Discovery potential for split supersymmetry with thermal dark matter
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
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Results for “models for dark matter”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Simulation based inference for efficient theory space sampling: An application to supersymmetric explanations of the anomalous muon g − 2
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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Systematic study of projection biases in the weak lensing analysis of cosmic shear and the combination of galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing
This paper presents the results of a systematic study of projection biases in the weak lensing analysis of cosmic shear and the combination of galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing using data collected during the first year of running the Dark Energy Survey experiment. The study uses Lambda cold dark matter ( Λ CDM ) as the cosmological model and two-point correlation functions for the weak lensing (WL) analysis. The results in this paper show that, independent of the WL analysis, projection biases of more than 1 σ exist and are a function of the position of the true values of the parameters h , n s , Ω b , and Ω ν h 2 with respect to their prior probabilities. For cosmic shear, and the combination of galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing, this study shows that the coverage probability of the 68.27% credible intervals ranges from as high as 93% to as low as 16% and that these credible intervals are inflated, on average, by 29% for cosmic shear and 20% for the combination of galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing. The results of the study also show that, in six out of nine tested cases, the reduction in error bars obtained by transforming credible intervals into confidence intervals is equivalent to an increase in the amount of data by a factor of 3.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Search for leptophobic bosons decaying into µµ, b jets, and MET with the CMS experiment
The standard model (SM) lacks a description for dark matter, which is implied by astrophysical observations to exist but has not yet been detected directly. An extension of the SM to include a leptophobic Z’ boson allows for the production of stable weakly interacting particles that offer dark matter candidates. Signatures of this interaction that can be detected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider are mumu, b jets, and MET. As part of a sensitivity study, an examination of Z’ boson kinematics in the low Z’ mass range is presented along with event reconstruction methods and comparisons to ttbar and Drell-Yan backgrounds.
Kong, Livia↗
Modified Newtonian dynamics and the Coma cluster
The consistency of Milgrom's theory of modified Newtonian dynamics is checked against optical and X-ray data for the Coma cluster of galaxies. It is found that viable models for the cluster containing no dark matter can be constructed. They require an extensive gaseous atmosphere through which galaxies move on near-radial orbits. The gas temperature is predicted to have a shallow minimum near the cluster center; this structure may conflict with the best X-ray spectra of the cluster.
The, Lih Sin↗
A particle astrophysics magnet facility: ASTROMAG
The primary scientific objectives of ASTROMAG are to: examine cosmological models by searching for antimatter and dark matter candidates; study the origin and evolution of matter in the galaxy by direct sampling of galactic matter; and study the origin and acceleration of the relativistic particle plasma in the galaxy and its effects on the dynamics and evolution of the galaxy. These general scientific objectives will be met by ASTROMAG with particle detection instruments designed to make the following observations: search, for anti-nuclei of helium and heavier element; measure the spectra of anti-protons and positrons; measure the isotopic composition of cosmic ray nuclei at energies of several GeV/amu; and measure the energy spectra of cosmic ray nuclei to very high energies.
Ormes, Jonathan F.↗
A redshift survey of IRAS galaxies. V - The acceleration on the Local Group
The acceleration on the Local Group is calculated based on a full-sky redshift survey of 5288 galaxies detected by IRAS. A formalism is developed to compute the distribution function of the IRAS acceleration for a given power spectrum of initial perturbations. The computed acceleration on the Local Group points 18-28 deg from the direction of the Local Group peculiar velocity vector. The data suggest that the CMB dipole is indeed due to the motion of the Local Group, that this motion is gravitationally induced, and that the distribution of IRAS galaxies on large scales is related to that of dark matter by a simple linear biasing model.
