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At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Simplified solution for stresses and deformations

A shortcut is presented to the classical Hertzian solution for local stress and deformation of two elastic bodies in contact, which employs simplified forms for the ellipticity and for the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds as a function of the geometry. Unlike previously proposed simplified formulas whose range of applicability was limited to ellipticities equal to, or greater than one, the present method extends the range of validity to include ellipticities less than one; in which the semimajor axis in the elliptical contact lies in a direction parallel to the rolling, rather than being perpendicular, as in previous studies. An auxiliary shear stress parameter is also expressed in simplified form as a function of the geometry, permitting a shortcut calculation to be made for the location and magnitude of the maximum subsurface shear stress.

Hamrock, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

On the Application of Deformation Kinetics to Nonlinear Constitutive Relations at Higher Temperatures

A single phenomenological constitutive equation is derived theoretically from first principles and applied to aluminum, tin and lead. The theory is based on deformation kinetics of steady creep in which the fundamental mechanism is atomic transport over potential barriers whose conformation is distorted by the application of a stress field. The form of the functional dependence of barrier distortion and stress over the entire temperature range is found to be a sigmoidal curve which tends to straight lines of a unit slope in the small and high stress regions. With this form of barrier distortion, the constitutive equation prediction the steady creep behavior of aluminum, tin and lead over a wide range of temperature and stress.

Valanis, K. C.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Pressure concentrations due to plastic deformation of thin films or gaskets between anvils

Plastic deformation of either a sample or a gasket between diamond anvils leads to large pressure concentrations, i.e., the maximum pressure can be many times the average pressure. This behavior is discussed using elementary plasticity theory for the case where the pressures are sufficiently low that the yield stress can be assumed not to vary with pressure. It is then shown that the pressure concentration factor can be even much larger when the yield stress of the sample at the highest pressure is much greater than the yield stress at the lowest pressure. This is illustrated with solid xenon where it is shown that the assumption that Nelson and Ruoff made about the pressure distribution in their xenon samples is incorrect. The pressure distribution is shown to be much steeper than assumed. Thus, the pressure they observed electrical conduction in xenon was above 1 Mbar.

Chan, K. S.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Shear zone ice deformation using supervised analysis of Seasat data

Spacecraft and aircraft Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) images are commonly used to compute sea ice conditions including especially the drift velocities of ice features. Recent developments, described in this paper, in computer-aided analysis and in digital image processing have extended the analysis speed and accuracy of registration to the point that ice deformation can be examined on the geophysically important scales of about 100 m over tens of kilometers between two 'snapshots.' Examples are shown for the ice motion and rotation in the shear zone near the Alaska coast from Seasat data in 1978.

Carsey, F.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Video model deformation system for the National Transonic Facility

A photogrammetric closed circuit television system to measure model deformation at the National Transonic Facility is described. The photogrammetric approach was chosen because of its inherent rapid data recording of the entire object field. Video cameras are used to acquire data instead of film cameras due to the inaccessibility of cameras which must be housed within the cryogenic, high pressure plenum of this facility. A rudimentary theory section is followed by a description of the video-based system and control measures required to protect cameras from the hostile environment. Preliminary results obtained with the same camera placement as planned for NTF are presented and plans for facility testing with a specially designed test wing are discussed.

Burner, A. W.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Influence of deformation behavior, oxydation, and temperature on the long time cyclic stress behavior of high temperature steels

The influence of different parameters on the creep-fatigue behavior of several steel alloys was investigated. The higher the temperature the lower the crack initiation value. Pauses during the cycle reduce the damage. Oxidation reduces and protective gas increases the lifetime. Prior loading and prior deformation reduce the lifetime. Short annealing slightly affects the cycle stress behavior. The test results do not satisfactorily agree with methods of extrapolation and damage accumulation.

Maile, K.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Tectonic deformation of the Andes and the configuration of the subducted slab in central Peru: Results from a micro-seismic experiment

The vast majority of the microearthquakes recorded occurred to the east: on the Huaytapallana fault in the Eastern Cordillera or in the western margin of the sub-Andes. The sub-Andes appear to be the physiographic province subjected to the most intense seismic deformation. Focal depths for the crustal events here are as deep as 50 km, and the fault plane solutions, show thrust faulting on steep planes oriented roughly north-south. The Huaytapallana fault in the Cordillera Oriental also shows relatively high seismicity along a northeast-southwest trend that agrees with the fault scarp and the east dipping nodal plane of two large earthquakes that occurred on this fault in 1969. The recorded microearthquakes of intermediate depth show a flat seismic zone about 25 km thick at a depth of about 100 km. This agrees with the suggestion that beneath Peru the slab first dips at an angle of 30 deg to a depth of 100 km and then flattens following a quasi-horizontal trajectory. Fault plane solutions of intermediate depth microearthquakes have horizontal T axes oriented east-west.

