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At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Carbon dioxide (CO2) flux, amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data for pyrogenic organic matter (PYOM) amended soil incubations in lab, Madison, WI, 2021-22

This dataset comprises soil-pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) incubation experiments conducted in a laboratory setting. The focus was on measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) flux emitted in the headspace of incubation jars over a one-month period. The aim was to estimate carbon mineralization from two different carbon fractions in PyOM, as well as carbon mineralization from soil organic carbon (SOC). Bacterial and fungal community profiles were tracked at various time points during the incubation to observe changes in the overall community and specific responders to PyOM. LC-MS analysis of soil samples was also performed to monitor changes in the soil's chemical composition.The provided dataset includes processed CO2 flux measurements obtained from the Picarro-multiplexer measurement setup for each sample incubation jar. This data is available in the "CO2Flux.csv" file. Additionally, the dataset includes CO2 flux data partitioned to estimate mean carbon mineralization from the two PyOM carbon fractions, bulk PyOM, and SOC. The cumulative carbon mineralization data is provided in "cml_respired.csv," while the rate of carbon mineralization data is in "rate_respired.csv." The file "cml_respired_lastcyc.csv" contains cumulative carbon mineralization data for the PyOM carbon fractions, bulk PyOM, and SOC throughout the entire incubation period.For the LC-MS analysis, the raw data can be found in the "20220721_NZ_PeakHeights_FinalAnalysis.csv" file, while sample metadata is provided in "20220721_NZpilot_Metadata.csv". Processed LC-MS data is available in the file "20220721_NZ_FINAL_msdat_sub3.csv". Lastly, the dataset includes the relative abundance data for bacterial genera that exhibited a significant positive response to the addition of PyOM produced at 350 degrees Celsius, which can be found in "resp_genera_350.csv".

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Factors That Influence Variability in Stress-Drop Measurements Using Spectral Decomposition and Spectral-Ratio Methods for the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

Stress drop is a fundamental parameter related to earthquake source physics, but is hard to measure accurately. To better understand how different factors influence stress-drop measurements, we compare two different methods using the Ridgecrest stress-drop validation data set: spectral decomposition (SD) and spectral ratio (SR), each with different processing options. Here, we also examine the influence of spectral complexity on source parameter measurement. Applying the SD method, we find that frequency bandwidth and time-window length could influence spectral magnitude calibration, while depth-dependent attenuation is important to correctly map stress-drop variations. For the SR method, we find that the selected source model has limited influence on the measurements; however, the Boatwright model tends to produce smaller standard deviation and larger magnitude dependence than the Brune model. Variance reduction threshold, frequency bandwidth, and time-window length, if chosen within an appropriate parameter range, have limited influence on source parameter measurement. For both methods, wave type, attenuation correction, and spectral complexity strongly influence the result. The scale factor that quantifies the magnitude dependence of stress drop show large variations with different processing options, and earthquakes with complex source spectra deviating from the Brune-type source models tend to have larger scale factor than earthquakes without complexity. Based on these detailed comparisons, we make a few specific suggestions for data processing workflows that could help future studies of source parameters and interpretations.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

How Good Is Your Location? Comparing and Understanding the Uncertainties in Location for the 1993 Rock Valley Sequence

Accurate event locations are important for many endeavors in seismology, and understanding the factors that contribute to uncertainties in those locations is complex. In this article, we present a case study that takes an in-depth look at the accuracy and precision possible for locating nine shallow earthquakes in the Rock Valley fault zone in southern Nevada. These events are targeted by the Rock Valley Direct Comparison phase of the Source Physics Experiment, as candidates for the colocation of a chemical explosion with an earthquake hypocenter to directly compare earthquake and explosion sources. For this comparison, it is necessary to determine earthquake hypocenters as accurately as possible so that different source types have nearly identical locations. Our investigations include uncertainty analysis from different sets of phase arrivals, stations, velocity models, and location algorithms. For a common set of phase arrivals and stations, we find that epicentral locations from different combinations of velocity models and algorithms are within 600 m of one another in most cases. Event depths exhibit greater uncertainties, but focusing on the S-P times at the nearest station allows for estimates within approximately 500 m.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Brachypodium ENCODE Project – from sequence to function: Predicting physiological responses in grasses to facilitate engineering of biofuel crops

