 Report Summaries of Five Completed Center Innovation Fund (CIF) Projects for the Highlights/Abstract Section of the FY 2018 CIF Annual Report

The Center Innovation Fund Annual Report for FY18 is an annual report for Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) Leadership, STMD Principle Technologists, and Center Innovation Fund Management. Attached is the Highlights/Abstract section of this annual report, which is the only section to be shared outside of NASA. Contributors were asked not to include any SBU information for these report summaries.

Sorbent Fiber Materials↗