Suarez, G.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Effects of water-vapor on friction and deformation of polymeric magnetic media in contact with a ceramic oxide

The effects of humidity (water-vapor) in nitrogen on the friction and deformation behavior of magnetic tape in contact with a Ni-Zn ferrite spherical pin were studied. The coefficient of friction is markedly dependent on the ambient relative humidity. In elastic contacts the coefficient of friction increased linearly with increasing humidity; it decreased linearly when humidity was lowered. This effect is the result of changes in the chemistry and interaction of tape materials such as degradation of the lubricant. In plastic contacts there was no effect of humidity on friction below 40 percent relative humidity. There is no effect on friction associated with the breakthrough of the adsorbed water-vapor film at the interface of the tape and Ni-Zn ferrite. The coefficient of friction, however, increased rapidly with increasing relative humidity above 40 percent in plastic contacts.

Miyoshi, K.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Optimal measurement of ice-sheet deformation from surface-marker arrays

Surface strain rate is best observed by fitting a strain-rate ellipsoid to the measured movement of a stake network or other collection of surface features, using a least squares procedure. Error of the resulting fit varies as 1/(L delta t square root of N), where L is the stake separation, delta is the time period between initial and final stake survey, and n is the number of stakes in the network. This relation suggests that if n is sufficiently high, the traditional practice of revisiting stake-network sites on successive field seasons may be replaced by a less costly single year operation. A demonstration using Ross Ice Shelf data shows that reasonably accurate measurements are obtained from 12 stakes after only 4 days of deformation. It is possible for the least squares procedure to aid airborne photogrammetric surveys because reducing the time interval between survey and re-survey permits better surface feature recognition.

Macayeal, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Experimental deformation of polycrystalline H2O ice at high pressure and low temperature - Preliminary results

A preliminary study is carried out of involving 70 constant strain deformation tests on pure polycrystalline H2O ice under conditions covering most of the stability field of ice I sub h. Brittle failure of I sub h is found to be promoted by lower P, lower T, and higher strain rates. Ductile flow is found to be promoted by higher P, higher T, and lower strain rates. The brittle failure of ice I sub h is found to be most unusual. The fracture strength is a positive function of P only below 50 MPa. At pressures greater than this, the fracture strength is independent of P, and the fracture plane lies approximately 45 deg from the load axis. It is believed that existing extrapolation based on existing experimental data to Ganymede and Callisto may be badly in error.

Durham, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Large deformation analysis of layered composite shells

A three-dimensional element based on the total Lagrangian description of large deformations of a layered anisotropic composite medium is developed, validated, and used to analyze layered composite shells. The element contains the following features: geometric nonlinearity, dynamic (transient) behavior, and arbitrary lamination scheme and lamina properties. Numerical results of nonlinear bending, natural vibration, and transient response are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the element.

Chao, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Optimum placement of controls for static deformations of space structures

Many large space structures, such as large antennas, have to maintain a fairly exact shape to operate satisfactorily. Such structures require active and passive controls to maintain their accurate shape under disturbances. The present paper is concerned with optimum placement of controls for correcting static deformations. Both force actuators and heaters are considered for controls. A formulation of design against the worst disturbance is derived. A beam example is employed to demonstrate the procedure.

Haftka, R. T.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Elevated temperature compressive steady state deformation and failure in the oxide dispersion strengthened alloy MA 6000E

The compressive flow strength-strain rate behavior of the oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy MA 6000E has been studied in the temperature range 1144-1366 K, with strain rates ranging from 2.1 x 10 to the -5th to 2.1 x 10 to the -7th per s. It is found that the inherent strength of the alloy is essentially the same in all test directions and that the low strength observed in tensile tests results from the inability of grain boundaries to support high tensile stresses. The failure of MA 6000E under high-temperature, slow plastic flow conditions is shown to be the result of concentrated slip. Slow plastic deformation in MA 6000E can be described by a threshold stress model of creep where threshold stresses are calculated from relatively fast testing procedures and the effective stress exponent for creep is assumed to be 3.5.

Whittenberger, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Stress-derivative control of keystoning deformation in finite element codes

The stress derivative technique for control of keystoning deformation in under-integrated finte elements is based on expansion of the stress in a Taylor series about the element center and retention of additional terms beyond the constant stress term. It has the advantage over other control techniques that keystoning resistance is provided by actual rather than artificial material properties. Application of this technique to the quadrilateral ring elements used for modelling solids of revolution subjected to axisymmetric loads is described. In a cylindrical coordinate system additional terms appear in the formulation which must be dealt with in arriving at a workable keystoning control scheme.

Schulz, J. C.↗