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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

Composite box beam analysis - Theory and experiments

Beam theory is widely used as a first approximation in numerous structural applications. When applied to composite beams, the accuracy of beam theory becomes questionable because (1) the shearing and warping deformations become significant, as the shearing stiffness of composite laminates is often very low, and (2) several elastic couplings can occur that strongly influence the behavior of composite beams. The torsional behavior of thin-walled composite beams has important implications for aeronautical structures and is deeply modified by the above nonclassical effects. This paper presents two comprehensive analysis methodologies for composite beams and describes experimental results obtained from a thin-walled, rectangular cross-sectional beam. The theoretical predictions are found in good agreement with the observed twist and strain distributions. Out-of-plane torsional warping of the cross-section is found to be the key factor for an accurate modeling of the torsional behavior of such structures.

Bauchau, O. A.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Plasmonic circular polarization analyzer formed by unidirectionally controlling surface plasmon propagation

Analyzing the polarization of a circularly polarized light is a critical issue. We have fabricated a spiral nano-structure on the Au film by using focused ion beam etching technique. The fabricated structure can be used as a plasmonic circular polarization analyzer. By designing the relative orientation of two nano-apertures in the spiral structural unit, the propagation direction of the surface plasmon polaritons excited by circularly polarized light of opposite handedness can be controlled. Therefore, the spiral structure could be used to accurately determine the helicity of the excited circularly polarized light. Based on the results of scanning near-field optical microscopy, the obtained circular polarization extinction ratio of this structure was above 500. This structure can be used for a flexible detecting size and a very wide spectrum.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Dislocation core structures in Si-doped GaN

Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the core structures of threading dislocations in plan-view geometry of GaN films with a range of Si-doping levels and dislocation densities ranging between (5 ± 1) × 10{sup 8} and (10 ± 1) × 10{sup 9} cm{sup −2}. All a-type (edge) dislocation core structures in all samples formed 5/7-atom ring core structures, whereas all (a + c)-type (mixed) dislocations formed either double 5/6-atom, dissociated 7/4/8/4/9-atom, or dissociated 7/4/8/4/8/4/9-atom core structures. This shows that Si-doping does not affect threading dislocation core structures in GaN. However, electron beam damage at 300 keV produces 4-atom ring structures for (a + c)-type cores in Si-doped GaN.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Probing potential energy landscapes via electron-beam-induced single atom dynamics

Structure, bonding, and chemical dynamics of reactions at surfaces and interfaces, and therefore most material properties are intrinsically tied to the energetic landscape in which each atom resides. Here, we demonstrate that a moving atom under electron beam excitation can be used to probe the energy landscape along (confined) step edges, providing information about atomic-scale potentials. In conclusion, the techniques for experimentally exploring atomic potentials holds promise for predictive atom-by-atom fabrication using electron beams.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Passive Longitudinal-Phase-Space Tailoring of Non-Ultrarelativistic Beams with Dielectric-Lined Waveguides

To date conventional use of dielectric-lined waveguides (DLWs) has mainly concerned high-gradient acceleration. In this paper we investigate an alternative use of such waveguides to impressed wakefield-induced energy correlations on non-ultra-relativistic beams. These correlations are shown to produce density modulations as the beam drifts in a free space. We explore several schemes with a single or multiple DLW structures which can lead to passive compressions and to the formation of sub-picosecond bunch trains. We finally suggest the possible use of multiple structures to bunch the beam at higher frequencies using a scheme similar to a two-stage echo enabled harmonic generation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1993

On the apparent insignificance of the randomness of flexible joints on large space truss dynamics

Deployable periodic large space structures have been shown to exhibit high dynamic sensitivity to period-breaking imperfections and uncertainties. These can be brought on by manufacturing or assembly errors, structural imperfections, as well as nonlinear and/or nonconservative joint behavior. In addition, the necessity of precise pointing and position capability can require the consideration of these usually negligible and unknown parametric uncertainties and their effect on the overall dynamic response of large space structures. This work describes the use of a new design approach for the global dynamic solution of beam-like periodic space structures possessing parametric uncertainties. Specifically, the effect of random flexible joints on the free vibrations of simply-supported periodic large space trusses is considered. The formulation is a hybrid approach in terms of an extended Timoshenko beam continuum model, Monte Carlo simulation scheme, and first-order perturbation methods. The mean and mean-square response statistics for a variety of free random vibration problems are derived for various input random joint stiffness probability distributions. The results of this effort show that, although joint flexibility has a substantial effect on the modal dynamic response of periodic large space trusses, the effect of any reasonable uncertainty or randomness associated with these joint flexibilities is insignificant.

Koch, R. M.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Influence of emitter ring manufacturing tolerances on electron beam quality of high power gyrotrons

A sensitivity analysis of manufacturing imperfections and possible misalignments of the emitter ring in the gyrotron cathode structure on the electron beam quality has been performed. It has been shown that a possible radial displacement of the emitter ring of the order of few tens of microns can cause dramatic effects on the beam quality and therefore the gyrotron operation. Two different design approaches are proposed in order to achieve an electron beam which is less sensitive to manufacturing imperfections.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Generation of broadband terahertz radiation using a backward wave oscillator and pseudospark-sourced electron beam

This paper presents for the generation of a small size high current density pseudospark (PS) electron beam for a high frequency (0.2 THz) Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) through a Doppler up-shift of the plasma frequency. An electron beam ∼1 mm diameter carrying a current of up to 10 A and current density of 10{sup 8} A m{sup −2}, with a sweeping voltage of 42 to 25 kV and pulse duration of 25 ns, was generated from the PS discharge. This beam propagated through the rippled-wall slow wave structure of a BWO beam-wave interaction region in a plasma environment without the need for a guiding magnetic field. Plasma wave assisted beam-wave interaction resulted in broadband output over a frequency range of 186–202 GHz with a maximum power of 20 W.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Probing Plasticity and Strain-Rate Effects of Indium Submicron Pillars Using Synchrotron Laue X-ray Microdiffraction

