Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “MAGNETIZATION”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Selecting the Rotor’s Magnetic System in Electromechanical Energy Converters with Highly Coercive Permanent Magnets

The selection of the optimal magnetic system for a quadrupole electromechanical energy converter with highly coercive permanent magnets is considered, in the case of nonsteady operation in generator mode. The type of magnetic system corresponding to different optimality criteria is identified. The eddy-current losses in the highly coercive permanent magnets are analyzed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Structure, stability, and evolution of magnetic flux ropes from the perspective of magnetic twist

We investigate the evolution of NOAA Active Region (AR) 11817 during 2013 August 10–12, when it developed a complex field configuration and produced four confined, followed by two eruptive, flares. These C-and-above flares are all associated with a magnetic flux rope (MFR) located along the major polarity inversion line, where shearing and converging photospheric flows are present. Aided by the nonlinear force-free field modeling, we identify the MFR through mapping magnetic connectivities and computing the twist number T{sub w} for each individual field line. The MFR is moderately twisted (|T{sub w}|<2) and has a well-defined boundary of high squashing factor Q. We found that the field line with the extremum |T{sub w}| is a reliable proxy of the rope axis, and that the MFR's peak |T{sub w}| temporarily increases within half an hour before each flare while it decreases after the flare peak for both confined and eruptive flares. This pre-flare increase in |T{sub w}| has little effect on the AR's free magnetic energy or any other parameters derived for the whole region, due to its moderate amount and the MFR's relatively small volume, while its decrease after flares is clearly associated with the stepwise decrease in the whole region's free magnetic energy due to the flare. We suggest that T{sub w} may serve as a useful parameter in forewarning the onset of eruption, and therefore, the consequent space weather effects. The helical kink instability is identified as the prime candidate onset mechanism for the considered flares.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

A SURVEY OF MAGNETIC WAVES EXCITED BY NEWBORN INTERSTELLAR He{sup +} OBSERVED BY THE ACE SPACECRAFT AT 1 au

We report observations of low-frequency waves at 1 au by the magnetic field instrument on the Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE /MAG) and show evidence that they arise due to newborn interstellar pickup He{sup +}. Twenty-five events are studied. They possess the generally predicted attributes: spacecraft-frame frequencies slightly greater than the He{sup +} cyclotron frequency, left-hand polarization in the spacecraft frame, and transverse fluctuations with minimum variance directions that are quasi-parallel to the mean magnetic field. Their occurrence spans the first 18 years of ACE operations, with no more than 3 such observations in any given year. Thus, the events are relatively rare. As with past observations by the Ulysses and Voyager spacecraft, we argue that the waves are seen only when the background turbulence is sufficiently weak as to allow for the slow accumulation of wave energy over many hours.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Magnetic Flux Rope Shredding By a Hyperbolic Flux Tube: The Detrimental Effects of Magnetic Topology on Solar Eruptions

We present the analysis of an unusual failed eruption captured in high cadence and in many wavelengths during the observing campaign in support of the Very high Angular resolution Ultraviolet Telescope ( VAULT2.0 ) sounding rocket launch. The refurbished VAULT2.0 is a Ly α ( λ 1216 Å) spectroheliograph launched on 2014 September 30. The campaign targeted active region NOAA AR 12172 and was closely coordinated with the Hinode and IRIS missions and several ground-based observatories (NSO/IBIS, SOLIS, and BBSO). A filament eruption accompanied by a low-level flaring event (at the GOES C-class level) occurred around the VAULT2.0 launch. No coronal mass ejection was observed. The eruption and its source region, however, were recorded by the campaign instruments in many atmospheric heights ranging from the photosphere to the corona in high cadence and spatial resolution. This is a rare occasion that enabled us to perform a comprehensive investigation on a failed eruption. We find that a rising Magnetic Flux Rope (MFR)-like structure was destroyed during its interaction with the ambient magnetic field, creating downflows of cool plasma and diffuse hot coronal structures reminiscent of “cusps.” We employ magnetofrictional simulations to show that the magnetic topology of the ambient field is responsible for the destruction of the MFR. Our unique observations suggest that the magnetic topology of the corona is a key ingredient for a successful eruption.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

The twist of the draped interstellar magnetic field ahead of the heliopause: a magnetic reconnection driven rotational discontinuity

