Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “#science”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 3: Collision Risk for Animals around Turbines

The potential for marine animals to encounter and collide with turbines, especially tidal and river turbines, along with the biological, ecological, and regulatory consequences of any such interactions, remain active areas of research and topics of global interest. Uncertainty and knowledge gaps associated with collision risk continue to present challenges within consenting/permitting (hereafter consenting) processes for turbine developments. Consequently, collision risk continues to be the focus of significant research effort, which in recent years has included environmental monitoring of operational devices and arrays. This chapter addresses the overall progress and growth in knowledge across this topic area, and specific progress related to marine mammals, fish, and seabirds. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-3-collision

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 4: Risk to Marine Animals from Underwater Noise Generated by Marine Renewable Energy Devices

In all ocean environments, desirable locations for wave and tidal energy development have multiple natural sources of sound (e.g., waves, wind, and sediment transport), varying levels of anthropogenic and biological noise, and measurement quality challenges (e.g., flow-noise, self-noise). Many marine animals rely on sound for biological functions, including communication, social interaction, orientation, foraging, and evasion. The extent to which marine animals detect and produce sound varies by frequency (spanning roughly four decades from 10 Hz to 100 kHz) and is taxa-specific. Because of the relatively limited data available, hearing sensitivity is often generalized to taxonomic groups (e.g., cetaceans that have low-frequency hearing specialization). https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-4-underwater-noise

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 5: Risk to Animals from Electromagnetic Fields Emitted by Electric Cables and Marine Renewable Energy Devices

Interest in the potential effects of anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMFs) within the marine environment has increased in recent years, in part as a result of advanced knowledge gained from conducting dedicated research studies. To understand and interpret the potential environmental interactions of marine renewable energy (MRE)-related EMF emissions, it is necessary to consider the source of the EMFs and address the source within the context of the knowledge about the electro- and magneto-sensitivity of marine species. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-5-electromagnetic-fields

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 6: Changes in Benthic and Pelagic Habitats Caused by Marine Renewable Energy Devices

Most marine renewable energy (MRE) devices must be attached to the seafloor in some way, either through gravity foundations, pilings, or anchors, and with mooring lines, transmission cables, and devices themselves in the water column. Physical changes in benthic and pelagic habitats have the potential to alter species occurrence or abundance at a localized scale, lead to some level of habitat loss, provide opportunities for colonization by non-native species, alter patterns of ecological succession, modify ecosystem functioning, and affect behavioral responses of marine organisms. The transformation of the seafloor and/or water column habitat to new hard substratum because of the presence of the MRE devices may also lead to artificial reef effects or changes in animal behavior. While there is no indication that MRE devices affect marine habitats differently than other structures currently and historically placed in the ocean, regulators and stakeholders may continue to have concerns. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-6-habitat-changes

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 8: Encounters of Marine Animals with Marine Renewable Energy Device Mooring Systems and Subsea Cables

Many marine renewable energy (MRE) technologies, including floating or midwater wave and tidal devices, require mooring systems (i.e., mooring lines and anchors) to maintain their position within the water column or on the sea surface. In the case of some devices such as tidal kites, these lines and cables can be highly dynamic. An array of non-bottom-mounted devices may also include transmission cables within the water column interconnecting devices to one another, or to offshore substations or hubs on the seabed. The potential for these lines and cables to present hazards for marine animals that may become entangled or entrapped in them, or confused by their presence remains an issue of uncertainty. The degree to which mitigation to avoid or reduce entanglement risk might be required for future MRE installations is yet to be determined, pending greater understanding of the actual nature of the risk. In this chapter, the entanglement or entrapment of a marine animal is defined as the cause to become caught in a system without possibility of escaping. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-8-moorings

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 11: Marine Spatial Planning and Marine Renewable Energy

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is advocated internationally as an improved approach to managing marine activities that addresses competing sectors and balances environmental, social, and economic interests. The benefits of MSP are cited as being increased transparency and certainty for industry, improved environmental protection, reduced sectoral conflicts, and providing opportunities for synergies. Approaches to implementation of MSP vary by country and sometimes within countries. As a relatively new and novel approach to managing marine activities, it can be difficult to determine when success has occurred or what might constitute more effective and efficient management systems. The growth of marine renewable energy (MRE) will result in the increasing use of sea space and potential for conflict with existing marine uses, both of which can be addressed, in part, through implementation of MSP. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-11-marine-spatial-planning

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 12: Adaptive Management Related to Marine Renewable Energy