We present that mechanical behaviors and especially the strain-rate responses at the nanoscales of low melting temperature metals, such as indium have not been much studied. Indium is one of the key materials or alloy-components in advanced microelectronics and nanotechnology industry, and understanding their mechanical behaviors at nanoscales becomes increasingly important to ensure lifetime reliability of their applications in novel nanoscale devices or advanced systems (for packaging at the nanoscales, for instance). Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction has been utilized to examine defect structures of nanoscale materials as well as their strain-rate responses. Nanoscale or advanced microelectronics packaging, for instance, require acceptable levels of drop test results. For these low melting temperature materials especially, this technique offers a unique advantage as conventional methods such as TEM and EBSD will expose the structure to high energy electron beams that may significantly alter the microstructure and defect structure during analysis. Using this approach, we found interesting differences in term of X-ray peak broadening after deformation with different strain rates, which could indicate differences in plasticity mechanisms in the submicron pillars of indium, which could be important for its applications in nanodevices. Finally, understanding these differences could lead to better control of mechanical properties of low melting temperature metals at the nanoscales and thus have important implications for nanodevice reliability.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multislice forward modeling of coherent surface scattering imaging on surface and interfacial structures

To study nanostructures on substrates, surface-sensitive reflection-geometry scattering techniques such as grazing incident small angle X-ray scattering are commonly used to yield an averaged statistical structural information of the surface sample. Grazing incidence geometry can probe the absolute three-dimensional structural morphology of the sample if a highly coherent beam is used. Coherent surface scattering imaging (CSSI) is a powerful yet non-invasive technique similar to coherent X-ray diffractive imaging (CDI) but performed at small angles and grazing-incidence reflection geometry. A challenge with CSSI is that conventional CDI reconstruction techniques cannot be directly applied to CSSI because the Fourier-transform-based forward models cannot reproduce the dynamical scattering phenomenon near the critical angle of total external reflection of the substrate-supported samples. To overcome this challenge, we have developed a multislice forward model which can successfully simulate the dynamical or multi-beam scattering generated from surface structures and the underlying substrate. The forward model is also demonstrated to be able to reconstruct an elongated 3D pattern from a single shot scattering image in the CSSI geometry through fast-performing CUDA-assisted PyTorch optimization with automatic differentiation.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS2010

Sizing Single Cantilever Beam Specimens for Characterizing Facesheet/Core Peel Debonding in Sandwich Structure

This paper details part of an effort focused on the development of a standardized facesheet/core peel debonding test procedure. The purpose of the test is to characterize facesheet/core peel in sandwich structure, accomplished through the measurement of the critical strain energy release rate associated with the debonding process. The specific test method selected for the standardized test procedure utilizes a single cantilever beam (SCB) specimen configuration. The objective of the current work is to develop a method for establishing SCB specimen dimensions. This is achieved by imposing specific limitations on specimen dimensions, with the objectives of promoting a linear elastic specimen response, and simplifying the data reduction method required for computing the critical strain energy release rate associated with debonding. The sizing method is also designed to be suitable for incorporation into a standardized test protocol. Preliminary application of the resulting sizing method yields practical specimen dimensions.

Ratcliffe, James G.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Experimental studies in magnetically induced transverse force-frequency effect in thin quartz microresonators

In this work, the transverse force-frequency sensitivity of magnetostrictive Metglas{sup ®} (Fe{sub 85}B{sub 5}Si{sub 10}) thin film coated AT-cut thickness shear mode quartz thin plate microresonator (500 μm × 500 μm × 19 μm) is experimentally measured and modeled in Lagrangian formulation by coupling magnetostrictive deformation equations with the basic plate equations from the theory of small deformation. The quartz plate resonator is fabricated by micromachining techniques and released into fixed-free structure using focused ion beam milling. Application of a magnetic field results in the out-of-plane bending of the structure due to elastic coupling between the magnetostrictive Metglas{sup ®} and quartz resonator layers. As a result of the transverse loading and out-of-plane bending, the admittance characteristics of the resonator shifts, and these shifts are recorded in real time utilizing a network analyzer. The sensitivity is experimentally measured to be 162.3 mdeg/Oe for phase, corresponding to a frequency sensitivity of Δf/H = 11 Hz/Oe. The equivalent force-frequency sensitivity can then be calculated as 2.36 μN/Hz using the developed model. The coupled domain analysis fits well with the experimental data. Further reduction of quartz thickness and optimization of the thickness ratio of the magnetostrictive to quartz layers offers the possibility of exploiting the stress sensitivity of plate microresonators as sensitive magnetic field sensors capable of low nanoTesla to picoTesla level magnetic flux densities.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Fundamental edge broadening effects during focused electron beam induced nanosynthesis

In this study, we explore lateral broadening effects of 3D structures fabricated through focused electron beam induced deposition using MeCpPt(IV)Me 3 precursor. In particular, the scaling behavior of proximity effects as a function of the primary electron energy and the deposit height is investigated through experiments and validated through simulations. Correlated Kelvin force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy measurements identified conductive and non-conductive proximity regions. It was determined that the highest primary electron energies enable the highest edge sharpness while lower energies contain a complex convolution of broadening effects. In addition, it is demonstrated that intermediate energies lead to even more complex proximity effects that significantly reduce lateral edge sharpness and thus should be avoided if desiring high lateral resolution.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