Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “MAGNET SYSTEM”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Simple correction for the sample shape and radial offset effects on SQUID magnetometers: Magnetic measurements on Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} (Ln=Gd, Dy, Er) standards

An increased focus on magnetic measurements of oriented single crystals, thin films, and magnetically dilute systems has led to a demand for the measurement of weak magnetic moments. This level of sensitivity and precision can be achieved on SQUID magnetometers by decreasing the size of the detection coils. However, the smaller detection coils can amplify two errors in the magnitude of the measured moment, the sample shape and radial offset effects, which were small and typically unaccounted for on previous magnetometers. We report a simple method to determine the radial offset of a sample by taking advantage of the two basic scan modes, DC and lock-in, typically used on magnetometers. This technique allows for the correction of the sample shape and radial offset effects in order to obtain the true moment of a sample. To show the efficacy of this technique, we report the magnetic properties of Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} (Ln=Gd, Dy, Er). - Graphical abstract: Correction for the sample shape and radial offset effects on SQUID magnetometers using a combination of DC and VSM scan data. - Highlights: • Sample shape and radial offset effects alter the moment measured by magnetometers. • We present a simple method to correct for these sample effects on magnetometers. • We measure magnetic susceptibilities of Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} to show the efficacy of this method.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Thermo-magneto coupling in a dipole plasma

We observe the generation of a magnetic moment in a dipole plasma as a levitating magnet-plasma system moves in response to electron cyclotron heating and increasing {beta} (magnetically confined thermal energy). We formulate a thermodynamic model that interprets heating as injection of microscopic magnetic moments; the corresponding chemical potential is the ambient magnetic field.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Particle Acceleration and Pitch-angle Evolution in Relativistic Turbulence

Synchrotron radiation detected from relativistic astrophysical objects such as pulsar-wind nebulae and jets from active galactic nuclei depends on the magnetic fields and the distribution functions of energetic electrons in these systems. Relativistic magnetically dominated turbulence has been recognized as an efficient mechanism for structure formation and nonthermal particle acceleration in these environments. Recent numerical simulations of relativistic turbulence have provided insights into the energy distribution functions of accelerated electrons. Much less is currently understood about their pitch angle distributions, which are crucial for accurately interpreting the spectra of synchrotron radiation. We perform a detailed case study of the pitch angle distributions formed during the process of turbulent acceleration for B 0 /δB 0 = 10 and $\tilde{σ}$ 0 ~40, where B0 is the uniform component of the magnetic field, δB0 is the fluctuating component, and $\tilde{σ}$ 0 is the plasma magnetization based on the magnetic fluctuations. We find that even minimal numerical noise can cause substantial pitch angle scattering, but we demonstrate techniques for overcoming the numerical challenges associated with the evolution of very small pitch angles. Our numerical results are consistent with the phenomenological considerations found in C. Vega et al. (2024a, 2025).

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Long-time variation in magnetic structure of Ce(Ir x Rh 1– x ) 3 Si 2 : A new interpretation of time variation

Here, to clarify the key factor for the slow magnetic transitions in CeIr 3 Si 2 and other materials, magnetization and neutron scattering measurements have been carried out on the system Ce(Ir x Rh 1–x ) 3 Si 2 . In this system, a magnetic phase transition is accomplished through slow and fast processes. The fractions of these processes vary with the chemical composition x . A new interpretation of magnetic phase transitions, which includes the coexistence of two processes, is presented.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Operando nuclear magnetic resonance rotor insert

A magic angle sample spinning nuclear magnetic resonance system including a housing, a cryogenic fluid in the housing, a magnet in the housing, a probe in the housing, a magic angle sample spinning insert in the probe, a sample battery in the magic angle sample spinning insert, a photovoltaic cell in the magic angle sample spinning insert wherein the photovoltaic cell is connected to the sample battery, an optic fiber operatively connected to the photovoltaic cell, and a laser operatively connected to the optic fiber wherein the laser provides power to charge the sample battery during the magic angle sample spinning nuclear magnetic resonance.

