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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Infrasound Needs from a Future Geophysical Facility

Since the start of the SAGE/GAGE era, infrasound has become increasingly popular as both dedicated infrasound deplayments or coupled with other geophysical sensors for monitoring and research purposes, with interdisciplinary applications in both Earth and Atmospheric science. Infrasound can be used to study and monitor a variety of hazards that occur at or near the surface, including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and rapid gravity-driven mass movements. Because of this, it can help address some of the questions raised by recent community vision initiatives such as SZ4D (increase the understanding of the processes underlying subduction geohazards) and ERUPT (further our understanding of volcanic systems to help inform eruption forecasting). Many of the recommendations included here are topics of focus at workshops and conferences, including most recently at the November 2019 CONVERSE infrasound workshop. As NSF plans the successor to SAGE/GAGE, we advocate including infrasound in addition to the already-supported fields of seismology and geodesy. The two main features that we would like to see in the new facility are: 1) a community pool of infrasound instrumentation, and 2) the continuation and expansion of data management resources provided by the IRIS DMC.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Best Practices Guide: Benchmarking Energy Efficiency in Laboratories

Purpose and Audience A wide spectrum of laboratory owners, ranging from universities to federal agencies, have explicit goals for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reductions in their facilities. For example, new federal buildings and major renovations of existing buildings are to reduce fossil fuel-generated energy consumption by 90% in 2025, and 100% in 2030, compared with a 2003 baseline (FEMP n.d.). Minnesota SB2030 standard requires achieving an 80% reduction from the average building baseline for commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings (SB2030 n.d). A laboratory—new or existing—is much more likely to meet energy efficiency goals if quantitative metrics and targets are explicitly specified and tracked over the life cycle of the building, from design through construction, commissioning, operations, and renovations. If efficiency targets are not explicitly and properly defined, any additional capital costs or design time associated with attaining higher efficiencies can be difficult to justify relative to other priorities. The purpose of this guide is to provide guidance on how to specify and compute energy efficiency metrics and benchmarks for laboratories, at the whole-building as well as the system level. The information in this guide can be used to incorporate quantitative metrics and targets into new construction or retrofit of existing facilities. For information on strategies and technologies to achieve energy efficiency, the reader is referred to I2SL resources, including technology best practice guides and case studies.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

2020 Report - SRNL Aging and Lifetimes program tritium aging studies on structural alloys

This report documents work performed in calendar year 2020 at SRNL in support of the Aging and Lifetimes program. This work is part of an on-going collaboration between SRNL and SNL to understand tritium embrittlement of structural metals in Gas Transfer System reservoirs which informs lifetime assessments and lifetime predictions. In this effort, test coupons are precharged with tritium and allowed to age in a freezer to minimize tritium egress and allow for born-in helium levels to systematically increase. Coupons are then removed periodically and tested to develop an understanding of how mechanical properties degrade as helium levels increase. This report summarizes test results from coupons which are in various stages of aging as they were tritium precharged in previous years.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

September 2021 Operational Highlights

Bulleted highlights including progress report for NSRC's Rocky Flats Digitization Lab, the Online Vault bulk upload, patching and system updates, and information about publishing NSRC-produced The Vault .

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

2021 Report - SRNL Aging and Lifetimes program tritium aging studies on structural alloys

This report documents work performed in fiscal year 2021 at SRNL in support of the Aging and Lifetimes program. This work is part of an on-going collaboration between SRNL and SNL to understand tritium embrittlement of structural metals used in Gas Transfer System reservoirs, thereby informing lifetime assessments and predictions. In this effort, test coupons are pre-charged with tritium and allowed to age in a freezer to minimize tritium diffusion and off-gassing while allowing for born-in helium levels to systematically increase. Coupons are then removed periodically and tested to develop an understanding of how mechanical properties degrade as helium levels increase. This report summarizes test results from coupons which are in various stages of aging as they were tritium pre-charged in previous years. Tests were performed on 304L that was previously tritium pre-charged and allowed to age to nominally 300 appm helium. Specimens from this study were previously tested at 100 appm nominal helium content, and this new test point expands that study. Tensile testing of these heat treated 304L tubes (and welded tubes) aged to 100 appm helium were completed which provided a unique study of a diverse set of microstructures and yield strengths ranging from 200-800 MPa. Additionally, 304L notched and smooth tensile specimens aged to 300 appm helium were tensile tested to predetermined strains to provide for a systematic microscopy investigation of aging effects on microstructural damage in partnership with SNL. Testing was performed on 304L electron beam (EB) weld coupons as well as 21-6-9 annealed coupons that were thermally pre-charged in 2020. Tests on the EB welds were completed at 100 appm helium contents, and tests on the annealed 21-6-9 material were completed at 100, 200, and 300 appm helium. Table 0-1 provides the status of the ongoing tritium coupon aging studies. The table includes the year tritium pre-charging took place, the material, and the targeted helium concentrations (appm) for testing.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Using Splunk® Enterprise Search Commands for Advanced Analysis of Ivanti Connect Secure© Logs

