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At least 775 records · Page 43

Neutral hydrogen in elliptical galaxies with nuclear radio sources and optical emission lines

An H I detection survey of eleven elliptical galaxies with powerful nuclear radio sources was conducted, using the 305 m antenna of Arecibo Observatory, to test the hypothesis that large H I mass is conductive to the formation of nuclear radio sources in elliptical galaxies. The H I was detected in emission in UGC 09114 and was possibly detected in absorption in UGC 06671. Observations of the remaining galaxies were not sensitive enough to support or refute the hypothesis. Data was combined from other H I surveys and spectroscopic surveys to search for correlations of H I mass with other galactic properties and environmental conditions. Strong correlations of (O II) lambda 3727 emission with H I content and with nuclear radio power were found. The latter two properties may simply indicate, respectively, whether a significant amount of gas is available to be ionized and whether energy is provided by nuclear activity for ionization. No dependence of H I content on optical luminosity or on degree of isolation from other galaxies was found.

Dressel, L. L.↗

Excitons in 2D Magnets

Theoretical abilities that we built: In our QSGW formalism, the electronic eigenfunctions are calculated self-consistently in presence of the ladder e-h vertex corrections to the screened Coulomb exchange. Charge and self-energies are recalculated iterated until the desired tolerance is achieved in the one-particle Green's function. Further, to include the multi-determinantal (spin-flip structure of multiplets) nature of many body correlations we combine QSGW with DMFT. Below we explore various classes of strongly correlated magnetic systems where excitons are sufficiently described within either the QSGW or the QSGW +DMFT approach. In the process, we establish the digrammatic requirements for a minimum-sufficient theory for describing excitons in large classes of materials.

2D magnets↗

Exotic Superconductivity in Correlated Electron Systems

Over the past decades, the search for high-T c superconductivity (SC) and its novel superconducting mechanisms is one of the most challenging tasks of condensed matter physicists and material scientists, wherein the most striking achievement is the discovery of high- c and unconventional superconductivity in strongly correlated 3d-electron systems, such as cuprates and iron pnictides/chalcogenides. Those exotic superconductors display the behaviors beyond the scope of the BCS theory (in the SC states) and the Landau-Fermi liquid theory (in the normal states). In general, such exotic superconductivity can be seen as correlated electron systems, where there are strong interplays among charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom. Thus, we focus on the exotic superconductivity in materials with correlated electrons in the present special issue.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

A correlative comparison of the ring current and auroral electrojects usig geomagnetic indices

From a study of the 21 largest geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 21, a strong correlation is established between the ring current index Dst and the time-weighted accumulation of the 1-hour auroral electrojets indices, AE and AL. The time-weighted accumulation corresponds to convolution of the auroral electrojet indices with an exponential weighting function with an e-folding time of 9.4 hours. The weighted indices AE(sub w) and AL(sub w) have correltation coefficients against Dst ranging between 0.8 and 0.95 for 20 of the 21 storms. Correlation over the entire solar cycle 21 database is also strong but not as strong as for an individual storm. A set of simple Dst prediction functions provide a first approximation of the inferred dependence, but the specific functional relationship of Dst (AL(sub w)) or Dst (AL(sub w)) varies from one storm to the next in a systematic way. This variation reveals a missing parametric dependence in the transfer function. However, our results indicate that auroral electroject indices are potentially useful for predicting storm time enhancements of ring current intensity with a few hours lead time.

Cade, W. B., III↗

Efficient and accurate treatment of electron correlations with correlation matrix renormalization theory

We present an efficient method for calculating the electronic structure and total energy of strongly correlated electron systems. The method extends the traditional Gutzwiller approximation for one-particle operators to the evaluation of the expectation values of two particle operators in the many-electron Hamiltonian. The method is free of adjustable Coulomb parameters, and has no double counting issues in the calculation of total energy, and has the correct atomic limit. We demonstrate that the method describes well the bonding and dissociation behaviors of the hydrogen and nitrogen clusters, as well as the ammonia composed of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms. We also show that the method can satisfactorily tackle great challenging problems faced by the density functional theory recently discussed in the literature. The computational workload of our method is similar to the Hartree-Fock approach while the results are comparable to high-level quantum chemistry calculations.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Exchange–correlation entropy from the generalized thermal adiabatic connection