As the marine renewable energy (MRE) industry is rapidly ramped up from single devices to commercial-scale deployments, developers and regulators will need evidence of the environmental effects of MRE to inform project development and consenting/permitting (hereafter consenting) processes. Uncertainty surrounding the potential impacts of novel RE technologies on sensitive marine animals, habitats, and ecosystem processes means that even robust baseline environmental information cannot comprehensively address all pre-deployment knowledge gaps. Tools and practical approaches are needed to help with the sustainable development of the industry. Adaptive management (AM), also referred to as learning by/while doing, enables projects to be deployed incrementally, despite uncertainty, in a way that prevents unacceptable harm to the marine environment. If rigorously implemented, this approach may provide a reliable mechanism for closing knowledge gaps, thereby retiring risks for future MRE developments. This chapter explores and suggests a pathway for applying a passive approach to AM for the consenting of single devices and array-scale MRE projects. Complementary information is available online at https://tethys.pnnl.gov/state-of-thescience-2020 -supplementaryadaptive-management. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-12-adaptive-management

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 13: Risk Retirement and Data Transferability for Marine Renewable Energy

Commercial-scale marine renewable energy (MRE) developments continue to progress slowly, in part because of complicated consenting/permitting (hereafter consenting) processes that invoke the precautionary principle within environmental legislative frameworks. This can lead to broad, poorly scoped environmental assessments, lengthy and expensive environmental data collection requirements, and extended consenting timelines. Much of this delay is associated with uncertainty about the potential effects of MRE on marine animals and habitats. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-13-risk-retirement

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2020

Bioprocessing Separations Consortium Three-Year Overview: Technical Advances Process Economics Influence, and State of the Science

The Bioprocessing Separations Consortium solves separations challenges that are unique to bioprocessing. To do this, the Consortium uses two methods: applying existing technologies to new challenges and developing new technologies that may address these unique challenges better than today’s commercial technologies. In its research and development, the Consortium leverages its three core capabilities: materials development and evaluation, process development, and analysis and computation. In its first three years, from 2016 to 2019, the Consortium addressed four critical challenges in biochemical and thermochemical processing. First, the Consortium targeted the fractionation of lignin to enable valorization of this portion of biomass that offers diverse, complex, and valuable building blocks and products. Second, Consortium researchers developed technologies to enable process intensification, which can reduce equipment needs, energy consumption, and waste generation, thereby cutting bioprocessing capital costs and rendering processes more efficient. Third, the Consortium sought to recover carbon from dilute aqueous streams that are common to bioprocessing; recovering dilute carbon can improve process efficiency and economics. Finally, Consortium researchers designed and developed new materials and catalysts to reduce targeted foulants and poisons in bioprocessing streams that can limit the lifetime of downstream catalysts or fermenting microorganisms. Table 1 lists the technologies that were examined and places them in the context of the Consortium’s capabilities, types of bioprocesses, and critical challenges in bioprocessing separations. Overall, across these projects, we have developed separations technologies for 10 bioprocesses, addressed 9 target compounds in bioprocessing, developed 10 materials, and evaluated 4 processes for cost and sustainability.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

UT-GOM2-2 Prospectus: Science and Sample Distribution Plan

The University of Texas (UT), Genesis of Methane Hydrate in Coarse-Grained Systems: Northern Gulf of Mexico Slope Project (GOM2), will perform the UT-GOM2-2 drilling and coring expedition in the Terrebonne Basin, Gulf of Mexico outer continental shelf. This is the scientific plan for the acquisition, storage, analysis, and distribution of core and other collected samples for UT-GOM2-2.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Science & Technology Review - July 2021 Issue

In the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, Lawrence Livermore researchers mobilized to address emerging challenges and develop capabilities for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 virus and fighting COVID-19, the diseased caused by the virus. As described in the article beginning on p. 4, the Laboratory’s Innovation and Partnerships Office provided technology transfer expertise to deploy existing, in-development, and new technologies to help detect SARS-CoV-2 and treat COVID-19.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Women in Data Science Livermore Datathon 2024

The WiDS Datathon 2024 focuses on a prediction task using a roughly 39k record dataset (split into training and test sets) representing patients and their characteristics (age, race, BMI, zip code), their diagnosis and treatment information (breast cancer diagnosis code, metastatic cancer diagnosis code, metastatic cancer treatments, … etc.), their geo (zip-code level) demographic data (income, education, rent, race, poverty, …etc), as well as toxic air quality data (Ozone, PM25 and NO2) that tie health outcomes to environmental conditions. Each row in the data corresponds a single patient and her Diagnosis Period.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Engineering Microbial Communities: Frontier Science for the Bioeconomy Workshop Series

In nature, biological systems are shaped by complex interactions of diverse microorganisms such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses living within communities called microbiomes (Berg et al. 2020; Prescott 2017). These collective interactions result in emergent community properties that can be leveraged for beneficial purposes such as bioenergy and biomolecule production. Given this potential and the immensity of microbial genomic diversity, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program has long invested in research to better understand the biology of environmental microbes and microbiomes.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