Analyzing the logs of even the smallest Information Technology (IT) system can be a challenge considering they can generate millions of lines of log data in a very short time. Splunk® Enterprise is an industry leading tool that allows analysis of log data, which can enhance troubleshooting capabilities, improve system performance, and improve the security posture of an IT system. Ivanti Connect Secure© (ICS) is a market-leading platform powered by the Ivanti Secure Socket Layer Virtual Private Network (SSL VPN) appliance, providing an architecture for secure access to and protection of network resources. This paper describes an approach for using Splunk Enterprise search capabilities to perform advanced data analysis of ICS logs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantifying the Known Unknown: Including Marine Sources of Greenhouse Gases in Climate Modeling

Researchers have recently estimated that Arctic submarine permafrost currently traps 60 billion tons of methane and contains 560 billion tons of organic carbon in seafloor sediments and soil, a giant pool of carbon with potentially large feedbacks on the climate system. Unlike terrestrial permafrost, the submarine permafrost system has remained a “known unknown” because of the difficulty in acquiring samples and measurements. Consequently, this potentially large carbon stock never yet considered in global climate models or policy discussions, represents a real wildcard in our understanding of Earth’s climate. This report summarizes our group’s effort at developing a numerical modeling framework designed to produce a first-of-its-kind estimate of Arctic methane gas releases from the marine sediments to the water column, and potentially to the atmosphere, where positive climate feedback may occur. Newly developed modeling capability supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories now gives us the ability to probabilistically map gas distribution and quantity in the seabed by using a hybrid approach of geospatial machine learning, and predictive numerical thermodynamic ensemble modeling. The novelty in this approach is its ability to produce maps of useful data in regions that are only sparsely sampled, a common challenge in the Arctic, and a major obstacle to progress in the past. By applying this model to the circum-Arctic continental shelves and integrating the flux of free gas from in situ methanogenesis and dissociating gas hydrates from the sediment column under climate forcing, we can provide the most reliable estimate of a spatially and temporally varying source term for greenhouse gas flux that can be used by global oceanographic circulation and Earth system models (such as DOE’s E3SM). The result will allow us to finally tackle the wildcard of the submarine permafrost carbon system, and better inform us about the severity of future national security threats that sustained climate change poses.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Mechanistic FCCI model for BISON

In this report, multi-scale simulations to develop a mechanistic model of fuel-cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) conducted under the auspices of the Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program in FY23 are described. The model assumes that cladding wastage is dominated by the intermetallic phase (Fe,Cr)$_{17}$Nd$_2$, and calculates production and diffusion of Nd in the fuel, diffusion into the cladding, and formation and growth of the intermetallic wastage layer. Atomistic simulations are used to calculate diffusivity of Nd in the (Fe,Cr) system. Mesoscale simulations, informed by previous atomistic calculations, are used to determine the effective diffusivity of Nd through the fuel, accounting for empty and sodium-filled porosity within the fuel. The BISON model incorporates this data and calculates the wastage layer thickness as a function of time, assuming parabolic growth kinetics based on the best available data. The results of the new mechanistic BISON model are compared to existing assessment cases for the X447 experiment in EBR-II, and show good agreement with experimental data and the existing BISON empirical model. To improve predictions of kinetics for future work, a phase-field model that includes fuel, wastage, and cladding phases is developed. Preliminary testing indicates that the kinetics may differ significantly from the assumed parabolic growth law, suggesting direction for future improvement of the model that will allow it to be applied to other fuel designs with greater confidence.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Available DT fusion neutron sources