Based on the difference between the orientation of the interstellar B {sub ISM} and the solar magnetic fields, there was an expectation that the magnetic field direction would rotate dramatically across the heliopause (HP). However, the Voyager 1 spacecraft measured very little rotation across the HP. Previously, we showed that the B {sub ISM} twists as it approaches the HP and acquires a strong T component (east–west). Here, we establish that reconnection in the eastern flank of the heliosphere is responsible for the twist. On the eastern flank the solar magnetic field has twisted into the positive N direction and reconnects with the southward pointing component of the B {sub ISM}. Reconnection drives a rotational discontinuity (RD) that twists the B {sub ISM} into the −T direction and propagates upstream in the interstellar medium toward the nose. The consequence is that the N component of B {sub ISM} is reduced in a finite width band upstream of the HP. Voyager 1 currently measures angles (δ=sin{sup −1}(B{sub N}/B)) close to solar values. We present MHD simulations to support this scenario, suppressing reconnection in the nose region while allowing it in the flanks, consistent with recent ideas about reconnection suppression from diamagnetic drifts. The jump in plasma β (the plasma to magnetic pressure) across the nose of HP is much greater than in the flanks because the heliosheath β is greater there than in the flanks. Large-scale reconnection is therefore suppressed in the nose but not at the flanks. Simulation data suggest that B {sub ISM} will return to its pristine value 10–15 au past the HP.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Hybrid simulations of magnetic reconnection with kinetic ions and fluid electron pressure anisotropy

We present the first hybrid simulations with kinetic ions and recently developed equations of state for the electron fluid appropriate for reconnection with a guide field. The equations of state account for the main anisotropy of the electron pressure tensor.Magnetic reconnection is studied in two systems, an initially force-free current sheet and a Harris sheet. The hybrid model with the equations of state is compared to two other models, hybrid simulations with isothermal electrons and fully kinetic simulations. Including the anisotropicequations of state in the hybrid model provides a better match to the fully kinetic model. In agreement with fully kinetic results, the main feature captured is the formation of an electron current sheet that extends several ion inertial lengths. This electron current sheet modifies the Hall magnetic field structure near the X-line, and it is not observed in the standard hybrid model with isotropic electrons. The saturated reconnection rate in this regime nevertheless remains similar in all three models. Here, implications for global modeling are discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Analysis of ringing effects due to magnetic core materials in pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance circuits

This work presents investigations and detailed analysis of ringing in a non-resonant pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) circuit. Ringing is a commonly observed phenomenon in high power switching circuits. The oscillations described as ringing impede measurements in pulsed NMR systems. It is therefore desirable that those oscillations decay fast. It is often assumed that one of the causes behind ringing is the role of the magnetic core used in the antenna (acting as an inductive load). We will demonstrate that an LRC subcircuit is also set-up due to the inductive load and needs to be considered due to its parasitic effects. It is observed that the parasitics associated with the inductive load become important at certain frequencies. The output response can be related to the response of an under-damped circuit and to the magnetic core material. This research work demonstrates and discusses ways of controlling ringing by considering interrelationships between different contributing factors.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic flux studies in horizontally cooled elliptical superconducting cavities

Previous studies on magnetic flux expulsion as a function of cooldown procedures for elliptical superconducting radio frequency (SRF) niobium cavities showed that when the cavity beam axis is placed parallel to the helium cooling flow and sufficiently large thermal gradients are achieved, all magnetic flux could be expelled and very low residual resistance could be achieved. In this paper, we investigate flux trapping for the case of resonators positioned perpendicularly to the helium cooling flow, which is more representative of how SRF cavities are cooled in accelerators and for different directions of the applied magnetic field surrounding the resonator. We show that different field components have a different impact on the surface resistance, and several parameters have to be considered to fully understand the flux dynamics. A newly discovered phenomenon of concentration of flux lines at the cavity top leading to temperature rise at the cavity equator is presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Thermodynamics of the dipole-octupole pyrochlore magnet Ce 2 Hf 2 O 7 in applied magnetic fields

The recently discovered dipole-octupole pyrochlore magnet Ce 2 Hf 2 O 7 is a promising three-dimensional quantum spin liquid candidate which shows no signs of ordering at low temperature. Here we investigate the thermodynamic response to magnetic fields applied along the global [110] direction using specific heat measurements and fits using numerical methods, and solve the corresponding magnetic structure using neutron diffraction. Specific heat data in moderate fields are reproduced well, however, at high fields the agreement is not satisfactory. We especially observe a two-step release of entropy, a finding that demands a review of both theory and experiment. We address it within the framework of three possible scenarios, including an analysis of the crystal field Hamiltonian not restricted to the two-dimensional single-ion doublet subspace. We conclusively rule out two of these scenarios and find qualitative agreement with a simple model of field misalignment with respect to the crystalline direction. As a result, we discuss the implications of our findings for [111] applied fields and for future experiments on Ce 2 Hf 2 O 7 and its sister compounds.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Enhanced redox conductivity and enriched Geobacteraceae of exoelectrogenic biofilms in response to static magnetic field

