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At least 793 records · Page 44

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NASA NTRS1973

Mapping northern Atlantic coastal marshlands, Maryland-Virginia, using ERTS imagery

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 data provides repetitive synoptic coverage for DC 00000 of wetland ecology, detection of change, and mapping or inventory of wetland boundaries and plant communities. ERTS-1 positive transparencies of Atlantic Coastal wetlands were enlarged to different scales and mapped using a variety of methods. Results of analysis indicate: (1) mapping of wetland boundaries and vegetative communities from imagery at a scale of 1:1,000,000 is impractical because small details are difficult to illustrate; (2) mapping to a scale of 1:250,000 is practical for defining land-water interface, upper wetland boundary, gross vegetative communities, and spoil disposal/dredge and fill operations; (3) 1:125,000 enlargements provide additional information on transition zones, smaller plant communities, and drainage or mosquito ditching. Overlays may be made directly from prints.

Anderson, R. R.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Study of application of ERTS-A imagery to fracture related mine safety hazards in the coal mining industry

The author has identified the following significant results. The utility of ERTS-1/high altitude aircraft imagery to detect underground mine hazards is strongly suggested. A 1:250,000 scale mined lands map of the Vincennes Quadrangle, Indiana has been prepared. This map is a prototype for a national mined lands inventory and will be distributed to State and Federal offices.

Wier, C. E.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Application of ERTS-1 imagery to detecting and mapping modern erosion features, and to monitoring erosional changes, in southern Arizona

The author has identified the following significant results. The red MSS band 5 gives the sharpest definition of modern arroyos. On the best images, modern arroy0s can be distinguished as narrow as 150 to 200 feet in reaches where their contrast with adjacent areas is only moderate, and as narrow as 60 to 75 feet where their contrast is high. Both the red and infrared bands show differences is soils and vegetation. In the late fall and winter imagery, band 7 generally is the most useful for mapping the areas of the more erodible soils. A map at 1:1,000,000 scale has been prepared that shows all the arroyos within the 17,000 square mile study area that have been identified from ERTS-1 images. Also, from U-2 color infrared airphotos, a 1:125,000 scale map has been made of a 50 mile reach along San Simon Wash, in southeastern Arizona. This map shows not only the arroyo channels and narrow flood plains that have developed since 1890, but also areas within a few miles of the wash that are severely guilled, severely sheet-eroded, and moderately sheet-eroded. Two important effects of the third largest recorded flood of the upper Gila River also have been determined from the ERTS-1 images. The inundated area is best displayed on band 7, and the areas of severe sand/gravel erosion/deposition show best on band 5.

Morrison, R. B.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Analysis of ERTS-1 imagery of Wyoming and its application to evaluation of Wyoming's natural resources

The author has identified the following significant results. The Wyoming investigation has progressed according to schedule during the Jan. - Feb., 1973 report period. A map of the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciation was compiled for northwest Wyoming from interpretations of glacial features seen on ERTS-1 imagery. Using isodensitometry as a tool for image enhancement, techniques were developed which allowed accurate delineation of small urban areas and provided distinction of broad classifications within these small urban centers.

Marrs, R. W.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Preliminary evaluation of the 15 October 1972 ERTS-1 imagery of east central Ohio (scene 1034-15415)

The author has identified the following significant results. Results of a general, physical interpretation of ERTS-1 imagery of east central Ohio are presented. Special emphasis is placed upon geologic features, such as linear features and hydrologic features. Man-made features are included as a matter of interest and image location. The interpretation is compared to available maps of the area and from this an assessment that ERTS-1 is potentially useful for updating and producing geological maps.

Pettyjohn, W. A.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Monitoring flood damage with satellite imagery

During analysis of ERTS-1 imagery for land use patterns a large impoundment of water was observed in a location that was normally farmland. Subsequent investigation revealed that the satellite had recorded the remaining floodwaters from a severe local rainstorm that had occurred four days prior to the overpass. The inundated area was measured using the automatic planimeter associated with the signal analysis and dissemination equipment located at the Remote Sensing Institute. The area measurement coupled with estimates of the land use and productivity of the region permitted an estimate of the crop damage loss for the inundated area.