For consideration for diagnostic and technology development for a deuterium and tritium (DT) fusion system, we briefly list here the available DT fusion systems, their characteristic information, such as yields, flux, the pulse width, rep rate and approximate spectrum. We also briefly list other neutron sources for comparison. This is not meant to be exhaustive but a sampling of recent and available sources.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

National Wind Energy Workforce Assessment: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Needs

The wind workforce gap is defined as the disconnect between employers having difficulty finding qualified candidates while potential wind energy workers report having difficulty finding jobs and educational institutions having difficulty placing students in industry. For this assessment, a system dynamics model - informed by a survey effort completed in 2022 and other anecdotal research - was created to better understand potential scenarios and actions that could be used to help close the workforce gap. The survey was conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, in collaboration with BW Research Partnership, to understand the perspective of wind industry firms, wind educators, current wind energy industry employees, and current renewable energy students on the workforce pathways into the wind industry. The information gathered through the survey effort was used to help develop workforce estimation scenarios, gain insight into why the workforce gap exists, and evaluate areas of opportunity to reduce barriers of entry into the wind energy industry.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Best Practices Guide for Energy-Efficient Data Center Design

This guide provides an overview of best practices for energy-efficient data center design which spans the categories of information technology (IT) systems and their environmental conditions, data center air management, cooling and electrical systems, and heat recovery. IT system energy efficiency and environmental conditions are presented first because measures taken in these areas have a cascading effect of secondary energy savings for the mechanical and electrical systems. This guide concludes with a section on metrics and benchmarking values by which a data center and its systems energy efficiency can be evaluated. No design guide can offer “the most energy-efficient” data center design but the guidelines that follow offer suggestions that provide efficiency benefits for a wide variety of data center scenarios.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Using Ultrafast Entangled Photon Correlations to Measure the Temporal Evolution of Optically Excited Molecular Entanglement (Final Technical Report)

The goal of this project is to build an ultrafast entangled photon spectrometer and use it to measure theoretical predictions that photoexcited states are enhanced by spin-photon interactions. Entanglement of two states describes a specific type of quantum superposition in which measuring one state gives information about a second state. While entanglement is well explored for quantum information and computing systems, its effects on photoexcited states are less understood, especially in the ultrafast domains of molecular vibronic coupling. The grant designs a frequency and temporally resolved entangled photon spectrometer and uses it to test theoretical predictions like enhanced two photon absorption, non-reciprocal Fourier relations, and coupling of photons to spin systems. The end goal of the project is an understanding of how, when, and where entanglement is useful for spectroscopy.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2026

UNLOQ: UNderstanding coherence in Light-matter interfaces for Quantum Science (Final Technical Report)

The general goal of this project is to prepare next-generation quantum systems for novel quantum information science applications. Decades of research on quantum optics have provided revolutionary systems for manipulating atomic and photonic quantum coherence in transformative ways. Our hypothesis is that the next-generation quantum systems will come from nano-molecular quantum optics. Specifically, we are interested in coupling the electronic states of molecules or nanoparticles to the quantized radiation field inside an optical cavity to create a set of new photon-matter hybrid excitations, called polaritons. As opposed to atoms, the vibrational modes of molecules and nanoparticles provide new degrees of freedom to mediate the quantum transduction between electronic and photonic states, offering new ways to tune and ultimately control the quantum coherence of the integrated system. In this project we are interested in designing, fabricating, and characterizing the polaritons that arise from coupling CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) to a Fabry-Pérot optical cavity. Specific attention was paid to parameters of the system (cavity mode volume, quality factor, etc.) that would maximize the collective coupling strength. Through a combined theoretical and experimental approach, we were able to make important contributions to understanding NPL exciton-polariton photophysics including how to use cavity loss as a tunable parameter in order to manipulate the populations of the upper and lower polariton states. Finally, using state-of-the-art theoretical methods, we were able to show how the collective coupling of many molecular excitons in a cavity can protect polariton coherence from vibrationally-induced decoherence. In particular, for NPL-cavity polaritonic systems, the quantum coherence can be extended by over an order of magnitude at room temperature.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Monitoring Plan for the Idaho National Laboratory Remote Handled Low Level Waste Disposal Facility