A possible approach to enhance the performance of microbial electrochemical system such as microbial fuel cells is to increase the conductivity of catalytic biofilms and thereby the direct extracellular electron transfer within the biofilms and from the electrode. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of static low-intensity magnetic field on the anodic biofilms in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Here, results demonstrated that the application of a low-intensity magnetic field (105 and 150 mT) can significantly shorten the startup time and enhance the overall performance of single-chamber MFCs in terms of current density (300%) and power density (150%). In situ conductance evaluation indicated that short-term application of magnetic field can increase biofilm conductivity, although the long-term enhancements were likely results of increased conductivity of the anodic biofilms associated with enriched population of Geobacteraceae. The peak-manner response of conductivity over gate potentials and the positive response of mature biofilm conductance to low intensity of magnetic field support the redox conduction model of the conductive exoelectrogenic biofilms.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Monte Carlo Study of Magnetic and Thermal Phase Transitions of a Diluted Magnetic Nanosystem

Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method with the Metropolis algorithm is used to study the magnetic and thermal phase transition properties of a spherical nanoparticle. The system consists of two concentric spheres of rays R{sub C} and R{sub S}, respectively (R{sub c} < R{sub s}). For r < R{sub c}, the spin is σ = ±3 /2 and ±1 /2, and for R{sub C} < r ≤ R{sub S}, the spin is S = ±7 /2, + 5/2, ±3 /2, and ±1 /2 with antiferromagnetic interface coupling. Between R{sub C} and R{sub S}, the sites are populated with the probability (p). We present a detailed discussion on the magnetic and thermal phase transition characteristics of the system under consideration. Our investigations show that this system can be used as a magnetic nanostructure possessing potential applications in magnetism.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Magnetic Spectra of Soft Magnetic Composites Based on Fe-Si-Cr-B Amorphous and Carbonyl-Iron Powders

Fe–Si–Cr–B amorphous and carbonyl-iron powders insulated with phosphoric acid solution were used to prepare soft magnetic composites. The mass ratios of phosphoric acid insulation solution and the carbonyl-iron powder dependences of the magnetic spectrum, the density, and the resistivity were studied. Both the real part and the imaginary part of the core’s complex permeability increased after an initial decrease with the acid mass ratio increasing. This is similar to the variation tendency of the core’s density and opposite to the variation tendency of the core’s resistivity. The amount of the air gap, reflected by the density, was proposed to be the most important factor that has a great influence on the composite’s magnetic properties. The increase of the air gap reduced the effective demagnetizing field and the resistivity. This improved the permeability and the hysteresis loss and deteriorated the eddy-current loss. Carbonyl-iron powder addition was found to improve the moldability and the permeability of the composite based on the Fe-Si-Cr-B amorphous powder, although its loss was higher than that of the amorphous powder. All these findings can be referenced when designing an amorphous-based soft magnetic composite (SMC) core with balanced permeability, loss, and cost for high-frequency inductor within a MHz band.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

An unsteady flow of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carrier suspended in micropolar fluid through a porous tapered arterial stenosis under non-uniform magnetic field and periodic body acceleration

A mathematical model has been developed for pulsatile flow of blood through a tapered arterial stenosis in a porous medium under the influence of non-uniform magnetic field and periodic body acceleration treating blood as micropolar fluid carrying iron oxide nanoparticles. The governing equations of the system are solved numerically using finite difference schemes. The effects of stenotic height, taper angle, micropolar parameters, magnetic field, porosity, pulsatility, and magnetic nanoparticles on the flow of blood are analysed, and the results are represented graphically. It is significant to note that the flow parameters such as wall shear stress and flow resistance increase with increase in stenotic height, tapering parameter, magnetic field, pulsatile Reynolds number, time period, particle concentration, and particle mass parameters. Wall shear stress decreases with the increasing values of coupling number and it shows opposite behaviour in the case of flow resistance. Also increase in Darcy number leads to decrease in wall shear stress and flow resistance. The significance of treating blood as micropolar fluid is that the rotation of particles is taken into account. Cardiovascular diseases occur mainly due to abnormal blood flow in the arteries. To normalize the blood flow in the arteries, analysis of parameters involved in the study is essential. Hence, the present study has various applications in biomedical sciences. The effects of nanoparticles on blood flow analysed in the study have significant applications in delivery of drugs for treating cancer.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Observation of magnetic-field-induced transformation in MnCo 0.78 Fe 0.22 Ge alloys with colossal strain output and large magnetocaloric effect

The thermal, structural and magnetic properties were studied for the hexagonal MnCo0.78Fe0.22Ge alloys, which undergoes a first-order phase transformation from paramagnetic hexagonal phase into ferromagnetic orthorhombic martensite on cooling. Owing to the magnetostructural coupling, large magnetocaloric effect (Delta S-M= 10.97 J kg(-1) K-1) was obtained at 254 K. In-situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments were conducted to reveal the detailed change in crystallographic structure of phases and the effect of applied magnetic field on phase transformation behaviors. An anomalously huge strain of 11.89% and volume expansion of 4.35% in unit-cell were obtained between martensite and parent phase across the transformation. Furthermore, the magnetic field-induced martensitic transformation was directly evidenced at 250 K, which eventually demonstrates the possibility to achieve magnetic-field-induced strain and large magnetocaloric effect simultaneously.