Strauss, Michael A.↗
Large scale structure in universes dominated by cold dark matter
The theory of Gaussian random density field peaks is applied to a numerical study of the large-scale structure developing from adiabatic fluctuations in models of biased galaxy formation in universes with Omega = 1, h = 0.5 dominated by cold dark matter (CDM). The angular anisotropy of the cross-correlation function demonstrates that the far-field regions of cluster-scale peaks are asymmetric, as recent observations indicate. These regions will generate pancakes or filaments upon collapse. One-dimensional singularities in the large-scale bulk flow should arise in these CDM models, appearing as pancakes in position space. They are too rare to explain the CfA bubble walls, but pancakes that are just turning around now are sufficiently abundant and would appear to be thin walls normal to the line of sight in redshift space. Large scale streaming velocities are significantly smaller than recent observations indicate. To explain the reported 700 km/s coherent motions, mass must be significantly more clustered than galaxies with a biasing factor of less than 0.4 and a nonlinear redshift at cluster scales greater than one for both massive neutrino and cold models.
Bond, J. Richard↗
Inelastic dark matter at the Fermilab Short Baseline Neutrino Program
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Enhancing New Physics Searches with a Future Beam Dump Configuration at SBND
Accelerator-based neutrino experiments, especially those with high-intensity beams and highly capable detectors, offer a powerful and complementary method for probing new physics scenarios. The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab pioneered a special Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) beam dump run and set new limits on sub-GeV dark matter. This white paper explores the physics opportunities enabled by operating the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) at Fermilab in a future BNB beam dump configuration. Redirecting the proton beam away from the default target suppresses neutrino backgrounds, enabling SBND to significantly enhance sensitivity to many new physics scenarios. We evaluate two operational scenarios – off-target mode and a new dedicated beam dump mode – and demonstrate that both approaches can open new avenues in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. We present two example cases, scalar dark matter and heavy neutral leptons via axion-like particle.
Dutta, Bhaskar [TAMU, College Station]↗
Hybrid SO(10) Axion Model without Quality Problem
Invisible axion models that solve the strong C P problem via the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism typically have a quality problem that arises from quantum gravity effects which violate all global symmetries. These models therefore require extreme fine-tuning of parameters for consistency. We present a new solution to the quality problem in a unified SO ( 10 ) × U ( 1 ) a gauge model, where U ( 1 ) a is an anomaly free axial gauge symmetry. PQ symmetry emerges as an accidental symmetry in this setup, which admits a PQ breaking scale as large as 7 × 10 11 GeV , allowing for the axion to be the cosmological dark matter. We call this a hybrid axion model due to its unique feature that it interpolates between the popular KSVZ and DFSZ axion models. Its predictions for the experimentally measurable axion couplings to the nucleon and electron are distinct from those of the usual models, a feature that can be used to test it. Furthermore, the model has no domain wall problem and it provides a realistic and predictive framework for fermion masses and mixings. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Babu, K. S. (ORCID:0000000161475155)↗
Twin sterile neutrino dark matter
We propose that the dark matter of our Universe could be sterile neutrinos which reside within the twin sector of a mirror twin Higgs model. In our scenario, these particles are produced through a version of the Dodelson-Widrow mechanism that takes place entirely within the twin sector, yielding a dark matter candidate that is consistent with x-ray and gamma-ray line constraints. Furthermore, this scenario can naturally avoid the cosmological problems that are typically encountered in mirror twin Higgs models. In particular, if the sterile neutrinos in the Standard Model sector decay out of equilibrium, they can heat the Standard Model bath and reduce the contributions of the twin particles to N eff . Such decays also reduce the effective temperature of the dark matter, thereby relaxing constraints from large-scale structure. The sterile neutrinos included in this model are compatible with the seesaw mechanism for generating Standard Model neutrino masses. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Primordial black hole dark matter from catastrogenesis with unstable pseudo-Goldstone bosons
