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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 793 records · Page 44
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DOE OSTI2018

Lévy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in s NN = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions

Here, we present a detailed measurement of charged two-pion correlation functions in 0–30% centrality √ s NN = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The data are well described by Bose-Einstein correlation functions stemming from Lévy-stable source distributions. Using a fine transverse momentum binning, we extract the correlation strength parameter λ, the Lévy index of stability α, and the Lévy length scale parameter R as a function of average transverse mass of the pair m T . We find that the positively and the negatively charged pion pairs yield consistent results, and their correlation functions are represented, within uncertainties, by the same Lévy-stable source functions. The λ(m T ) measurements indicate a decrease of the strength of the correlations at low m T . The Lévy length scale parameter R(m T ) decreases with increasing m T , following a hydrodynamically predicted type of scaling behavior. The values of the Lévy index of stability α are found to be significantly lower than the Gaussian case of α = 2, but also significantly larger than the conjectured value that may characterize the critical point of a second-order quark-hadron phase transition.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Ξ * photoproduction from threshold to W = 3.3 GeV

Here, the doubly-strange Ξ baryons provide an effective way to study a puzzle called the missing-baryons problem, where both quark models and lattice gauge theory predict more baryon excited states than are seen experimentally. However, few of these excited states have been observed with any certainty. Here, high-mass Ξ states have been searched for in photoproduction with the CLAS detector, and upper limits for the total cross sections have been established from threshold to W = 3.3 GeV. In addition, the total cross sections of the ground state Ξ¯(1320) and first excited state Ξ¯(1530) are presented, extending significantly the center-of-mass energy range of previous data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations for extracting event-by-event elliptic and triangular flow in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV

Here, we present measurements of elliptic and triangular azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles detected at forward rapidity 1 < |η| < 3 in Au + Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV, as a function of centrality. The multiparticle cumulant technique is used to obtain the elliptic flow coefficients v 2 {2}, v 2 {4}, v 2 {6}, and v 2 {8}, and triangular flow coefficients v3{2} and v3{4}. Using the small-variance limit, we estimate the mean and variance of the event-by-event v 2 distribution from v 2 {2} and v 2 {4}. In a complementary analysis, we also use a folding procedure to study the distributions of v 2 and v 3 directly, extracting both the mean and variance. Implications for initial geometrical fluctuations and their translation into the final-state momentum distributions are discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Anisotropic hydrodynamic modeling of 200 GeV Au-Au collisions

We compare phenomenological results from (3+1)-dimensional quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydroQP) with experimental data collected in RHIC 200 GeV Au-Au collisions. We present comparisons of identified particle spectra in different centrality clases, charged particle multiplicity versus pseudorapidity, identified particle multiplicity versus centrality across a wide range of particle species, identified particle elliptic flow versus transverse momentum, and charged particle elliptic flow as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity. We use the same aHydroQP and hadronic production/feed down codes that were used previously to describe LHC 2.76 TeV data. The aHydroQP hydrodynamic model includes the effects of both shear and bulk viscosities in addition to an infinite number of transport coefficients computed self-consistently in the relaxation time approximation. To convert to the final state hadrons, we use anisotropic Cooper-Frye freeze-out performed on a fixed-energy-density hypersurface and compute the production/feed down using a customized version of Therminator 2. Here, we find good agreement with many heavy-ion collision observables using only smooth Glauber initial conditions parametrized by an initial central temperature of T 0 = 455 MeV, a constant shear-viscosity-to-entropy-density ratio η/s = 0.179, and a switching (freeze-out) temperature of T FO = 130 MeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Measurement of ν ¯ μ charged-current single π - production on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region using MINERvA

