U.S. Incentives to Capture and Store CO 2
Fact sheet on the 45Q tax credit. 45Q was created in 2008 as a tax credit to incentivize the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects.
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SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Fuel Economy”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Carbon Storage Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
Fact sheet about carbon storage monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA). Includes background on MVA, the Energy & Environmental Research Center, and Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership Initiative plans for MVA strategy development.
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Section 45Q
Fact sheet on the 45Q tax credit. 45Q was created in 2008 as a tax credit to incentivize the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects.
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Demonstration CO 2 Storage in the PCOR Partnership Region
Fact sheet on Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership Initiative and the importance of CO 2 storage.
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PCOR Partnership Atlas 6th Edition, Revised
The Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership Atlas provides a profile of CO 2 sources and potential storage locations across the PCOR Partnership region. The revised sixth edition of the Atlas provides an up-to-date look at PCOR Partnership initiative activities, including additional regional characterization and updates on commercial projects. Additional background information on carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is included to give a better understanding of how CCUS addresses concerns about climate change while allowing future energy needs to be met.
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CO 2 Enhanced Oil Recovery in the Dickinson Lodgepole Mounds
This fact sheet describes the opportunity to use carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO 2 EOR) in the Dickinson Lodgepole Mounds of Stark County, North Dakota. It highlights how geology and established practices can increase oil production while securely storing CO 2 and supporting local communities.
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Guidance on EPAct Section 707 Emergency Repair and Restoration Vehicle Exclusions: EPAct State and Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Program Guidance Document
This is a guidance document on EPAct Section 707 emergency repair and restoration vehicle exclusions under the US DOE's Energy Policy Act (EPAct).
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Marine Fuel Innovation in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence Seaway
NLR collaborated with five Great Lakes ports to conduct analysis on potential risks and opportunities for making additional fuels available at their ports. The project included: Identifying existing and anticipated fuel production within the region; examining current port infrastructure and activities; exploring potential siting feasibility of additional energy infrastructure based on available area; introducing the Alternative Energy for Ports Explorer (APEX) tool to help ports understand existing energy resources and infrastructure. This presentation summarizes the work we did and our key findings.
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Parametric study of operating conditions of an SO 2 -depolarized electrolyzer
Large-scale hydrogen generation is needed to satisfy both existing commercial demands and the realization of a hydrogen economy. The hybrid sulfur cycle has the potential to meet this goal without the use of fossil fuels. The ability to model and predict how the electrolyzer step of the cycle is affected by independent and interdependent variables is vital to maximizing the efficiency of the overall cycle. Herein, we report that our parametric study of the SO 2 -depolarized electrolyzer, representing one half of the overall reaction cycle, has identified desirable conditions and will help guide further development for operation that will achieve the benchmarks for economic feasibility. We discuss the interactions among the inlet flow rates, applied current, and cell temperature and pressure, on the resulting cell voltage and acid concentration in the liquid product stream. For example, we find that using a sulfonated polybenzimidazole (s-PBI) membrane and a platinum catalyst, a constant current density of either 0.5 A cm -2 , 0.75 A cm -2 , or 1 A cm -2 with an acid concentration of 65 wt% H 2 SO 4 can be produced at a cell voltage of 0.59 V, 0.63 V, and 0.67 V, respectively, by maintaining a cell temperature of 130 °C, a pressure of 2 bar, and a water-to-SO 2 stoichiometry of 2.77. Finally, we discuss directions for future research based on the findings in this manuscript.
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Perspective—The Role of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Our Carbon-Neutral Future
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) offer the potential for compelling value propositions in stationary and transportation applications through their high efficiency and fuel flexibility—two critical characteristics that will allow them to facilitate our transition to a carbon neutral economy. This paper describes the overall integration synergies that can be realized in hybrid systems comprised of an SOFC and an engine bottom-cycle. The development to date is reviewed, and application-specific value propositions are explored. Finally, the environmental impact of hybrid systems are discussed, and key challenges to overcome are examined for this highly efficient conversion technology to achieve commercial success.
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Togiak Heat Recovery Project
Togiak is one of hundreds of Alaskan Native, roadless communities only accessible by boat or plane. This project constructed a heat recovery (HR) system which pipes what was previously wasted heat generated at the power plant to four nearby community buildings. The power plant houses diesel fired generators which provide electricity to the community. This project designed and constructed the system that recovers a portion of the heat produced by the generators and pipes it to the end-user buildings. The heat recovery system integrates with each building’s internal heating system. The objective is to significantly reduce the heating costs in these four community facilities. By reducing the energy use and cost in these community facilities, the local economy is strengthened by keeping the funds inside the community that were formerly used to purchase imported fuel, thereby multiplying the impact of the energy cost reduction. Energy independence is enhanced and energy resilience is increased by reducing dependence on long fuel supply chains which are easily interrupted by unpredictable natural and man-made disasters such as earthquakes, climate change, road rail and sea accidents, etc.
