Recent Additions in the Modeling Capabilities of an Open-Source Wave Energy Converter Design Tool
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Inclusion of Structural Flexibility in Design Load Analysis for Wave Energy Converters: Preprint
Hydroelastic interactions, caused by ocean wave loading on wave energy devices with deformable structures, are studied in the time domain. A midfidelity, hybrid modeling approach of rigid-body and flexible-body dynamics is developed and implemented in an open-source simulation tool for wave energy converters (WEC-Sim) to simulate the dynamic responses of wave energy converter component structural deformations under wave loading. A generalized coordinate system, including degrees of freedom associated with rigid bodies, structural modes, and constraints connecting multiple bodies, is utilized. A simplified method of calculating stress loads and sectional bending moments is implemented, with the purpose of sizing and designing wave energy converters. Results calculated using the method presented are verified with those of high-fidelity fluid-structure interaction simulations, as well as low-fidelity, frequency-domain, boundary element method analysis.
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Suspended Cylinder Under Regular Wave Loading Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics: Preprint
An investigation into the computation of hydrodynamic loads on a suspended cylinder in regular waves is presented. The primary goal was to perform a three-way-validation of the loads between experimental measurements and simulations from two computational methods. Experimental measurements of the longitudinal inline force on a cylinder suspended at a fixed po- sition were available from the Offshore Code Comparison Col- laboration, Continued, with Correlation (OC5) project, Phase Ia. These measurements were compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations based on the solution of Reynolds- averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, as implemented in STAR-CCM plus. The study encompassed a sensitivity analysis of the loads computed in STAR-CCM plus based on wave modeling, boundary conditions, turbulence modeling, and spatial and tem- poral discretization. The analysis was supplemented by results generated with the offshore wind turbine engineering software OpenFAST, based on a hybrid combination of second-order po- tential flow and viscous drag fromMorison's equation. The focus of the investigation was on the assessment of the accuracy of the computation of first- and higher-order hydrodynamic loads. Sub- stantial differences were observed in the numerical prediction of the second and third harmonic force contribution. Local flow field analysis with CFD was applied to study the physics of wave run-up and diffraction dynamics to identify the causes.
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Hydrokinetic Baseload Microgrids
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Pumping and Compression Using Fiber Reinforced Tube Pumps for Reverse Osmosis Powered By Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy
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15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Reference Model 1 Scaled Geometry (RM1: Tidal Current Turbine)
Contains the Reference Model 1 (RM1) scaled scale geometry files of the Tidal Current Turbine, developed by the Reference Model Project (RMP). These scaled geometry files are saved as SolidWorks assembly, IGS, and STEP files, and require a CAD program to view. The scaled RM1 device was tested at the Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory (SAFL) at the University of Minnesota flume, details of which are described in the included journal article. The scale of the geometries included in this submission are at a 1:40 scale compared to the full scale geometry. This data was generated upon completion of the project on September 30, 2014. The Reference Model Project (RMP), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), was a partnered effort to develop open-source MHK point designs as reference models (RMs) to benchmark MHK technology performance and costs, and an open-source methodology for design and analysis of MHK technologies, including models for estimating their capital costs, operational costs, and levelized costs of energy. The point designs also served as open-source test articles for university researchers and commercial technology developers. The RMP project team, led by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), included a partnership between DOE, three national laboratories, including the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Applied Research Laboratory of Penn State University, and Re Vision Consulting. Reference Model 1 (RM1) is a dual variable-speed variable-pitch (VSVP) axial-flow tidal turbine device, designed for the Tacoma Narrows tidal current energy resource site in Puget Sound, Washington. RM1 comprises a monopile foundation and a crossarm assembly to mount the two rotors. The cross-arm assembly is nearly neutrally buoyant so the attached rotors can be recovered and redeployed with a minimal amount of lifting crane capacity; therefore, the design minimizes the handling requirements during deployment and recovery, which reduces overall cost in all O&M activities including access to the power conversion chain (PCC).
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NREL Programs Channel Students Toward the Future Water Power Workforce
Water power is a flourishing segment of the renewable energy industry, and resilient, reliable technologies like marine energy and hydropower are poised to play a significant role in our energy demands in the years to come. Continuing this trajectory of growth, however, requires new talent and innovation. As part of the effort to thoughtfully attract the best and most qualified workers, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and workforce development programs raised student awareness of and made connections to water power career opportunities throughout fiscal year 2021.
HYDRO ENERGY,TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
Collegiate Competitions Spark Curiosity and Careers in Water Power
Hydropower is the oldest renewable energy source, and marine energy may be the youngest. Regardless of whether they are old or young, both forms of water power will play a significant role in helping the United States reach a 100% carbon-free energy sector by 2035. To meet the challenge, we need a strong water power workforce.
collegiate competitions↗
M3 Wave DMP/APEX WEC Laboratory Testing Content Model
Laboratory Testing Content Model of Hinsdale 1:5 testing of thirteen different APEX I and APEX II configurations in the Long Wave Flume with a 0.5m deep sediment bed and under 4 different wave conditions.
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Admiralty Inlet Hub-Height Turbulence Measurements from June 2012
This data is from measurements at Admiralty Head, in Admiralty Inlet. The measurements were made using an IMU equipped ADV mounted on a mooring, the 'Tidal Turbulence Mooring' or 'TTM'. The inertial measurements from the IMU allows for removal of mooring motion in post processing. The mooring motion has been removed from the stream-wise and vertical velocity signals (u, w). The lateral (v) velocity may have some 'persistent motion contamination' due to mooring sway. The ADV was positioned 11m above the seafloor in 58m of water at 48.1515N, 122.6858W. Units ------ - Velocity data (_u, urot, uacc) is in m/s. - Acceleration (Accel) data is in m/s^2. - Angular rate (AngRt) data is in rad/s. - The components of all vectors are in 'ENU' orientation. That is, the first index is True East, the second is True North, and the third is Up (vertical). - All other quantities are in the units defined in the Nortek Manual. Motion correction and rotation into the ENU earth reference frame was performed using the Python-based open source DOLfYN library (linked in resources). Details on motion correction can be found there. For additional details on this dataset see the included Marine Energy Technology Symposium paper.