Marple, Maxwell↗
DOE OSTI2016

The influence of electron discharge and magnetic field on calcium carbonate (CaCO{sub 3}) precipitation

The influences of electron discharge and magnetic field on calcium carbonate (CaCO{sub 3}) precipitation in water have been successfully investigated. The study used three pairs of magnetic field 0.1 T whilst the electron discharge was generated from television flyback transformer type BW00607 and stainless steel SUS 304 as an electrode. The water sample with an initial condition of 230 mg/L placed in the reactor with flow rate 375 mL/minutes, result showed that the electron discharge can be reduced contain of calcium carbonate the water sample around 17.39% within 2 hours. Meanwhile for the same long period of treatment and flow rate, around 56.69% from initial condition of 520 mg/L of calcium carbonate in the water sample can be achieved by three pairs of magnetic field 0.1 T. When the combination of three pairs of magnetic field 0.1 T and the electron discharge used for treatment, the result showed that the combination of electron discharge and magnetic field methods can be used to precipitate calcium carbonate in the water sample 300 mg/L around 76.66% for 2 hours of treatment. The study then investigated the influence of the polar position of the magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation. Two positions of magnetic field were tested namely the system with alternated polar magnetics and the system without inversion of the polar magnetics. The influence of the polar position showed that the percentage reduction in levels of calcium carbonate in the water sample (360 mg/L) is significant different. Result showed that the system without inversion of the polar magnetics is generally lower than the system with alternated polar magnetics, with reduction level at 30.55 and 57.69%, respectively.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Design of a Large 5 T Superconducting Magnet for Polarized Target for JLAB Hall B 12 GeV Upgrade Clas12 Detector

Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory (JLAB) will need a 5 T, 78 cm bore polarized target magnet with a field uniformity of {Delta}B/B{sub 0} <; 10{sup -4} in a useful cylinder of the dimensions 0.04 m long x 0.02 m in diameter. The large magnet is designed with a superconducting coil that provides the solenoid with nearly perfect self shielding in order to reduce the fringe field at nearby photo multiplier tubes (PMTs) to less than 3.5 mT. Because the solenoid is also very close to the Clas12 Torus, the nearly perfect shielding provided by the self shielded solenoid greatly reduces force, field, and torque interactions with the six-coil Torus magnet. The solenoid coil consists of 18 coil modules which are made of coils mounted in aluminum plate discs. Each coil module consists of dual double pancake coils with main coils and shield coil partitioned into separate winding cavities in the aluminum plate discs to distribute and reduce radial hoop load and radial coil forces. Each coil module is effectively an enclosed aluminum box and this serves to partition the axial load and thus reduces coil axial forces. Since overall coil forces within each coil module are reduced, this will greatly reduce the number coil training quenches. This is a very important consideration for this solenoid coil because the coil cooling is adiabatic, using in-direct conduction cooling by 4.5 K supercritical helium, which will provide only a relatively small temperature stability margin. Super critical helium is used as per JLAB specification. Detail design of the coil structure, coil assembly, cold mass, and cryogenic control will be presented. The magnet protection system shall be capable of the following features: (1) quench and fault detection, (2) fast discharge of the magnet, (3) limit fault voltages to safe values, (4) monitor interlock signals to prevent unsafe operation, and (5) provide control logic necessary for safe operation of the solenoid. The instrument systems shall be capable of the following features: (1) monitors and display temperatures within the solenoid magnet, (2) measure loads or stress on the magnet suspension, (3) monitor voltages within the solenoid magnet and charging bus, (4) monitor pressures and (5) use data logging system to save all sensor data. These systems will be described and a quench analysis presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

SU-F-T-409: Modelling of the Magnetic Port in Temporary Breast Tissue Expanders for a Treatment Planning System