We propose a new scenario for the formation of asteroid-mass primordial black holes (PBHs). Our mechanism is based on the annihilation of the string-wall network associated with the breaking of a U(1) global symmetry into a discrete Z N symmetry. If the potential has multiple local minima ( N > 1) the network is stable, and the annihilation is guaranteed by a bias among the different vacua. The collapse of the string-wall network is accompanied by catastrogenesis , a large production of pseudo-Goldstone bosons (pGBs) — e.g. axions, ALPs, or majorons — gravitational waves, and PBHs. If pGBs rapidly decay into products that thermalize, as predicted e.g. in the high-quality QCD axion and heavy majoron models, they do not contribute to the dark matter population, but we show that PBHs can constitute 100% of the dark matter. The gravitational wave background produced by catastrogenesis with heavy unstable axions, ALPs, or majorons could be visible in future interferometers.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Investigation of CMB constraints for dark matter-helium scattering
In this work, we study dark matter-helium scattering in the early Universe and its impact on constraints from cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy measurements. We describe possible theoretical frameworks for dark matter-nucleon interactions via a scalar, pseudoscalar, or vector mediator; such interactions give rise to hydrogen and helium scattering, with cross sections that have a power-law dependence on relative velocity. Within these frameworks, we consider three scenarios: dark matter coupling to only neutrons, to only protons, and to neutrons and protons with equal strength. For these various cases, we use Planck 2018 temperature, polarization, and lensing anisotropy data to place constraints on dark matter scattering with hydrogen and/or helium for dark matter masses between 10 keV and 1 TeV. For any model that permits both helium and hydrogen scattering with a non-negative power-law velocity dependence, we find that helium scattering dominates the constraint for dark matter masses well above the proton mass. Furthermore, we place the first CMB constraints on dark matter that scatters dominantly/exclusively with helium in the early Universe.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
On the evolution of Lyman alpha clouds based upon the Minihalo model
Intergalactic clouds confined by the gravity of cold dark matter (CDM), the so called mini-halo, is considered. Assuming a simplified evolution law of UV flux and mass function of gas clouds, number density evolution and H1 column density distribution can be reproduced by mini-halo model. Considering interaction between supersonic flow and a mini-halo, spatial correlation and the proximity effect of Ly-alpha forest can be investigated.
Murakami, Izumi↗
3-3-1 Self interacting dark matter and the galaxy core-cusp problem
The core–cusp problem remains a challenging discrepancy between observations and simulations in the standard Λ CDM model for the formation of galaxies. The problem is that Λ CDM simulations predict a steep power-law mass density profile at the center of galactic dark matter halos. However, observations of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group reveal a density profile consistent with a nearly flat distribution of dark matter near the center. A number of solutions to this dilemma have been proposed. In this paper we summarize investigations into the possibility that the dark matter particles themselves self interact and scatter. Such self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) particles can smooth out the dark-matter profile in high-density regions. We also review the theoretical proposal that self-interacting dark matter may arise as an additional Higgs scalar in the 3–3–1 extension of the Standard Model (SM). We present new simulations of galaxy formation and evolution for this formulation of self-interacting dark matter. Current constraints on this self-interacting dark matter are then summarized.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Dark matter assisted lepton anomalous magnetic moments and neutrino masses
Not Available
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Constraints on dark photon dark matter from Lyman- α forest simulations and an ultrahigh signal-to-noise quasar spectrum
The ultralight dark photon is a well-motivated, hypothetical dark matter candidate. In a dilute plasma, they can resonantly convert into photons, and heat up the intergalactic medium between galaxies. In this work, we explore the dark photon dark matter parameter space by comparing synthetic Lyman- α forest data from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to observational data from VLT/UVES of the quasar HE0940-1050 ( z em = 3.09 ). We use a novel flux normalization technique that targets underdense gas, reshaping the flux probability distribution. Not only do we place robust constraints on the kinetic mixing parameter of dark photon dark matter, but notably our findings suggest that this model can still reconcile simulated and observed Doppler parameter distributions of z ∼ 0 Lyman- α lines, as seen by HST/COS. This work opens new pathways for the use of the Lyman- α forest to explore new physics, and can be extended to other scenarios such as primordial black hole evaporation, dark matter decay, and annihilation.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