Warm dense matter is a highly energetic phase characterized by strong correlations, thermal effects, and quantum mechanical electrons. Thermal density functional theory is commonly used in simulations of this challenging phase, driving the development of temperature-dependent approximations to the exchange–correlation free energy. Approaches using the adiabatic connection formula are well known at zero temperature and have been recently leveraged at non-zero temperatures as well. In this work, a generalized thermal adiabatic connection (GTAC) formula is proposed, introducing a fictitious temperature parameter. This allows extraction of the exchange–correlation entropy S XC using simulated interaction strength scaling. Here, this procedure uses a Hellmann–Feynman approach to express the exchange–correlation entropy in terms of a temperature- and interaction strength-dependent exchange–correlation potential energy. In addition, analysis of S XC as a function of interaction strength suggests new forms for approximations, and GTAC itself offers a new framework for exploring both the exact and approximate interplay of temperature, density, and interaction strength across a wide range of conditions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Anisotropy of stress correlation in two-dimensional liquids and a pseudospin model

Liquids are condensed matter in which atoms are strongly correlated in position and momentum. The atomic pair density function (PDF) is used often in describing such correlation. However, elucidation of many properties requires higher degrees of correlation than the pair correlation. For instance, viscosity depends upon the stress correlations in space and time. We examine the cross correlation between the stress correlation at the atomic level and the PDF for two-dimensional liquids. We introduce the concept of the stress-resolved pair distribution function (SRPDF) that uses the sign of atomic-level stress as a selection rule to include particles from density correlations. The connection between SRPDFs and stress correlation function is explained through an approximation in which the shear stress is replaced by a pseudospin. Lastly, we further assess the possibility of interpreting the long-range stress correlation as a consequence of short-range Ising-like pseudospin interactions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Correlations of Power-law Spectral and QPO Features In Black Hole Candidate Sources

Recent studies have shown that strong correlations are observed between low frequency QPO s and the spectral power law index for a number of black hole candidate sources (BHCs), when these sources exhibit quasi-steady hard x-ray emission states. The dominant long standing interpretation of QPO's is that they are produced in and are the signature of the thermal accretion disk. Paradoxically, strong QPO's are present even in the cases where the thermal component is negligible. We present a model which identifies the origin of the QPO's and relates them directly to the properties of a compact coronal region which is bounded by the adjustment from Kepleriaa to sub-Kelperian inflow into the BH, and is primarily responsible for the observed power law spectrum. The model also predicts the relationship between high and low frequency QPO's and shows how BH's can be unique identified from observations of the soft states of NS's and BHC's.

Fiorito, Ralph↗

Universal thermodynamics of an SU ( N ) Fermi-Hubbard model

The SU(2) symmetric Fermi-Hubbard model (FHM) plays an essential role in strongly correlated fermionic many-body systems. In the one particle per site and strongly interacting limit U/t $\gg$ 1, it is effectively described by the Heisenberg Hamiltonian. In this limit, enlarging the spin and extending the typical SU(2) symmetry to SU(N) has been predicted to give exotic phases of matter in the ground state, with a complicated dependence on N. This raises the question of what—if any—are the finite-temperature signatures of these phases, especially in the currently experimentally relevant regime near or above the superexchange energy. We explore this question for thermodynamic observables by numerically calculating the thermodynamics of the SU(N) FHM in the two-dimensional square lattice near densities of one particle per site, using determinant quantum Monte Carlo and numerical linked cluster expansion. Interestingly, we find that for temperatures above the superexchange energy, where the correlation length is short, the energy, number of on-site pairs, and kinetic energy are universal functions of N. Although the physics in the regime studied is well beyond what can be captured by low-order high-temperature series, we show that an analytic description of the scaling is possible in terms of only one- and two-site calculations.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Forecasting Coronal Mass Ejections from Vector Magnetograms