Purpose: To model the magnetic port in the temporary breast tissue expanders and to improve accuracy of dose calculation in Pinnacle, a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). Methods: A magnetic port in the tissue expander was modeled with a radiological measurement-basis; we have determined the dimension and the density of the model by film images and ion chamber measurement under the magnetic port, respectively. The model was then evaluated for various field sizes and photon energies by comparing depth dose values calculated by TPS (using our new model) and ion chamber measurement in a water tank. Also, the model was further evaluated by using a simplified anthropomorphic phantom with realistic geometry by placing thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD)s around the magnetic port. Dose perturbations in a real patient’s treatment plan from the new model and a current clinical model, which is based on the subjective contouring created by the dosimetrist, were also compared. Results: Dose calculations based on our model showed less than 1% difference from ion chamber measurements for various field sizes and energies under the magnetic port when the magnetic port was placed parallel to the phantom surface. When it was placed perpendicular to the phantom surface, the maximum difference was 3.5%, while average differences were less than 3.1% for all cases. For the simplified anthropomorphic phantom, the calculated point doses agreed with TLD measurements within 5.2%. By comparing with the current model which is being used in clinic by TPS, it was found that current clinical model overestimates the effect from the magnetic port. Conclusion: Our new model showed good agreement with measurement for all cases. It could potentially improve the accuracy of dose delivery to the breast cancer patients.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

An innovative tri-directional broadband piezoelectric energy harvester

This paper presents a tri-directional piezoelectric energy harvester that is able to harvest vibration energy over a wide bandwidth from three orthogonal directions. The harvester consists of a main beam, an auxiliary beam, and a spring-mass system, with magnets integrated to introduce nonlinear force and couple the three sub-systems. Theoretical analysis and experiments were performed at constant acceleration under frequency sweeps to acquire frequency responses. The experimental results show that the voltage can achieve more than 2 V over more than 5 Hz of bandwidth with 1 MΩ load in the three orthogonal directions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Development of the beam extraction synchronization system at the Fermilab Booster

The new beam extraction synchronization control system called “Magnetic Cogging” was developed at the Fermilab Booster and it replaces a system called “RF Cogging” as part of the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). [1] The flux throughput goal for the PIP is 2.2×10 17 protons per hour, which is double the present flux. Thus, the flux increase will be accomplished by doubling the number of beam cycles which, in turn, will double the beam loss in the Booster accelerator if nothing else is done.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Structural and magnetic properties of Y-doped La{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} manganite system: Evidence of step-like magnetization

The magnetic and transport properties of bulk doped manganite, La{sub 0.5−y}Y{sub y}Sr{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} have been studied as a function of yttrium doping, y, for 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.25. In the absence of the yttrium this is a well studied half-doped manganite which is a metallic ferromagnet. The end members of this system (with y = 0 and 0.25) are found to be structurally different (rhombohedral and orthorhombic, respectively) due to the large distortions caused by the yttrium. These distortions make this series of compounds particularly interesting. The magnetization obtained in zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) studies show dramatic changes as the value of y is raised above 0.05. The magnetic behavior is further investigated by a study of the hysteresis loops, frequency dependent susceptibility and studies of the magnetic relaxation. The results are understood in terms of the average size of the cation on the A site, , and the variance, σ{sup 2} (= ∑y{sub i}{sup 2}r{sub i}{sup 2} - {sup 2}). The value of the variance, σ{sup 2}, increases rapidly with doping, y, induces melting of the long range ferromagnetic ordering, exhibiting a stepwise variation of magnetization (metamagnetic like). Based on the present results a magnetic phase diagram has been drawn demonstrating different magnetic phase sequences with the variation of σ{sup 2}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

SUB-ALFVENIC NON-IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE SIMULATIONS WITH AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION. III. IMPLICATIONS FOR OBSERVATIONS AND TURBULENT ENHANCEMENT

