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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Impact of Primary and Secondary ZDDP and Ionic Liquid as Lubricant Oil Additives on the Performance and Physicochemical Properties of Pd-Based Three-Way Catalysts

In the present study, two industry primary and secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate standards, ZDDP1 and ZDDP2, respectively, are evaluated for their impact on the performance of Pd-based three-way catalyst and bench-marked against two mixed lubricant additives formed from either ZDDP1 or ZDDP2 with a second-generation oil-miscible phosphoric-containing ionic liquid (IL). The three-way catalysts (TWCs) are exposed to the lubricant additives in an engine bench under four different scenarios: a base case with no additive (NA), ZDDP1, IL+ZDDP1, ZDDP2, and IL+ZDDP2. The engine-aged TWC samples are characterized through a variety of analytical techniques, including evaluation of catalyst reactivity in a bench-flow reactor. With respect to the water–gas shift reaction and the oxygen storage capacity, the ZDDP2- and IL+ZDDP2-aged TWC samples are more degraded than the ZDDP1- and IL+ZDDP1-aged TWC samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that phosphorus in the form of CePO4 was found to be present in the washcoat of all TWC samples, with the highest amount found in the ZDDP2-aged TWC sample. The results obtained from XRD are further confirmed by those from inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), which show that more phosphorus is detected in the washcoat of ZDDP2- and IL+ZDDP2-aged TWC samples than in the ZDDP1- and IL+ZDDP1-aged TWC samples.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Rice Bran Stabilisation and Oil Extraction Using the Microwave-Assisted Method and Its Effects on GABA and Gamma-Oryzanol Compounds

Rice bran oil (RBO) is a valuable ingredient extracted from rice bran (RB), a side stream of polishing rice grain in the milling process. RBO is rich in bioactive ingredients with potential health benefits, such as gamma-oryzanol (GO) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Despite its benefits, the quality of RBO depends on the degree of stabilisation of the RB, which is easily affected by lipase enzymes, and thus needs an effective treatment prior to RBO production. To assess the potential of the microwave-assisted method for RB stabilisation and RBO extraction, three Carolino rice varieties (Ariete, Teti, Luna) were tested. The effect of RB stabilisation was evaluated via acid value, water absorption, and GO and GABA levels. The RBO yield was optimised by solvent, temperature, and solvent-to-sample ratio, and the GO and fatty acid levels were determined. The RB stabilisation for the Luna variety did not affect the GO and GABA; for the Ariete and Teti varieties, the GO decreased by 34.4% and 24.2%, and the GABA increased by 26.5% and 47.0%, respectively. The GO levels in RBO samples were not affected by RB stabilisation. The RBO nutritional value was confirmed by the suitable ratio (>2) between polyunsaturated (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA), with the Teti variety presenting the highest ratio.

Reis, Núria (ORCID:0000000194339109)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Orphaned oil and gas well methane emission rates quantified using Gaussian plume inversions of ambient observations

Abstract. Annually, ∼ 3.6 million abandoned oil and gas wells in the US emit a combined ∼ 2.6 Tg methane (CH4), adversely affecting climate and regional air quality. However, these estimates depend on emission factors derived from measuring subpopulations of wells that vary by orders of magnitude due to very limited field sampling and poorly characterized distributions. Currently, US protocols to remediate orphaned wells lacks standardized quantification methods needed to both prioritize plugging and account for emission reductions. Therefore, sensitive, reliable, affordable, and scalable CH4 flux quantification methods are needed. We report the use of a simple Gaussian plume method where the dispersion parameters are constrained by in situ ground measurements of CH4 concentration at four locations 7.5–49 m downwind of the orphan well as well as local winds to estimate the leak rate from an orphan well. We derive a flux of 10.53 ± 1.16 kg CH4 h−1 during a venting procedure in April 2023 that agrees with the directly measured volumetric flow rate of 9.00 ± 0.25 kg CH4 h−1. This is 71 % greater than the 5.3 kg CH4 h−1 flux measured 7 months prior. Additionally, we discovered a secondary leak through the surface casing inferred as 0.43–0.67 kg CH4 h−1 both by our ground Gaussian analysis and by transecting the plume with an uncrewed aerial system (UAS). We show that in situ determination of the dispersion parameters used in our Gaussian inversions allows us to measure methane emissions to 15 % accuracy, significantly reducing errors when compared to the standard practice of assuming stability class. Our results help develop simpler methods and protocols for robust orphan well emission quantification that can be used for reporting.

Follansbee, Emily↗
NASA NTRS1964

Oil-smeared models aid wind tunnel measurements

For visualizing flow characteristics in wind tunnel tests, model surfaces are smeared with any common petroleum-base oils. These fluoresce under ultraviolet light and the flow patterns are readily visualized.

Katzoff, S.↗
NASA NTRS1965

Oil-damped mercury pool makes precise optical alignment tool

Mercury pool with a cover layer of high viscosity oil provides a reference reflector for precise alignment of optical instruments. The cover layer effectively damps any ripples in the mercury from support structure vibrations.

Thekaekara, M. P.↗