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StingRAY H1 Humboldt Cost Breakdown Structure
Columbia Power LCOE (levelized cost of energy) Model for the Stingray H1 at the DOE Reference Site of Humboldt, CA. The model is integrated with and reports LCOE from DOE Cost Breakdown Structure
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Regrowth-free single-mode quantum cascade lasers with power consumption below 1 W
We report on single-mode distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers emitting at 4.8 μm with continuous-wave threshold power consumption as low as 0.76 W at 20 °C and 0.98 W at 50 °C. Following growth of the laser active region and semiconductor cladding layers by a single molecular beam epitaxy process, devices with 4-μm-wide ridges and vertical sidewall gratings were fabricated using plasma etching and standard dielectric and metal deposition processes. In terms of mode stability, output power, and efficiency, we show that lasers with 1-mm cavity length and high-reflectivity back-facet coatings can match the performance of buried heterostructure devices, but with the advantage of requiring only a single epitaxial growth step.
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Wave Energy Prize Wave Calibration Data for the 1:20 Scale Testing at MASK
Time series data, sensor layout, and wave calibration summaries for the wave height measurements for the 10 calibration sea states for the 1:20 scale testing of the Wave Energy Prize (WEP) at the US Navy's Maneuvering and Seakeeping (MASK) Basin at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Carderock, Maryland. Measurements were made in the test area and upstream of the test area.
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Low-current traveling wave tube for use in the microwave power module
The results of a traveling-wave-tube/multistage depressed-collector (TWT-MDC) design study in support of the Advanced Research Projects Agency/Department of Defense (ARPA/DOD) Microwave Power Module (MPM) Program are described. The study stressed the possible application of dynamic and other tapers to the RF output circuit of the MPM traveling wave tube as a means of increasing the RF and overall efficiencies and reducing the required beam current (perveance). The results indicate that a highly efficient, modified dynamic velocity taper (DVT) circuit can be designed for the broadband MPM application. The combination of reduced cathode current (lower perveance) and increased RF efficiency leads to (1) a substantially higher overall efficiency and reduction in the prime power to the MPM, and (2) substantially reduced levels of MDC and MPM heat dissipation, which simplify the cooling problems. However, the selected TWT circuit parameters need to be validated by cold test measurements on actual circuits.
Palmer, Raymond W.↗
Test of a Novel, Commercial-Scale Wave Energy Direct-Drive Rotary Power Take-Off at the NREL National Wind Technology Center (CRADA CRD-14-571 Final Report)
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) will work with Columbia Power Technologies [C-Power] to support work under US DOE DE-EE-0006399, “Build and Test of a Novel, Commercial-Scale Wave Energy Direct-Drive Rotary Power Take-Off Under Realistic Open-Ocean Conditions.” Work will include a review of their design for a novel wave energy direct drive generator. After review, the system will be prototyped and tested in the NREL National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) 5MW dynamometer and data will be recorded and analyzed. Conclusions from data analysis will be used to improve the design prior to completing a version of the system for ocean deployment. Additionally, NREL will work with Columbia Power Technologies [C-Power] to quantify the system levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and analyze the system in agreement with US DOE System Performance Advancement (SPA) goals 1 and 2.
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Wave climate and energy resources in the Mariana Islands from a 42-year high-resolution hindcast
We report a high-resolution wave hindcast from 1979 to 2020 was developed for Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, which are influenced by mesoscale and synoptic weather systems from the western Pacific Rim to the Central Pacific. The spectral wave modeling utilized structured global and unstructured regional grids with improved resolution in nearshore waters, where wave resources development is most feasible. The hindcast demonstrates its capability in capturing multi-modal seas through reproduction of bulk and partitioned wave parameters derived from altimetry and buoy measurements. The local wave climate is influenced by the year-round trade winds and tropical cyclones as well as seasonal monsoons, frontal systems, and mid-latitude high- and low-pressure systems. The strong intra-annual variation of the significant wave height and power flux reflects transitions between local and distant weather systems, which account for the diverse wave conditions comprised of short-period wind waves, intermediate-period seas, and long-period swells around the islands. Among the Pacific island regions, spectral partitioning is particularly important for describing the dominant wave components by period and direction with pertinent information conducive to energy resources characterization and coastal zone management in the Mariana Islands.
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Investigation of 0.38 THz backward-wave oscillator based on slotted sine waveguide and pencil electron beam
A novel backward wave oscillator (BWO) is presented by utilizing a slotted sine waveguide with a pencil electron beam to produce the high power terahertz wave. The high frequency characteristics including dispersion properties, interaction impedances, and transmission characteristics of the slotted sine waveguide are analyzed in detail. The high frequency system including the output coupler, slow wave structure (SWS), and reflector are designed properly. A 3-D particle-in-cell mode is applied to predict the device performance of the BWO based on the novel SWS. The investigation results demonstrate that this device can generate over 8.05 W output power in the frequency range of 363.4–383.8 GHz by using a 30 mA pencil electron beam and adjusting the beam voltage from 20 kV to 32 kV.
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Stakeholder requirements for commercially successful wave energy converter farms
Not Available
Babarit, Aurélien (ORCID:0000000263299711)↗