Ambipolar diffusion (AD) is believed to be a crucial process for redistributing magnetic flux in the dense molecular gas that occurs in regions of star formation. We carry out numerical simulations of this process in regions of low ionization using the heavy-ion approximation. The simulations are for regions of strong field (plasma {beta} = 0.1) and mildly supersonic turbulence (M=3, corresponding to an Alfven Mach number of 0.67). The velocity power spectrum of the neutral gas changes from an Iroshnikov-Kraichnan spectrum in the case of ideal MHD to a Burgers spectrum in the case of a shock-dominated hydrodynamic system. The magnetic power spectrum shows a similar behavior. We use a one-dimensional radiative transfer code to post-process our simulation results; the simulated emission from the CS J = 2-1 and H{sup 13}CO{sup +} J = 1-0 lines shows that the effects of AD are observable in principle. Linewidths of ions are observed to be less than those of neutrals, and we confirm previous suggestions that this is due to AD. We show that AD is unlikely to affect the Chandrasekhar-Fermi method for inferring field strengths unless the AD is stronger than generally observed. Finally, we present a study of the enhancement of AD by turbulence, finding that AD is accelerated by factor 2-4.5 for non-self-gravitating systems with the level of turbulence we consider.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Amorphous FeCoSiB for exchange bias coupled and decoupled magnetoelectric multilayer systems: Real-structure and magnetic properties

The effect of field annealing for exchanged biased multilayer films is studied with respect to the resultant structural and magnetic film properties. The presented multilayer stacks comprise repeating sequences of Ta/Cu/(1 1 1) textured antiferromagnetic Mn₇₀Ir₃₀ /amorphous ferromagnetic Fe₇₀.₂Co₇.₈Si₂B₁₀. Within the ferromagnetic layers crystalline filaments are observed. An additional Ta layer between the antiferromagnet and ferromagnet is used in order to investigate and separate the influence of the common Mn₇₀Ir₃₀/Fe₇₀.₂Co₇.₈Si₁₂B₁₀ interface on the occurring filaments and structural changes. In situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy is used for a comprehensive structure characterization of multilayer stacks for selected temperature stages. Up to 250 °C, the multilayers are structurally unaltered and preserve the as-deposited condition. A deliberate increase to 350 °C exhibits different crystallization processes for the films, depending on the presence of crystal nuclei within the amorphous ferromagnetic layer. The influence of volume-to-surface ratio of the multilayer stacks to the crystallization process is emphasized by the comparison of in situ and ex situ investigations as the respective specimen thickness is changed. Complementary magnetic studies reveal a defined exchange bias obtained at the first annealing step and a decrease of total anisotropy field with partial crystallization after the subsequent annealing at 350 °C.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spin-glass behaviors in carrier polarity controlled Fe{sub 3−x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 4} semiconductor thin films

Carrier-type control of spin-glass (cluster spin-glass) is studied in order to engineer basic magnetic semiconductor elements using the memory functions of spin-glass. A key of carrier-polarity control in magnetite is the valence engineering between Fe(II) and Fe(III) that is achieved by Ti(IV) substitution. Single phases of (001)-oriented Fe{sub 3−x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 4} thin films have been obtained on spinel MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Thermoelectric power measurements reveal that Ti-rich films (x = 0.8) show p-type conduction, while Ti-poor films (x = 0.6–0.75) show n-type conduction. The systematic Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) followed by Ti(IV) substitution in the octahedral sublattice is confirmed by the X-ray absorption spectra. All of the Fe{sub 3−x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 4} films (x = 0.6–0.8) exhibit ferrimagnetism above room temperature. Next, the spin-glass behaviors of Ti-rich Fe{sub 2.2}Ti{sub 0.8}O{sub 4} film are studied, since this magnetically diluted system is expected to exhibit the spin-glass behaviors. The DC magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements for the Ti-rich Fe{sub 2.2}Ti{sub 0.8}O{sub 4} film reveal the presence of the spin glass phase. Thermal- and magnetic-field-history memory effects are observed and are attributed to the long time-decay nature of remanent magnetization. The detailed analysis of the time-dependent thermoremanent magnetization reveals the presence of the cluster spin glass state.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Technical Note: High temporal resolution characterization of gating response time