Identification of active regions from which Earthward halo Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are likely to originate is important both for understanding how CMEs are produced and for prediction of hazardous space weather. In previous work, from a set of 17 MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center) vector magnetograms of 12 bipolar active regions situated within +/- 2 days of rotation from central meridian, we have evaluated four different measures of the global nonpotentiality of the magnetic field of each active region, and have found that the nonpotentiality of these active regions is strongly correlated with their CME productivity during the time interval of +/- 2 days centered on the day of the magnetogram: strongly nonpotential bipolar active regions are much more likely to produce a CME during this interval that are weakly nonpotential bipolar active regions. To further establish the use of active-region nonpotentiality for forecasting CMEs, we have expanded the sample to 19 additional bipolar active regions, with vector magnetograms taken with the upgraded MSFC vector magnetograph from September 2000 through June 2001 with support from our LWS grant (M. J. Hagyard, PI). The four global measures of nonpotentiality are the length of strong-shear, strong-field main neutral line, the net current, and two other measures of the overall twist in the magnetic field of the active-region bipole. We find: 1) The statistical significance of the correlation of the nonpotentiality of active regions with their CME productivity within +/- 2 days of the day of the magnetogram is greater than 99%. 2) 67% of the strongly nonpotential active regions produced CMEs within the +/- 2 day window, while only 17% of the weakly nonpotential ones did. 3) The statistical significance of the correlation of the nonpotentiality of active regions with their CME productivity during 0-2 days after the day of the magnetogram is about 97%. 4) 42% of the strongly nonpotential active regions produced CMEs within the 0-2 day window, while only 10% of the weakly nonpotential ones did. 5) The four different measures of an active region's nonpotentiality agree most of the time in their classification of the nonpotentiality as strong or weak (75%-90% depending on the pair of measurements). Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.

Moore, R. L.↗

Catalytic manganese oxide nanostructures for the reverse water gas shift reaction

Understanding the fundamental structure–property relationships of nanomaterials is critical for many catalytic applications as they comprise of the catalyst designing principles. In this paper, we develop efficient synthetic methods to prepare various MnO 2 structures and investigate their catalytic performance as applied to the reverse Water Gas Shift (rWGS) reaction. We show that the support-free MnO derived from MnO 2 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures are highly selective (100% CO 2 to CO), thermally stable catalysts (850 °C) and differently effective in the rWGS. Up to 50% conversion is observed, with a H 2 /CO 2 feed-in ratio of 1 : 1. From both experiments and DFT calculations, we find the MnO 2 morphology plays a critical role in governing the catalytic behaviors since it affects the predominant facets exposed under reaction conditions as well as the intercalation of K + as a structural building block, substantially affecting the gas-solid interactions. The relative adsorption energy of reactant (CO 2 ) and product (CO), Δ E = E ads (CO 2 ) - E ads (CO), is found to correlate linearly with the catalytic activity, implying a structure–function relationship. Lastly, the strong correlation found between E ads (CO 2 ) - E ads (CO), or more generally, E ads (R) - E ads (P), and catalytic activity makes Δ E a useful descriptor for characterization of efficient catalysts involving gas-solid interactions beyond the rWGS.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

WE-AB-207B-12: Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Dose-Volume Clinical Toxicity and Patient Reported Outcomes in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with SBRT

Purpose: To determine in a prospective study, the correlation between radiation dose/volume, clinical toxicities and patient-reported, quality of life (QOL) resulting from lung SBRT. Methods: For 106 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving SBRT (12 Gy × 4), symptoms including cough, dyspnea, fatigue and pneumonitis were measured at baseline (before treatment), after treatment and 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Toxicity was graded from zero to five. Dosimetric parameters such as the MLD, D10%, D20%, and lung subvolumes (V10 and V20) were obtained from the treatment plan. Dosimetric parameters and number of patients demonstrating toxicity ≥ grade 2 were tabulated. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate correlations between MLD and D10, D20, V10 and V20. Results: The percentages of patients with > grade 2 pneumonitis, fatigue, cough, and dyspnea over 3 to 12 months increased from 0.0% to 3.5%, 3.2% to 10.5%, 4.3% to 8.3%, and 10.8% to 18.8%, respectively. Computed dose indices D10%, D20% were 7.9±4.8 Gy and 3.0±2.3 Gy, respectively. MLD ranged from 0.34 Gy up to 9.9 Gy with overall average 3.0±1.7 Gy. The averages of the subvolumes V10 and V20 were respectively 8.9±5.3% and 3.0±2.4%. The linear regression analysis showed that V10 and D10 demonstrated the strongest correlation to MLD; R2= 0.92 and 0.87, respectively. V20, and D20 were also strongly correlated with MLD; R2 = 0.81 and 0.84 respectively. A correlation was also found to exist between MLD > 2 Gy and ≥ grade 2 cough and dyspnea. Subvolume values for 2Gy MLD were 5.3% for V10 and 2% for V20. Conclusion: Dosimetric indices: MLD ≥ 2Gy, D10 ≥ 5Gy and V10 ≥ 5% of the total lung volume were predictive of > grade 2 cough and dyspnea QOL data. The QOL results are a novel component of this work. acknowledgement of the Varian grant support.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