The antineutrino scattering channel $\bar{\nu}_{\mu} \,\text{CH} \rightarrow \mu^{+} \,\pi^{-} \,X$(nucleon(s)) is analyzed in the incident energy range 1.5 to 10 GeV using the MINERvA detector at Fermilab. Differential cross sections are reported as functions of $\mu^{+}$ momentum and production angle, $\pi^{-}$ kinetic energy and production angle, and antineutrino energy and squared four-momentum transfer. Distribution shapes are generally reproduced by simulations based on the GENIE, NuWro, and GiBUU event generators, however GENIE (GiBUU) overestimates (underestimates) the cross-section normalizations by 8% (10%). Comparisons of data with the GENIE-based reference simulation probe conventional treatments of cross sections and pion intranuclear rescattering. The distribution of non-track vertex energy is used to decompose the signal sample into reaction categories, and cross sections are determined for the exclusive reactions $\mu^{+} \pi^{-} n$ and $ \mu^+ \pi^{-} p$. A similar treatment applied to the published MINERvA sample $\bar{\nu}_{\mu} \,\text{CH} \rightarrow \mu^{+} \,\pi^{0} \,X$(nucleon(s)) has determined the $\mu^{+} \pi^{0} n$ cross section, and the latter is used with $\sigma(\pi^{-} n)$ and $\sigma(\pi^{-} p)$ to carry out an isospin decomposition of $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced CC($\pi$). The ratio of magnitudes and relative phase for isospin amplitudes $A_{3}$ and $A_{1}$ thereby obtained are: $R^{\bar{\nu}} = 0.99 \pm 0.19$ and $\phi^{\bar{\nu}} = 93^{\circ} \pm 7^{\circ}$. Our results are in agreement with bubble chamber measurements made four decades ago.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter using a superfluid 4 He target

A promising technology concept for sub-GeV dark matter detection is described, in which low-temperature microcalorimeters serve as the sensors and superfluid 4 He serves as the target material. We name this concept “HeRALD,” helium roton apparatus for light dark matter. A superfluid helium target has several advantageous properties, including a light nuclear mass for better kinematic matching with light dark matter particles, copious production of scintillation light, extreme intrinsic radiopurity, high impedance to external vibration noise, and a unique “quantum evaporation” signal channel enabling the detection of phononlike modes via liberation of 4 He atoms into a vacuum. In this concept, both scintillation photons and triplet excimers are detected using calorimeters, including calorimeters immersed in the superfluid. Kinetic excitations of the superfluid medium (rotons and phonons) are detected using quantum evaporation and subsequent atomic adsorption onto a calorimeter suspended in vacuum above the target helium. The energy of adsorption amplifies the phonon/roton signal before calorimetric sensing, producing a gain mechanism that can reduce the technology’s recoil energy threshold below the calorimeter energy threshold. We describe signal production and signal sensing probabilities, and estimate the resulting electron recoil discrimination. We simulate radioactive backgrounds from gamma rays and construct an overall background spectrum expectation also including neutrons and solar neutrinos. Finally, we calculate projected sensitivities to dark matter–nucleon elastic scattering, demonstrating that even very small (sub-kg) target masses can probe wide regions of as-yet untested dark matter parameter space.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Search for an exotic S = – 2 , Q = – 2 baryon resonance in proton-proton interactions at s N N = 17.3 GeV

Pentaquark states have been extensively investigated theoretically in the context of the constituent quark model. In this paper results of an experimental search for pentaquarks in the Ξ – π – , Ξ – π + , Ξ ¯ + π – and Ξ ¯ + π + invariant mass spectra in proton-proton interactions at s = 17.3 GeV are presented. Previous possible evidence from the NA49 collaboration of the existence of a narrow Ξ – π – baryon resonance in p + p interactions is not confirmed with almost 10 times greater event statistics. The search was performed using the NA61/SHINE detector which reuses the main components of the NA49 apparatus. No signal was observed with either the selection cuts of NA49 or newly optimized cuts.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Underlying event measurements in p + p collisions at s = 200 GeV at RHIC