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Colorado (Pueblo) Regional DAC Hub TA-1: Feasibility (Phase 0a) (Final Technical Report)
This project supports the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) mission to reduce the environmental and climate impacts of fossil fuels and industrial processes, contributing to the goal of achieving net-zero emissions across the U.S. economy. The primary objective is to conduct a feasibility study for a Regional Direct Air Capture (DAC) Hub in the Southern Colorado region, northeast of Pueblo. The geographic construct of this hub is based on the Denver-Julesburg Basin – a geological area where a significant number of geological storage studies have been conducted (See Figure 1). The project will leverage the work of Project Eos, a CarbonSAFE Phase III study led by the Colorado School of Mines and CarbonAmerica. The DAC Hub aims to capture, store, and/or utilize at least 1,000,000 tonnes of CO 2 from the atmosphere annually. To achieve this, the project team is designing a system with an initial capacity of 100,000 tonnes per year. This feasibility-stage project will formulate the Regional DAC Hub concept and team to conduct the relevant analysis, networking and community stakeholder engagement necessary to advance the project to the design stage.
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Florida Regional DAC Hub
This project supported the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) mission to reduce the environmental and climate impacts of fossil fuels and industrial processes, contributing to the goal of achieving net-zero emissions across the U.S. economy. The primary objective is to conduct a feasibility study for a Regional Direct Air Capture (DAC) Hub in Bay County, Florida. This hub takes advantage of the region’s deep, permeable saline aquifers (Tuscaloosa Group, 1,500–2,150 meters deep), which have been the focus of numerous geological storage studies.
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The NASA Hydrogen Energy Systems Technology study - A summary
This study is concerned with: hydrogen use, alternatives and comparisons, hydrogen production, factors affecting application, and technology requirements. Two scenarios for future use are explained. One is called the reference hydrogen use scenario and assumes continued historic uses of hydrogen along with additional use for coal gasification and liquefaction, consistent with the Ford technical fix baseline (1974) projection. The expanded scenario relies on the nuclear electric economy (1973) energy projection and assumes the addition of limited new uses such as experimental hydrogen-fueled aircraft, some mixing with natural gas, and energy storage by utilities. Current uses and supply of hydrogen are described, and the technological requirements for developing new methods of hydrogen production are discussed.
Laumann, E. A.↗
New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report Introduction
The climate of the New York City metropolitan region is changing annual temperatures are hotter, heavy downpours are increasingly frequent, and the sea is rising. These trends, which are also occurring in many parts of the world, are projected to continue and even worsen in the coming decades because of higher concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests for agriculture. These changing climate hazards increase the risks for the people, economy, and infrastructure of New York City. As was demonstrated by Hurricane Sandy, coastal and low-lying areas, the elderly and very young, and lower-income neighborhoods are highly vulnerable. In response to these climate challenges, New York City is developing a broad range of climate resiliency policies and programs, as well as the knowledge base to support them. The knowledge base includes up-to-date climate, sea level rise, and coastal flooding projections; a Climate Resiliency Indicators and Monitoring System; and resiliency studies. A special attribute of the New York City response to these challenges is the recognition that both the knowledge base and the programs and policies it supports need to evolve through time as climate risks unfold in the coming decades. In early September 2012, just weeks before Hurricane Sandy hit, the New York City Council passed Local Law 42 that established the New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC) as an ongoing body serving the City of New York. The NPCC is required to meet at least twice each calendar year to review recent scientific data on climate change and its potential impacts, and to make recommendations on climate projections for the coming decades to the end of the century. These projections are due within one year of the publication of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports (http:www.ipcc.ch), or at least every three years. The NPCC also advises the Mayor's Office of Sustainability and the Mayor's Office of Recovery and Resiliency (ORR) on the development of a community- or borough-level communications strategy intended to ensure that the public is informed about the findings of the panel, including the creation of a summary of the climate change projections for dissemination to city residents.
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Alternative Fuels Data Center
This presentation provides an overview of the Alternative Fuels Data Center for the 2026 Transportation Technologies Annual Merit Review, including project objectives, milestone, approach to developing and maintaining the website, project accomplishments and progress, and collaboration with other national labs and external partners.
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Heavy-Duty Hydrogen Fueling Station Corridors
In this short technical report, we explore the range of levelized costs of dispensed hydrogen (H2) from hydrogen refueling (or fueling) stations (HRS) for H2 heavy-duty fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) that are feasible in the 2030 timeframe. We explore different scenarios by varying hydrogen delivery distances, HRS sizes, HRS utilization rates, and economies of scale in the Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM). Thus, we observe how the contribution to the levelized cost of each supply chain component changes.
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Lessons Learned from US Experience with Biofuels: Comparing the Hype with the Evidence
Biofuel production in the United States, primarily from corn, has more than doubled since 2007, leading to concerns about its unintended consequences for agricultural and fuel markets. To examine the validity of these concerns and inform the debate about biofuels and their impacts, we review ex ante projections and ex post evidence of the effects of biofuels on land use, food and fuel prices, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We find that biofuels expansion contributed to an initial significant increase in agricultural commodity prices, but these impacts have dissipated over time as crop productivity has increased and cropping patterns have changed. Simulated estimates of indirect land use change and the related GHG emissions intensity of biofuels have also declined sharply from their early levels, which is consistent with ex post evidence. Additionally, growth in biofuel production caused a very modest reduction in fossil fuel prices, implying a small fuel rebound effect. Overall, estimates imply that first-generation biofuels from corn have a lower carbon intensity than gasoline. Lastly, learning by doing, economies of scale, and technological improvements have made biofuels from corn increasingly competitive, reducing the need for subsidies and import tariffs. We conclude with a discussion of the lessons learned from the US biofuels experience.
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