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770 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Cyber Resiliency and the Implementation of a Host-Based Intrusion Detection System in an Urban Air Mobility Environment

With the growth in Urban Air Mobility systems and the increasing reliance on interconnected technologies, ensuring the security of these complex components has become critical. As cities evolve into smart urban centers, the vulnerability to cyber threats escalates, possibly endangering citizens safety and the efficiency of transportation networks.In response to these challenges, this paper presents a study on the need for cyber resilient techniques within future air traffic environments. It will pay specific attention to the implementation of a Host-Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) utilizing Atomic OSSEC software, tailored specifically to a NASA simulation of an UrbanAirMobility environments’ unique demands. Further, this study seeks to outline the rational for NASA’s recommendation for a HIDS in such environments. It explores the design, development, and deployment of the proposed HIDS, focusing on its adaptability to monitor the hybrid nature of the Urban Air Mobility environment. Leveraging machine learning algorithms and anomaly detection techniques, the HIDS is equipped to continuously monitor and analyze the behavior of individual host systems, vehicles, and devices, thereby providing a proactive approach to threat detection. Implementing a HIDS is a pivotal strategy for enhancing cyber resiliency, as it gives an organization granular visibility into internal system activities, enables rapid detection and response to anomalous behavior and cyber threats, and fortifies the organizations overall cybersecurity posture. Finally, this study aims to provide recommendations and include learned takeaways that the Urban Air Mobility industry should consider. In brief, this paper highlights the significance of host-based intrusion detection in UrbanAirMobility environments and underscores the necessity of tailored security solutions to safeguard against emerging cyber threats.

UAM↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Air Traffic Management Response to Vertiport Closure

Increasing quantities of urban air mobility operations requires consideration of various contingencies associated with novel operational tempos and airspace management practices. This paper explores a contingency scenario in which a single vertiport closes unexpectedly during high tempo operations. Dynamic re-planning is explored as a function performed both by operators using common operating procedures and through emergency assistance from air traffic control. Implications for airspace capacity, infrastructure requirements, and vehicle energy reserves are discussed.

UAM↗
NASA NTRS2024

High Level Architecture (HLA) as a Research Tool for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)

In this document, a NASA investigation into the High-Level Architecture (HLA) standard for distributed simulation as a means of furthering Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) research is illustrated along with a description of the evolution of distributed simulation leading to the HLA standard. HLA enables efficient definition and insertion of components and participants in simulation sessions. Novel concepts can be added or removed as the work evolves. A general history of the HLA standard is described to show past needs for improved methods of distributed simulation, particularly among participating laboratories in separate locations, as well as previous applications of HLA simulation to airspace research. These examples from the past illustrate how new and emerging concepts can be simulated by layering notional ideas over simulated current-day systems and capabilities in a controlled environment for examination. In the 1990s, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the MITRE Corporation performed joint research into then-emergent capabilities in the National Airspace System (NAS). In the early 2000s, the MITRE Corporation developed an open, extendable set of objects and protocols designed for global and collaborative aviation research called AviationSimNet, which has HLA as its foundation. This led to NASA and the FAA using AviationSimNet to connect laboratories for AAM research, resulting in the NASA/FAA Laboratory Integrated Test Environment (NFLITE). The underlying capabilities of HLA enabled testing a notional interaction between AAM and legacy ATC systems that resulted in AAM vehicles receiving beacon codes for identification on ATC screens in Class C airspace. The potential next steps in this work include defining and examining notional interactions between AAM and legacy ATC systems within Class B airspace.

UAM↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Aviation Cybersecurity Challenges

Extensible Traffic Management (xTM) is the overarching term for traffic management approaches and/or associated services that address the operation of select new entrants within flexibly allocated, designated airspace. xTM will leverage the decentralized UTM model for traffic management, creating cybersecurity challenges that are common and unique.

Cybersecurty↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

System-Wide Error Attribution in Multi-Vehicle Operations: Theoretical Explanation, Implications, and Applications

In multi-vehicle aerial operation contexts, a single or several human operators (m) are responsible for managing multiple uncrewed vehicles (N). This is referred to as the m:N operational paradigm. When automation error occurs during m:N operations, especially if multiple vehicles exhibit automation error, a question is raised: What level of system globality will the error be attributed to? Globality refers to the levels within the conceptual hierarchy of a perceptual object. Significant costs could be incurred if the error is falsely attributed to a higher globality level than it should be (e.g., multiple groups of vehicles as opposed to a single vehicle), and those vehicles are subsequently subject to grounding and evaluation/maintenance. Likewise, it could be problematic if error is falsely attributed to a component (i.e., a lower globality level), resulting in ongoing, unsafe operation of vehicles that should be grounded or evaluated. Thus, to meet required safety standards and facilitate commercial viability, multi-vehicle operators must be capable of appropriately attributing the level of globality of automation error within the system they are responsible for.

Error↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Air Traffic Management Exploration

Extensible Traffic Management (xTM) is the overarching term for traffic management approaches and/or associated services that address the operation of select new entrants within flexibly allocated, designated airspace. xTM will leverage the decentralized UTM model for traffic management, creating cybersecurity challenges that are common and unique.

RAR↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Simple Pattern Traffic Generation for Automated Flight Research in Non-Towered Traffic Patterns

Research efforts into autonomous air traffic will necessitate tools for testing algorithm capabilities. Testing will require flexible methods for creating large quantities of artificial data to verify the safety of automated systems. The traffic generation method in this work was developed to test traffic prediction and replanning algorithms for an autonomous vehicle attempting to land at a non-towered airport. The traffic generation method produces airport approach trajectories supporting a wide range of pattern entry types and typical pattern modification maneuvers for multiple aircraft types with varying performance capabilities. For each aircraft there are options for choosing the approach type, modifying how the approach is flown, and imposing scenario-driven temporal constraints, such as spacing between pairs of aircraft. The tool uses simplified aircraft dynamics to produce position and velocity profiles for traffic vehicles. Additionally, the tool supports standalone simulation tests or batch/bulk testing efforts, multiple output data options, and facilitates post-processing analysis.

Autonomous Vehicle↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Aero-Propulsive Damping Characterization for eVTOL Aircraft Using Free Motion Wind-Tunnel Testing

This paper describes an electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft system identification method applied using three degree-of-freedom (3DOF) free motion wind-tunnel testing. The approach, similar to flight-test system identification, allows for efficient mathematical model development of the aero-propulsive moments applied on an eVTOL vehicle, including aerodynamic damping effects. The approach is demonstrated using a subscale tiltrotor eVTOL aircraft mounted on a new 3DOF wind-tunnel apparatus. To execute the test, a model-based 3DOF control system is designed to track attitude commands and transition the aircraft based on the freestream dynamic pressure. While the flight controller is active, orthogonal phase-optimized multisine inputs are injected into the attitude command and control effector command signals to enable collection of informative data for model identification. Aero-propulsive models are then identified at several reference conditions in the transition flight envelope using the equation-error method in the frequency domain. The identified models are shown to have a good fit to the modeling data and good prediction capability of data not used for model identification. The method yields aerodynamic damping estimates using less wind-tunnel test time compared to traditional forced oscillation experiments and supplements static wind-tunnel testing to produce a comprehensive transition aero-propulsive model suitable for use in flight dynamics simulations.

RAVEN↗