In this work, particle production sensitive to non-factorizable and non-perturbative processes that contribute to the underlying event associated with a high transverse momentum (p T ) jet in proton+proton collisions at p √s=200 GeV is studied with the STAR detector. Each event is divided into three regions based on the azimuthal angle with respect to the highest-p T jet direction: in the leading jet direction ("Toward"), opposite to the leading jet ("Away"), and perpendicular to the leading jet 3 ("Transverse"). In the Transverse region, the average charged particle density is found to be between 0.4 and 0.6 and the mean transverse momentum,$\langle$p T $\rangle$, between 0.5-0.7 GeV/c for particles with p T >0.2 GeV/c at mid-pseudorapidity (|η|<1) and jet p T >15 GeV/c. Both average particle density and $\langle$p T $\rangle$ depend weakly on the leading jet p T . Closer inspection of the Transverse region hints that contributions to the underlying event from initial- and final-state radiation are significantly smaller in these collisions than at the higher energies, up to 13 TeV, recorded at the LHC. Underlying event measurements associated with a high-p T jet will contribute to our understanding of QCD processes at hard and soft scales at RHIC energies, as well as provide constraints to modeling of underlying event dynamics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Double-differential inclusive charged-current ν μ cross sections on hydrocarbon in MINERvA at ( E ν ) ~ 3.5 GeV

MINERvA reports inclusive charged-current cross sections for muon neutrinos on hydrocarbon in the NuMI beamline. We measured the double-differential cross section in terms of the longitudinal and transverse muon momenta, as well as the single-differential cross sections in those variables. The data used in this analysis correspond to an exposure of 3.34×10 20 protons on target with a peak neutrino energy of approximately 3.5 GeV. Measurements are compared to the GENIE, NuWro and GiBUU neutrino cross-section predictions, as well as a version of GENIE modified to produce better agreement with prior exclusive MINERvA measurements. None of the models or variants were able to successfully reproduce the data across the entire phase space, which includes areas dominated by each interaction channel.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of inclusive electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays in p + p collisions at s = 200 GeV with the STAR detector

We report a new measurement of the production cross section for inclusive electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays as a function of transverse momentum (p T ) at midrapidity (|y| < 0.7) in p + p collisions at √s = 200 GeV. Overall, the result is presented for 2.5 < P T < 10 GeV/c with an improved precision above 6 GeV/c with respect to the previous measurements, providing more constraints on perturbative QCD calculations. Moreover, this measurement also provides a high-precision reference for measurements of nuclear modification factors for inclusive electrons from open-charm and -bottom hadron decays in heavy-ion collisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Study of e + e - → Ω - Ω ¯ + at center-of-mass energies from 3.49 to 3.67 GeV

Using data samples of e + e - collisions collected with the BESIII detector at eight center-of-mass energy points between 3.49 and 3.67 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 670 pb -1 , we present the upper limits of Born cross sections and the effective form factor for the process e + e - → $Ω$ - ⁢$\overline{Ω}$ + . A fit to the cross sections using a perturbative QCD-derived energy-dependent function shows no significant threshold effect. The upper limit on the measured effective form factor is consistent with a theoretical prediction within the uncertainty of 1⁢σ. These results provide new experimental information on the production mechanism of $Ω$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Longitudinal and transverse spin transfer to $Λ$ and $\overline{Λ}$ hyperons in polarized $p$ + $p$ collisions at √s = 200 GeV

The longitudinal and transverse spin transfers to Λ ($\overline{Λ}$) hyperons in polarized proton-proton collisions are expected to be sensitive to the helicity and transversity distributions, respectively, of (anti)strange quarks in the proton, and to the corresponding polarized fragmentation functions. We report improved measurements of the longitudinal spin transfer coefficient, D LL , and the transverse spin transfer coefficient, D TT , to Λ and $\overline{Λ}$ in polarized proton-proton collisions at √s = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The dataset includes longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 52 pb –1 , and transversely polarized proton-proton collisions with a similar integrated luminosity. Both datasets have about twice the statistics of previous results and cover a kinematic range of |η Λ ($\overline{Λ}$) | < 1.2 and transverse momentum p T , Λ($\overline{Λ}$) up to 8GeV/c. We also report the first measurements of the hyperon spin transfer coefficients D LL and D TT as a function of the fractional jet momentum z carried by the hyperon, which can provide more direct constraints on the polarized fragmentation functions

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for the e + e − → η b ( 1 S ) ω and e + e − → χ b 0 ( 1 P ) ω processes at s = 10.745 GeV