Benson, L. A.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Mineral exploration and fracture trends in Utah and Nevada, by ERTS-1 imagery

The author has identified the following significant results. Major structural trends have been compiled on five separate maps, at a scale of 1:1,000,000, of Utah and Nevada from ERTS-1 imagery. An arbitrary length of ten kilometers has been chosen as a minimum length of the trends. The selection is based upon: (1) obvious displacement of structures; (2) continuity or persistence of trends across structures; (3) line-up of outcrop patterns, drainage, erosional features or vegetation; and (4) near-linear trends. Several recognizable trend directions have noted, viz., N 10-15 deg W, N 35 deg W, N 80 deg W, N 30 deg E, and E-W. More than 1500 structural trends have been identified, some of which are mineralized and extend into pediment or shallow alluvial cover. Those fracture trends that exhibit mineralization in exposed bedrock will be assayed for mercury content with a soil-gas analyzer and similar collection will be done over alluvial posture blankets by the same technique with the hope of discovering blind mineralized zones that are not exposed on the surface.

Jensen, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of usefulness of SKYLAB EREP S-190 and S-192 imagery in multistage forest surveys

The author has identified the following significant results. To transfer points from topographic maps to space platform imagery a generalized resection program has been developed in which any resection parameter can be enforced in the solution to any desired extent. This allows for the use of orbital parameters in the resection solution. In addition to the resection program, a technique has been developed applicable to space platform photography with which elevations can be assigned to digitzed map points through the use of digital terrain models. Using this technique tedious manual elevation assignment for thousands of digitized points can be avoided. The software to project the map points to the space platform image has also been developed and tested. Programs are being tested to relate the projected image coordinates to digital image tape locations so that any desired sample unit can be retrieved from the digital tapes with considerable accuracy.

Langley, P. G.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Application of ecological, geological and oceanographic ERTS-1 imagery to Delaware's coastal resources planning

The author has identified the following significant results. Coastal vegetation species appearing in the ERTS-1 images taken of Delaware Bay have been correlated with ground truth vegetation maps and imagery obtained from high altitude overflights. Multispectral analysis of the high altitude photographs indicated that four major vegetation communities could be clearly discriminated from 60,000 feet altitude including: (1) salt marsh cord grass; (2) salt marsh hay and spike grass; (3) reed grass; and (4) high tide bush and sea myrtle. In addition, human impact can be detected in the form of fresh water impoundments built to attract water fowl, dredge-fill operations and other alterations of the coastal environment. Overlay maps matching the USGS topographic map size of 1:24,000 have been prepared showing the four wetland vegetation communities, fresh water impoundments, and alteration of wetlands by mosquito control ditching and dredge-fill operations. Using these maps, ERTS-1 images were examined by human interpreters and automated multispectral analyzers. Major plant communities of (1) Spartina alterniflora, (2) Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata, and (3) Iva frutescens and Baccharis halimifolia can be distinguished from each other and from surrounding uplands in ERTS-1 scanner bands 6 and 7.

Klemas, V.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Overall evaluation of ERTS imagery for cartographic application

The author has identified the following significant results. The apparently successful fitting of a plane coordinate (UTM) grid to an ERTS-1 bulk image represents a breakthrough of potential economic importance. If such results continue to be attained it means that ERTS-1 imagery even in bulk form can be reproduced as planimetric image maps that meet National Map Accuracy Standards up to the 1:250,000 scale. Such maps permit positions of image points to be geodetically defined to within 75 meters (rms). Previous efforts to map with ERTS-1 images resulted in errors approaching 300 meters (rms).

Colvocoresses, A. P.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Investigation of the utility of ERTS-1 imagery for updating land use and resource data in Guatemala

The author has identified the following significant results. An intensive analysis of the imagery received has been completed and findings are reported. Conclusions are restricted by receipt of only limited amounts of cloud-free coverage of test areas. In most cases the interpretation findings were as anticipated from previous experience with multiband images. Band 7 provides promising indication of some economically important environmental communities. It also permits viewing through thin cirrus cloud layers for features of medium to high contrast. Band 4 provides information of submerged reefs and of movement of suspended sediment bodies in water areas. ERTS-1 bulk images have positional mapping accuracy adequate for representation at 1:1,000,000 scale maps. Cloud cover is a true constraint to useable satellite coverage.