A groundwater convection model for Rio Grande rift geothermal resources

It has been proposed that forced convection, driven by normal groundwater flow through the interconnected basins of the Rio Grande rift is the primary source mechanism for the numerous geothermal anomalies along the rift. A test of this concept using an analytical model indicates that significant forced convection must occur in the basins even if permeabilities are as low as 50-200 millidarcies at a depth of 2 km. Where groundwater flow is constricted at the discharge areas of the basins forced convection can locally increase the gradient to a level where free convection also occurs, generating surface heat flow anomalies 5-15 times background. A compilation of groundwater data for the rift basins shows a strong correlation between constrictions in groundwater flow and hot springs and geothermal anomalies, giving strong circumstantial support to the convection model.

Morgan, P.↗

Polar motion, atmospheric angular momentum excitation and earthquakes - Correlations and significance

Equatorial atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) excitation functions and polar motion excitation functions (derived by Kalman filtering Very Long Baseline Interferometry polar motion estimates) are compared with the times of 1984-mid-1988 large earthquakes (magnitude greater than or equal to 7.5). There is a moderate correlation between times of large earthquakes and peaks in polar motion excitation. A strong correlation exists between the times of large earthquakes and large peaks in equatorial AAM amplitude; such a correlation is evident for six out of the eight large earthquakes occurring over the studied time interval. The AAM results indicate potential for the temporal prediction of large/great earthquakes.

Preisig, Joseph R.↗

The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi Bright Blazars

We have conducted a detailed investigation of the broadband spectral properties of the gamma-ray selected blazars of the Fermi LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS). By combining our accurately estimated Fermi gamma-ray spectra with Swift, radio, infra-red, optical, and other hard X-ray /gamma-ray data, collected within 3 months of the LBAS data taking period, we were able to assemble high-quality and quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SED) for 48 LBAS blazars. The SED of these gamma-ray sources is similar to that of blazars discovered at other wavelengths, clearly showing, in the usual log v-log v Fv representation, the typical broadband spectral signatures normally attributed to a combination of low-energy synchrotron radiation followed by inverse Compton emission of one or more components. We have used these SED to characterize the peak intensity of both the low- and the high-energy components. The results have been used to derive empirical relationships that estimate the position of the two peaks from the broadband colors (i.e., the radio to optical, alpha(sub ro) , and optical to X-ray, alpha(sub ox), spectral slopes) and from the gamma-ray spectral index. Our data show that the synchrotron peak frequency (v(sup S) (sub peak)) is positioned between 10(exp 12.5) and 10(exp 14) Hz in broad-lined flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and between 10(exp 13) and 10(exp 17) Hz in featureless BL Lacertae objects. We find that the gamma-ray spectral slope is strongly correlated with the synchrotron peak energy and with the X-ray spectral index, as expected at first order in synchrotron-inverse Compton scenarios. However, simple homogeneous, one-zone, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models cannot explain most of our SED, especially in the case of FSRQs and low energy peaked (LBL) BL Lacs. More complex models involving external Compton radiation or multiple SSC components are required to reproduce the overall SED and the observed spectral variability. While more than 50% of known radio bright high energy peaked (HBL) BL Lacs are detected in the LBAS sample, only less than 13% of known bright FSRQs and LBL BL Lacs are included. This suggests that the latter sources, as a class, may be much fainter gamma-ray emitters than LBAS blazars, and could in fact radiate close to the expectations of simple SSC models. We categorized all our sources according to a new physical classification scheme based on the generally accepted paradigm for Active Galactic Nuclei and on the results of this SED study. Since the LAT detector is more sensitive to flat spectrum gamma-ray sources, the correlation between v(sup S) (sub peak) and gamma-ray spectral index strongly favors the detection of high energy peaked blazars, thus explaining the Fermi overabundance of this type of sources compared to radio and EGRET samples. This selection effect is similar to that experienced in the soft X-ray band where HBL BL Lacs are the dominant type of blazars.