This monitoring plan for Idaho National Laboratory’s Remote-Handled Low Level Waste Disposal Facility was developed to meet the requirements for monitoring low-level waste disposal facilities according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Order 435.1, “Radioactive Waste Management,” and the guidance provided in the associated technical standard “Disposal Authorization Statement and Tank Closure Documentation” (DOE-STD-5002-2017). The purpose of this monitoring plan is to document a monitoring strategy that includes (1) compliance monitoring activities to demonstrate compliance with regulatory standards/limits and (2) performance monitoring to build confidence the facility is performing as demonstrated in the facility performance assessment (PA) (DOE-ID 2018a), composite analysis (CA) (DOE ID 2012), and CA addendum (DOE-ID 2018b). The de minimus impact to the aquifer predicted by the PA suggests that aquifer compliance monitoring should be augmented with performance monitoring of the drainage course materials and sedimentary interbeds in the vadose zone beneath the facility to provide a more effective means of identifying performance deviations. The monitoring approach delineated in this document was informed by the systems evaluation of natural and engineered facility features presented in the PA, an assessment of aquifer baseline conditions (INL 2017d), the dose analysis conducted in support of the PA and CA, and monitoring data collected during the first four years of facility operations (baseline monitoring phase) (INL 2023b). This plan provides monitoring locations, sampling frequencies, and sampling methods; recommendations for data evaluation; and a description of the monitoring plan implementation. Collected data will be used to demonstrate facility compliance and to identify conditions that are not consistent with the key assumptions made by the PA and CA.

12 - MGMT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Linearized Distribution Optimal Power Flow for OEDI SI

This research is to meant to demonstrate the OEDI SI use case for distributed optimal power flow (DOPF). The goal was to formulate the optimal power flow problem in the distribution system for active and reactive power setpoints of PV systems using topology information and voltage measurements. The co-simulation runs every 15 minutes as outlined within the scenario file for the given feeder configuration. The linked GitHub repository includes five federates to achieve DOPF for the small, medium, large, and IEEE 123 feeder scenarios. We are using the OEDI SI framework, as well as the example feeder, sensor, recorder, and estimator federates provided in the example repository for OEDI SI. We also provide a runner script for switching between scenarios.

algorithm↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Historical, Near-Term, and Projected Drought in the Conterminous United States

Major droughts in the United States have heavily impacted the hydrologic system, negatively effecting energy and food production. Improved understanding of historical drought is critical for accurate forecasts. Data from global climate models (GCMs), commonly used to assess drought, cannot effectively evaluate local patterns because of their low spatial scale. This research leverages downscaled (~4 km grid spacing) temperature and precipitation estimates from nine GCMs’ data under the business-as-usual scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) to examine drought patterns. Drought severity is estimated using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with the Thornthwaite evapotranspiration method. The specific objectives were (1) To reproduce historical (1966–2005) drought and calculate near-term to future (2011–2050) drought patterns over the conterminous USA. (2) To uncover the local variability of spatial drought patterns in California between 2012 and 2018 using a network-based approach. Our estimates of land proportions affected by drought agree with the known historical drought events of the mid-1960s, late 1970s to early 1980s, early 2000s, and between 2012 and 2015. Network analysis showed heterogeneity in spatial drought patterns in California, indicating local variability of drought occurrence. The high spatial scale at which the analysis was performed allowed us to uncover significant local differences in drought patterns. This is critical for highlighting possible weak systems that could inform adaptation strategies such as in the energy and agricultural sectors.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Feature Engineering and Process Mining to Enable Hazard Detection in Health Information Technology

Motivation for this work originates from a recognized need for developing data-driven approaches through analysis of complex electronic health records. Specifically, we aim to enhance the reliability of health information technology (HIT) systems by detection of plausible HIT hazards in clinical order transactions. In the absence of well-defined event logs in corporate data warehouses, our proposed approach identifies relevant timestamped data fields that could indicate transactions in the clinical order life cycle generating raw event sequences. Subsequently, we adopt state transitions of the OASIS Human Task standard to map the raw event sequences and simplify the complex process that clinical radiology orders go through. We describe how the current approach provides the potential to investigate areas of improvement and potential hazards in HIT systems. The discussion concludes with a use case and opportunities for future applications.

Ozmen, Ozgur↗