Garcia, L. E.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Application of ERTS imagery to geological mapping

The author has identified the following significant results. In comparing the interpretation of the imagery with that of photomosaics, the following results were derived. The drainage networks of the RBV images show information in greater detail than the photomosaics, and maps, yet maintain scale differences. However, for the basins the mosaics and maps provide better information. The geomorphology is best interpreted in the images of the ERTS-1, not only for the regional countryside, but also for the morphological formations. It was concluded that the satellite images offer the better possibility for identifying the alignment of joints and faults. In the images the relation is 4 to 1. The considered N-S alignments were identified in both systems with a ratio of 2 to 1. The E-W alignments for the areas considered in the ERTS-1 images show a basic Paleozoic formation not previously detected.

Fernandez, A.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Application of ERTS-1 imagery to the study of caribou movements and winter dispersal in relation to prevailing snowcover

The author has identified the following significant results. Step-wise discriminate analysis has demonstrated the feasibility of feature identification using linear discriminate functions of ERTS-1 MSS band densities and their ratios. The analysis indicated that features such as small streams can be detected even when they are in dark mountain shadow. The potential utility of this and similar analytic techniques appears considerable, and the limits it can be applied to analysis of ERTS-1 imagery are not yet fully known.

Lent, P. C.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Utilizing ERTS-A imagery for tectonic analysis through study of Big Horn Mountains region

The author has identified the following significant results. Winter imagery in December 6-10, 1972 and January 11-13, 1972, provides optimum snow cover and depth such that, along with low sun angle, topography and drainage are markedly enhanced. Several features are visible that are poorly, or even not distinguishable on clear scenes without snow. Examples are Bear Butte (igneous plug) and Elkhorn Peak (dome) on scene (1136-17130), northeastern Black Hills, (1172-17130) a linear linking the Cascade anticline and Cretaceous hogbacks near Hot Springs, S. D. south to the Niobrara River, and (1140-17373) the Lake Basin fault zone north of Billings, Montana. Extremely heavy snows in April completely blot out all vegetation and topography in the Bighorn, Wind River, and Beartooth ranges.

Hoppin, R. A.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Use of satellite imagery for wildland resource evaluation in the Great Basin

The author has identified the following significant results. Most major vegetation types of Nevada have been mapped with success. The completed set of mosaic overlays will be more accurate and detailed than previous maps compiled by various State and Federal agencies due to the excellent vantage point that ERTS-1 data affords. This new vegetation type map will greatly aid resource agencies in their daily work. Such information as suitable grazing areas, wildlife habitat, forage production, and approximate wildland production potentials can be inferred from such a map. There has been some success in detecting vegetational changes with the use of ERTS-1 MSS imagery, but exposure differences have somewhat confounded the results. Future plans include work to solve this problem.

Tueller, P. T.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Crop identification using ERTS imagery

Digital analysis of August 15 ERTS-I imagery for southeastern South Dakota was performed to determine the feasibility of conducting crop surveys from satellites. Selected areas of bands 4, 5, 6, and 7 positive transparencies were converted to digital form utilizing Signal Analysis and Dissemination Equipment (SADE). The optical transmission values were printed out in a spatial format. Visual analysis of the printouts indicated that cultivated areas were readily distinguished from non-cultivated areas in all four bands. Bare soil was easily recognized in all four bands. Corn and soybeans, the two major crops in the area, were treated as separate classes rather than as a single class called row crops. Bands 6 and 7 provided good results in distinguishing between corn and soybeans.

Horton, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1973

An interregional analysis of natural vegetation analogues using ERTS-1 imagery

The identification of ecological analogs of natural vegetation and food crops using ERTS-1 imagery is discussed. Signatures of four natural vegetation analogs have been determined from color photography. Color additive techniques to improve the photointerpretation are examined. Tests were conducted at test sites in Louisiana, California, and Colorado.

Poulton, C. E.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of ERTS-1 imagery in mapping and managing soil and range resources in the Sand Hills Region of Nebraska

Interpretations of high altitude photography of test sites in the Sandhills of Nebraska permitted identification of subirrigated range sites as well as complexes of choppy sands and sands range sites, units composing approximately 85% of the Sandhills rangeland. These range sites form the basic units necessary for the interpretation of range condition classes used in grazing management. Analysis of ERTS-1 imagery acquired during August, September and October, 1972 indicated potential for the identification of gross differences in forage density within given range sites identified on early season aerial photography.

Seevers, P. M.↗