in-situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction↗
DOE OSTI2022

Magnetic circuit for Abrikosov vortices: Vortex motion in a periodic labyrinth of magnetic T and I-shaped elements under a superconducting film

Here we explore tailored labyrinth-like vortex motion in a niobium film placed on top of periodic arrays of T and I -shaped permalloy elements by imaging the vortex distribution in magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the superconducting layer under different in-plane polarizations of the TI structure. At low temperatures, we observe pronounced meandering of vortex motion around the TI elements. Remarkably, vortices can easily penetrate the sample along the TI columns even though the average vortex pinning in the patterned area is larger than in a bare niobium film. Accordingly, at temperatures close to the superconducting transition temperature, T c , the voltagecurrent curves in the patterned area show an earlier departure from the zero-resistivity state at small currents, followed by slower growth with increasing current as compared to the un-patterned film. We present a model based on magnetostatic interactions between magnetic charges at the edges of the polarized TI-elements and single magnetic charges of induced vortices to account for this behavior. We expect that similar magnetic structures imposing labyrinth-like vortex motion could be used for collective entanglement of vortices envisioned in quantum circuit operations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of quaternary iron selenides: Ba{sub 2}FePnSe{sub 5} (Pn=Sb, Bi)

Two new barium iron pnictide–selenides, Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5}, were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state route and their crystal structures were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds are isomorphic to the high pressure phase Ba{sub 3}FeS{sub 5} and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with cell parameters of a=12.603(2)/12.619(2) Å, b=9.106(1)/9.183(1) Å, c=9.145(1)/9.123(1) Å and Z=4 for Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5}, respectively. According to differential scanning calorimetry, Ba{sub 2}FePnSe{sub 5} compounds exhibit high thermal stability and melt congruently at 1055(5) K (Pn=Sb) and 1105(5) K (Pn=Bi). Magnetic characterizations reveal strong antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions in both compounds resulting in an antiferromagnetic ordering at 58(1) K for Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and 79(2) K for Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5}. The magnetic interactions between Fe{sup 3+} centers, which are at least 6 Å apart from each other, are mediated by superexchange interactions. - Graphical abstract: In Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5} the magnetic interactions between Fe{sup 3+} centers, which are at least 6 Å apart from each other, are mediated by superexchange interactions. - Highlights: • New compounds Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5} have been synthesized. • The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. • Both compounds melt congruently at temperatures above 1000 K. • Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5} exhibit AFM ordering at 58 K (Sb) and 70 K (Bi). • Magnetic exchange between Fe{sup 3+} is mediated by either Se–Sb(Bi)–Se or Se–Ba–Se bridges.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of K Ln Se 2 ( Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) structures: A family of 2D triangular lattice frustrated magnets

Here, we report the detail synthesis, single crystal structure characterization and magnetic properties of KLnSe 2 series obtained via solid state molten flux growth method. The crystal structures were characterized using single crystal x-ray diffraction. The KLnSe 2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) series crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system with the space group of R-3m (No. 166). The overall structure contains two-dimensional (2D) layers made from edged shared LnSe 6 -octahedra. Ln 3+ ions form a perfect triangular magnetic lattice which propagates along ab-plane. These triangular lattices are separated by the K + ions. The magnetic properties confirm that, Ce, Pr and Nd do not show any long-range ordering down to 0.4 K indicating frustrated magnetism in the KLnSe 2 series.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Fe0.36(4)Pd 0.64(4)Se 2 : Magnetic Spin-Glass Polymorph of FeSe2 and PdSe2 Stable at Ambient Pressure

We report the synthesis and characterization of Fe 0.36(4) Pd 0.64(4) Se 2 with a pyrite-type structure. Fe 0.36(4) Pd 0.64(4) Se 2 was synthesized using ambient pressure flux crystal growth methods even though the space group Pa3 is high-pressure polymorph for both FeSe 2 and PdSe 2 . Combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveal magnetic spin glass state below 23 K in 1000 Oe that stems from random Fe/Pd occupancies on the same atomic site. The frozen-in magnetic randomness contributes significantly to electronic transport. Electronic structure calculations confirm dominant d-electron character of hybridized bands and large density of states near the Fermi level. Flux-grown single crystal alloys in Pd-Fe-Se atomic system therefore open new pathway for exploring different polymorphs in crystal structures and their novel properties. © 2019 American Chemical Society.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