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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Drone Applications for Wildfires and Other Emergency Situations

Potential Solutions to Wildfires This project is looking at multiple aspects of the use of UAV’s during wildfire season. This project identifies multiple solutions to communication problems, early action response, and innovative tactics to fight wildfires during the dark hours of the second shift. This project will identify the features and innovations needed to create a second shift that can more effectively fight wildland fires at night. In addition, this project will look to find which satellite systems work best for detection of wildfires, with a special focus on remote locations with more rural communities. There will also be a focus on ways to improve current UAVs and sensors for aerial fire surveillance as well as the understanding on how to establish a safe airspace for these UAVs during wildfires. More specifically, unmanned ariel vehicles (UAV) or drones can be used during natural disasters and other situations to help first responders be a more efficient team, ultimately saving hundreds of more lives. Depending on the situation, drones can be equipped with many different accessories, each with their own advantages. When it comes to operating a drone, communication between the first responder, dispatcher, and the person flying the drone is very important when exchanging useful information. A focus on existing systems, and what changes could be made to create more novel systems will also be shown. Moreover, wildfires not only pose a hazard to human safety and a dent on communication methods, but it also has detrimental effects on the environment. Specifically, the use of common fire retardants have dangerous health effects on human health and the environment as a whole. Therefore, this project will also explore the use of alternative eco-friendly fire retardants and recent innovations to the use of sustainable retardants.

Drones↗
NASA NTRS2022

Rapid Intensification of the Emerging Southwestern North American Megadrought in 2020–2021

A previous reconstruction back to 800 ce indicated that the 2000–2018 soil moisture deficit in southwestern North America was exceeded during one megadrought in the late-1500s. Here, we show that after exceptional drought severity in 2021, ~19% of which is attributable to anthropogenic climate trends, 2000–2021 was the driest 22-yr period since at least 800. This drought will very likely persist through 2022, matching the duration of the late-1500s megadrought.

Hydrology↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Medical Ceramic Oxygen Generator: An Emerging Method For Generating Oxygen In-Situ

The NASA Engineering Safety Center is sponsoring a project called Medical Ceramic Oxygen Generator. Technology developed for spacesuit oxygen tank recharge has been directed towards developing a prototype oxygen generator with characteristics favorable for providing hospitals with medical oxygen. This presentation describes the M-COG project.

oxygen↗