The overarching goal of this proposal was to gain deep knowledge of chromatin dynamics and gene networks related to stress responses in grasses. To accomplish this goal our Brachypodium ENCODE project (1) coupled drought-focused physiological analysis with multiple layers of ENCODE ‘omics’ profiling; (2) obtained fundamental information about the Brachypodium transcriptome, epigenome, chromatin dynamics, and gene regulatory networks; and (3) elucidated the regulatory dynamics of gene networks that can be manipulated to increase energy grass crop productivity.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Impact of Inverter Based Resource Negative Sequence Current Injection on Transmission System Protection

This report documents the results of analysis performed to investigate the impact of inverter-based resource (IBR) response to unbalanced faults on transmission system protective relay dependability and security. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations were performed to simulate IBR response to these faults using existing manufacturer-developed EMT models for four separate IBRs. The study team was composed of IBR manufacturers, relay manufacturers, transmission providers, reliability coordinators and industry consultants with experience in EMT simulation and system protection. The results indicate that under certain conditions, IBR response can result in protective relay misoperations if current protection practices, which were developed based on conventional power sources, are not adapted to the characteristics of IBRs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Predictive Skill of Deep Learning Models Trained on Limited Sequence Data

In this report we investigate the utility of one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) models in epidemiological forecasting. Deep learning models, especially variants of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been studied for influenza forecasting, and have achieved higher forecasting skill compared to conventional models such as ARIMA models. In this study, we adapt two neural networks that employ one-dimensional temporal convolutional layers as a primary building block temporal convolutional networks and simple neural attentive meta-learner for epidemiological forecasting and test them with influenza data from the US collected over 2010-2019. We find that epidemiological forecasting with CNNs is feasible, and their forecasting skill is comparable to, and at times, superior to, RNNs. Thus CNNs and RNNs bring the power of nonlinear transformations to purely data-driven epidemiological models, a capability that heretofore has been limited to more elaborate mechanistic/compartmental disease models.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

KENO V.a Primer: Performing Calculations using SCALE’s Criticality Safety Analysis Sequence (CSAS5) with Fulcrum

The SCALE code system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is widely used and accepted around the world for criticality safety analyses. The well-known KENO V.a three-dimensional Monte Carlo criticality computer code is one of the primary criticality safety analysis tools in SCALE. The KENO V.a primer is designed to help a new user understand and use the SCALE/KENO V.a Monte Carlo code for nuclear criticality safety analyses. It assumes that the user has a college education in a technical field. There is no assumption of familiarity with Monte Carlo codes in general or with SCALE/KENO V.a in particular. The primer is designed to teach by example, with each example illustrating two or three features of SCALE/KENO V.a that are useful in criticality analyses. The primer is based on SCALE 6.2 and 6.3, which includes the Fulcrum graphical user interface (GUI). Each example uses Fulcrum to provide the framework for preparing input data and viewing output results. Starting with a Quickstart section, the primer gives an overview of the basic requirements for SCALE/KENO V.a input and allows the user to quickly run a simple criticality problem with SCALE/KENO V.a. The sections that follow Quickstart include a list of basic objectives at the beginning that identifies the goal of the section and the individual SCALE/KENO V.a features that are covered in detail in the sample problems in that section. Upon completion of the primer, a new user should be comfortable using Fulcrum to set up criticality problems in SCALE/KENO V.a. The primer provides a starting point for the criticality safety analyst who uses SCALE/KENO V.a. Complete descriptions are provided in the SCALE/KENO V.a manual. Although the primer is self-contained, it is intended as a companion volume to the SCALE/KENO V.a training and documentation. The SCALE manual and training schedule are available at https://scale.ornl.gov. The primer provides specific examples of using SCALE/KENO V.a for criticality analyses; the SCALE/KENO V.a manual provides information on the use of SCALE/KENO V.a and all its modules. The primer also contains an appendix with sample input files. In addition, this primer, its errata and sample inputs are also available at https://code.ornl.gov/scale/primers/kenova.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2020