We search for the e + e − → η b ( 1 S ) ω and e + e − → χ b 0 ( 1 P ) ω processes at a center-of-mass energy of 10.745 GeV, which is close to the peak of the ϒ ( 10753 ) state. We use data collected by the Belle II experiment during a special run, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.8 fb − 1 . We reconstruct ω → π + π − π 0 decays and use the ω meson’s recoil mass to search for the signals. We do not find evidence for either process, and set upper limits on the corresponding Born-level cross sections of 2.5 pb and 7.8 pb, respectively, at the 90% confidence level. The χ b 0 ( 1 P ) ω limit is the result of a combination of this analysis and a previous search using full reconstruction. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for the production of deuterons and antideuterons in e + e − annihilation at center-of-mass energies between 4.13 and 4.70 GeV

Using a data sample of e + e − collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19 fb − 1 collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the production of deuterons and antideuterons via e + e − → p p π − d ¯ + c . c . for the first time at center-of-mass energies between 4.13 and 4.70 GeV. No significant signal is observed and the upper limit of the e + e − → p p π − d ¯ + c . c . cross section is determined to be from 9.0 to 145 fb depending on the center-of-mass energy at the 90% confidence level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Anharmonic effects in nuclear recoils from sub-GeV dark matter

Direct detection experiments are looking for nuclear recoils from scattering of sub-GeV dark matter (DM) in crystals, and have thresholds as low as ∼ 10 eV or DM masses of ∼ 100 MeV . Future experiments are aiming for even lower thresholds. At such low energies, the free nuclear recoil prescription breaks down, and the relevant final states are phonons in the crystal. Scattering rates into single as well as multiple phonons have already been computed for a harmonic crystal. However, crystals typically exhibit some anharmonicity, which can significantly impact scattering rates in certain kinematic regimes. In this work, we estimate the impact of anharmonic effects on scattering rates for DM in the mass range ∼ 1 – 10 MeV , where the details of multiphonon production are most important. Using a simple model of a nucleus in a bound potential, we find that anharmonicity can modify the scattering rates by up to two orders of magnitude for DM masses of O ( MeV ) . However, such effects are primarily present at high energies where the rates are suppressed, and thus only relevant for very large DM cross sections. We show that anharmonic effects are negligible for masses larger than ∼ 10 MeV . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for e + e − → K + K − ψ ( 3770 ) at center-of-mass energies from 4.84 to 4.95 GeV

Using e + e − collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 892 pb − 1 collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.84 to 4.95 GeV with the BESIII detector, we search for the process e + e − → K + K − ψ ( 3770 ) by reconstructing two charged kaons and one D meson from ψ ( 3770 ) . No significant signal of e + e − → K + K − ψ ( 3770 ) is found and the upper limits of the Born cross sections are reported at 90% confidence level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Study of e + e − → π + π − π 0 at s from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV at BESIII

With the data samples taken at center-of-mass energies from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, a partial wave analysis on the e + e − → π + π − π 0 process is performed. The Born cross sections for e + e − → π + π − π 0 and its intermediate processes e + e − → ρ π and ρ ( 1450 ) π are measured as functions of s . The results for e + e − → π + π − π 0 are consistent with previous results measured with the initial state radiation method within one standard deviation, and improve the uncertainty by a factor of ten. By fitting the line shapes of the Born cross sections for the e + e − → ρ π and e + e − → ρ ( 1450 ) π , a structure with mass M = 2119 ± 11 ± 15 MeV / c 2 and width Γ = 69 ± 30 ± 5 MeV is observed with a significance of 5.9 σ , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. This structure can be interpreted as an excited ω state. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for e + e − → η ′ ψ ( 2 S ) at center-of-mass energies from 4.66 to 4.95 GeV

Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 4.67 fb − 1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII Collider, we search for the process e + e − → η ′ ψ ( 2 S ) at center-of-mass energies from 4.66 to 4.95 GeV. No significant signal is observed, and upper limits for the Born cross sections σ B ( e + e − → η ′ ψ ( 2 S ) ) at the 90% confidence level are determined. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