Abdo, A. A.↗

Introducing a New Spitzer Master BLISS Map to Remove the Instrument Systematic Phase-curve-parameter Degeneracy, as Demonstrated by a Reanalysis of the 4.5 μm WASP-43b Phase Curve

While Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) systematics are generally well understood, each data set can provide its own challenges that continue to teach us about the underlying functional form of these systematics. Multiple groups have analyzed the phase curves of WASP-43b with varying detrending techniques, each obtaining different results. In this work, we take another look at WASP-43b while exploring the degenerate relation between Bilinearly Interpolated Subpixel Sensitivity (BLISS) mapping, point response function (PRF)–FWHM detrending, and phase curve parameters. We find that there is a strong correlation between the detrending parameters in the two models, and best-fit phase curve amplitudes vary strongly when the data are temporally binned. To remove this degeneracy, we present a new Gaussian centroided intrapixel sensitivity map (hereafter fixed sensitivity map), generated using 3,712,830 exposures spanning 5 yr, for a variety of aperture sizes at 4.5 μm. We find evidence for time variability in the sensitivity at 3.6 μm and do not generate a visit-independent map for this channel. With the fixed 4.5 μm intrapixel sensitivity map, the best fits for WASP-43b no longer vary strongly with bin size and PRF–FWHM detrending is no longer required to remove correlated noise. For data sets that do not fall completely within the sweet spot, temporal binning should not be used in the analysis of Spitzer phase curves. We confirm nightside emission for WASP-43b with a disk-integrated nightside temperature of 806 ± 48 K at 4.5 μm. The 4.5 μm maps are available at github.com/kevin218/POET.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Invariants in the Yukawa system's thermodynamic phase diagram

This paper shows that several known properties of the Yukawa system can be derived from the isomorph theory, which applies to any system that has strong correlations between its virial and potential-energy equilibrium fluctuations. Such “Roskilde-simple” systems have a simplified thermodynamic phase diagram deriving from the fact that they have curves (isomorphs) along which structure and dynamics in reduced units are invariant to a good approximation. We show that the Yukawa system has strong virial potential-energy correlations and identify its isomorphs by two different methods. One method, the so-called direct isomorph check, identifies isomorphs numerically from jumps of relatively small density changes (here 10%). The second method identifies isomorphs analytically from the pair potential. The curves obtained by the two methods are close to each other; these curves are confirmed to be isomorphs by demonstrating the invariance of the radial distribution function, the static structure factor, the mean-square displacement as a function of time, and the incoherent intermediate scattering function. Since the melting line is predicted to be an isomorph, the theory provides a derivation of a known approximate analytical expression for this line in the temperature-density phase diagram. The paper's results give the first demonstration that the isomorph theory can be applied to systems like dense colloidal suspensions and strongly coupled dusty plasmas.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Determining inclinations of active galactic nuclei via their narrow-line region kinematics. II. Correlation with observed properties

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are axisymmetric systems to first order; their observed properties are likely strong functions of inclination with respect to our line of sight, yet the specific inclinations of all but a few AGNs are generally unknown. By determining the inclinations and geometries of nearby Seyfert galaxies using the kinematics of their narrow-line regions (NLRs) and comparing them with observed properties, we find strong correlations between inclination and total hydrogen column density, infrared color, and Hβ FWHM. These correlations provide evidence that the orientation of AGNs with respect to our line of sight affects how we perceive them beyond the Seyfert 1/2 dichotomy. They can also be used to constrain three-dimensional models of AGN components such as the broad-line region and torus. Additionally, we find weak correlations between AGN luminosity and several modeled NLR parameters, which suggests that the NLR geometry and kinematics are dependent to some degree on the AGN's radiation field.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