KENO-VI Primer: Performing Calculations using SCALE’s Criticality Safety Analysis Sequence (CSAS6) with Fulcrum

The SCALE code system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is widely used and accepted around the world for criticality safety analysis. The well-known KENO-VI three-dimensional Monte Carlo criticality computer code is one of the primary criticality safety analysis tools in SCALE. The KENO-VI primer is designed to help a new user understand and use the SCALE/KENO-VI Monte Carlo code for nuclear criticality safety analysis. It assumes that the user has a college education in a technical field. There is no assumption of familiarity with Monte Carlo codes in general or with SCALE/KENO-VI in particular. The primer is designed to teach by example, with each example illustrating two or three features of SCALE/KENO-VI that are useful in criticality analysis. The primer is based on SCALE 6.2 and 6.3, which includes the Fulcrum graphical user interface. Each example uses Fulcrum to provide the framework for preparing input data and viewing output results. Starting with a Quickstart section, the primer gives an overview of the basic requirements for SCALE/KENO-VI input and allows the user to quickly run a simple criticality problem with SCALE/KENO-VI. Each following section begins with a list of basic objectives identifying the goal of the section and the individual SCALE/KENO-VI features covered in detail in the section’s sample problems. Upon completion of the primer, a new user should be comfortable using Fulcrum to set up criticality problems in SCALE/KENO-VI. The primer provides a starting point for the criticality safety analyst who uses SCALE/KENO-VI. Complete descriptions are provided in the SCALE/KENO-VI manual. Although the primer is self-contained, it is intended as a companion volume to the SCALE/KENO-VI training and documentation. The SCALE manual and training schedule are available at https://scale.ornl.gov. The primer provides specific examples of using SCALE/KENO-VI for criticality analysis; the SCALE/KENO-VI manual provides information on the use of SCALE/KENO-VI and all its modules. The primer also contains an appendix with sample input files. In addition, this primer, its errata, and sample inputs are also available at https://code.ornl.gov/scale/primers/kenovi/.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Spatiotemporal Sequence Forecasting Platform to Advance the Prediction of Changing Spatiotemporal Patterns of CO 2 Concentration by Incorporating Human Activity and Hydrological Extremes

Focal Areas (2): Predictive modeling using AI techniques and AI-derived model components. It describes the use of AI and other tools to design a prediction system comprising a hierarchy of models. Specifically, this white paper focuses on the development of a collaborative deep learning platform for evaluating and predicting spatiotemporal relationships between the hydrological and carbon cycles and includes capabilities for considering biogenic and anthropogenic inputs to these systems.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Validation and functional characterization of transcription factors in wheat using cell-free protein expression and high-throughput sequencing technologies

Transcription factors (TFs) are critical biomolecules that control and regulate gene expression in every organism. In wheat, there are 3,606 genes annotated as putative TFs which are primarily uncharacterized. In this work, using a DAP-seq approach, we have validated and characterized a select number of TFs (5bl and 5dl) belonging to GeBP family of proteins, responsible for plant cellular growth, development, and differentiation. We found that top DNA binding motifs for 5bl and 5dl are (G/T)N(T/G)GTGGT and (C/G)AA(C/G)AA respectively. These motifs/peaks are enriched in the promoter regions of the genes, which are associated with rRNA biogenesis and protein maturation pathways. This study is also a first demonstration that DAP-seq can be applied for such a complex and large genome such as wheat.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