Purpose: Low temporal latency between a gating ON/OFF signal and the LINAC beam ON/OFF during respiratory gating is critical for patient safety. Here the authors describe a novel method to precisely measure gating lag times at high temporal resolutions. Methods: A respiratory gating simulator with an oscillating platform was modified to include a linear potentiometer for position measurement. A photon diode was placed at linear accelerator isocenter for beam output measurement. The output signals of the potentiometer and diode were recorded simultaneously at 2500 Hz with an analog to digital converter for four different commercial respiratory gating systems. The ON and OFF of the beam signal were located and compared to the expected gating window for both phase and position based gating and the temporal lag times extracted. Results: For phase based gating, a real-time position management (RPM) infrared marker tracking system with a single camera and a RPM system with a stereoscopic camera were measured to have mean gate ON/OFF lag times of 98/90 and 86/44 ms, respectively. For position based gating, an AlignRT 3D surface system and a Calypso magnetic fiducial tracking system were measured to have mean gate ON/OFF lag times of 356/529 and 209/60 ms, respectively. Conclusions: Temporal resolution of the method was high enough to allow characterization of individual gate cycles and was primary limited by the sampling speed of the data recording device. Significant variation of mean gate ON/OFF lag time was found between different gating systems. For certain gating devices, individual gating cycle lag times can vary significantly.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Statistical Behavior of Formation Process of Magnetic Vortex State in Ni80Fe20 Nanodisks

Magnetic vortices in magnetic nanodots, which are characterized by an in-plane (chirality) and an out-of-plane (polarity) magnetizations, have been intensively attracted because of their high potential for technological application to data storage and memory scheme as well as their scientific interest for an understanding of fundamental physics in magnetic nanostructures. Complete understanding of the formation process of vortex state in magnetic vortex systems is very significant issue to achieve storage and memory technologies using magnetic vortices and understand intrinsic physical properties in magnetic nanostructures. In our work, we have statistically investigated the formation process of vortex state in permalloy (Py, Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20}) nanodisks through the direct observation of vortex structure utilizing a magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy (MTXM) with a high spatial resolution down to 20 nm. Magnetic imaging in Py nanodots was performed at the Fe L{sub 3} (707 eV) absorption edge. Figure 1 shows in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic components observed in 40 nm thick nanodot arrays with different dot radius of r = 500 and 400 nm, respectively. Vortex chirality, either clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW), and polarity, either up or down, are clearly visible in both arrays. To investigate the statistical behavior in formation process of the vortex state, the observation of vortex structure at a remanant state after saturation of nanodots by an external magnetic field of 1 kOe has been repeatedly performed over 100 times for each array. The typical MTXM images of vortex chirality taken in two successive measurements together with their overlapped images in nanodot arrays of r = 500 and 400 nm are displayed in Fig. 2. Within the statistical measurement, the formation process of chirality of either CW or CCW is quite stochastic in each nanodot. Similar behavior is also witnessed in the formation of vortex polarity observed in consecutive experiments of the same arrays. Interestingly, a particular selectivity between the circulation sense of chirality and orientation sense of polarity for each other is found in the formation process of vortex state despite of their respective stochastic generation in repeated measurements. Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (D-M) interaction in magnetic nanodisks, which is inevitably generated due to the breaking of inversion symmetry at surface/interface in magnetic thin layers, is mainly responsible for the experimentally witnessed selectivity between chirality and polarity in a formation of vortex structure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Magnetism in Non-Traditional Materials

We performed a systematic microscopic investigation of two completely dissimilar materials (namely, ZnO and rhombohedral-C 60 polymers) exhibiting ferromagnetism in the presence of defects, and showed that this new phenomena has a common origin and the mechanism responsible can be used as a powerful tool for inducing and tailoring magnetic features in systems which are not magnetic otherwise. Based on our findings we proposed a general recipe for developing ferromagnetism in new materials of great technological interest. Our results support the role of complimentary pairs of defects in inducing magnetism in otherwise non-magnetic materials belonging to two widely differing classes with no apparent correlation between them. In both classes, ferromagnetism is found to be enhanced when the two kinds of defects form structures (pathways) of alternating effective donor and acceptor crystal sites leading to the development of electron charge and spin density like waves.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Theoretical investigations of single particle spectroscopies of novel materials

The project focused on three areas in the theoretical investigation of quantum materials. The first was novel magnetism in low dimensional systems, especially chiral magnetism and topological spin textures that can arise in thin films and at interfaces. The second related to high temperature superconductivity, and particularly on understanding puzzling features of quantum oscillations. The third related to collaborations with experimentalists on angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of high Tc superconductors and charge density wave materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