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Results for “MAGNETIC RESONANCE”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Identification and Quantification of Glycans in Whole Cells: Architecture of Microalgal Polysaccharides Described by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
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Linking Network Microstructure to Macroscopic Properties of Siloxane Elastomers Using Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mesoscale Computational Modeling
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Determination of hydroxyl groups in biorefinery resources via quantitative 31 P NMR spectroscopy [Determination of hydroxyl groups in biorefinery resources via quantitative 31 P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy]
The analysis of chemical structural characteristics of biorefinery product streams (such as lignin and tannin) has advanced substantially over the past decade, with traditional wet-chemical techniques being replaced or supplemented by NMR methodologies. Quantitative 31 P NMR spectroscopy is a promising technique for the analysis of hydroxyl groups because of its unique characterization capability and broad potential applicability across the biorefinery research community. This protocol describes procedures for (i) the preparation/solubilization of lignin and tannin, (ii) the phosphitylation of their hydroxyl groups, (iii) NMR acquisition details, and (iv) the ensuing data analyses and means to precisely calculate the content of the different types of hydroxyl groups. Compared with traditional wet-chemical techniques, the technique of quantitative 31 P NMR spectroscopy offers unique advantages in measuring hydroxyl groups in a single spectrum with high signal resolution. Furthermore, the method provides complete quantitative information about the hydroxyl groups with small amounts of sample (~30 mg) within a relatively short experimental time (~30–120 min).
Nuclear magnetic resonance study of ion adsorption on microporous carbide-derived carbon
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Structural insights into Lewis acid- and F4TCNQ-doped conjugated polymers by solid-state magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Molecular doping strategies facilitate orders of magnitude enhancement in the charge carrier mobility of organic semiconductors (OSCs). Understanding the different doping mechanisms and molecular-level constraints on doping efficiency related to the material energy levels is crucial to develop versatile dopants for OSCs. Given the compositional and structural heterogeneities associated with OSC thin films, insight into dopant–polymer interactions by long-range techniques such as X-ray scattering and electron microscopy is exceedingly challenging to obtain. This study employs short-range probes, solid-state (ss)NMR and EPR spectroscopy, to resolve local structures and intermolecular interactions between dopants such as F4TCNQ (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane), Lewis acid BCF (tris[pentafluorophenyl] borane) and Lewis base conjugated polymer, PCPDTBT (P4) (poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-hexadecyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]). Analysis of 1 H and 13 C ssNMR spectra of P4, P4 : F4TCNQ and P4 : BCF blends indicates that the addition of dopants induces local structural changes in the P4 polymer, and causes paramagnetism-induced signal broadening and intensity losses. The hyperfine interactions in P4 : BCF and P4 : F4TCNQ are characterized by two-dimensional pulsed EPR spectroscopy. For P4 : F4TCNQ, 19 F ssNMR analysis indicates that the F4TCNQ molecules are distributed and aggregated into different local chemical environments. By comparison, BCF molecules are intermixed with the P4 polymer and interact with traces of water molecules to form BCF–water complexes that serve as Brønsted acid sites, as revealed by 11 B ssNMR spectroscopy. These results indicate that the P4–dopant blends exhibit complex morphology with different distributions of dopants, whereby the combined use of ssNMR and EPR provides essential insights into how higher doping efficiency is observed with BCF and a mediocre efficiency is associated with F4TCNQ molecules.
Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles
This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Various labeling strategies, such as lipid membrane, surface protein, luminal, nucleic acid, radionuclide, quantum dot labels, and metal complex-based stains, are evaluated for visualizing and characterizing EVs. Direct labelling with fluorescent lipophilic dyes is simple but generally lacks specificity, while surface protein labelling offers selectivity but may affect EV-cell interactions. Luminal and nucleic acid labelling strategies have their own advantages and challenges. Here, each labelling approach has strengths and weaknesses, which require a suitable probe and technique based on research goals, but new tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as phosphorescent probes have strong phosphorescence, selective staining, and stability. Future research should prioritize the design of novel fluorescent probes and labelling platforms that can significantly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and specificity of EV labeling, while preserving their composition and functionality. It is crucial to reduce false positive signals and explore the potential of multimodal imaging techniques to gain comprehensive insights into EVs.
Carrier density and delocalization signatures in doped carbon nanotubes from quantitative magnetic resonance
Molecular charge transfer doping affords widely tunable carrier density and conductivity in s-SWCNTs (and OSCs in general), however, a pervasive challenge for such systems is reliable measurement of charge carrier density and mobility.
Changes in density fluctuations as a result of resonant magnetic perturbations correlate with the density inverse scale length
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Gyrokinetic simulations with external resonant magnetic perturbations: Island torque and nonambipolar transport with plasma rotation
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Reactor-relevant quiescent H-mode operation using torque from non-axisymmetric, non-resonant magnetic fields
Results from recent experiments demonstrate that quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) sustained by magnetic torque from non-axisymmetric magnetic fields is a promising operating mode for future burning plasmas. Using magnetic torque from n=3 fields to replace counter-I{sub p} torque from neutral beam injection (NBI), we have achieved long duration, counter-rotating QH-mode operation with NBI torque ranging from counter-I{sub p} to up to co-I{sub p} values of 1-1.3 Nm. This co-I{sub p} torque is 3 to 4 times the scaled torque that ITER will have. These experiments utilized an ITER-relevant lower single-null plasma shape and were done with ITER-relevant values of {nu}{sub ped}{sup *} and {beta}{sub N}{sup ped}. These discharges exhibited confinement quality H{sub 98y2}=1.3, in the range required for ITER. In preliminary experiments using n=3 fields only from a coil outside the toroidal coil, QH-mode plasmas with low q{sub 95}=3.4 have reached fusion gain values of G={beta}{sub N}H{sub 89}/q{sub 95}{sup 2}=0.4, which is the desired value for ITER. Shots with the same coil configuration also operated with net zero NBI torque. The limits on G and co-I{sub p} torque have not yet been established for this coil configuration. QH-mode work to has made significant contact with theory. The importance of edge rotational shear is consistent with peeling-ballooning mode theory. Qualitative and quantitative agreements with the predicted neoclassical toroidal viscosity torque is seen.
Electrically-detected magnetic resonance in semiconductor nanostructures inserted in microcavities
We present the first findings of the new electrically-detected electron spin resonance technique (EDESR), which reveal the point defects in the ultra-narrow silicon quantum wells (Si-QW) confined by the superconductor δ-barriers. This technique allows the ESR identification without application of an external cavity, as well as a high frequency source and recorder, and with measuring the only response of the magnetoresistance caused by the microcavities embedded in the Si-QW plane.
Comparison of the numerical modelling and experimental measurements of DIII-D separatrix displacements during H-modes with resonant magnetic perturbations
In this paper, numerical modelling of the plasma boundary position and its displacement due to external magnetic perturbations in DIII-D low-collisionality H-mode discharges is presented. The results of the vacuum model are compared to the experimental measurements for boundary displacements including Thomson scattering electron temperature T e , charge exchange recombination spectroscopy, beam emission spectroscopy, soft x-ray, and divertor Langmuir probe measurements. Magnetically perturbed discharges with toroidal mode number n = 2 and n = 3 are studied. It is shown that the vacuum model predictions agree well with the measurements above and below the midplane, and disagree at the outer midplane in discharges where significant kink amplification is present. Finally, the role of the plasma response is studied using the two-fluid MHD code M3D-C 1 , and the results are compared to the vacuum model showing that the plasma response model underestimates the boundary displacements.